[{"content":"","date":"2026-06-05T18:58:37+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/cfa-level-1-volume-1-6/","title":"CFA Level 1 Volume 1 6"},{"content":"Ethics and Trust in Investment Profession Goal of this chap:\nTop two attributes an IM must comply:\nTransparent and Open business practices; Ethical business practices ","date":"2026-06-04T17:28:00+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/cfa-level-1-volume-10-ethos/","title":"CFA Level 1 Volume 10: Ethos"},{"content":"0. Prerequisites \u0026amp; Preps Study with NotebookLM Deconstruct with Gemini or Claude for abstract concepts The Book of Why by Judea Pearl and maybe his other work Linear Algebra PHIL 101 1. Intro To be scientific is to declare falsifications responsible for a phenomenon and financial economics as a science is at a disadvatage to do so.\nFor the past 5 decades, most factor investing literature is mostly publishing associations not causes, in which they failed to falsification, which should be admitted as spurious.\nMy conclusion: Factor investing literature is immature which means the investing based on factors are immature. Dr. Prado is here to give all the causal factor investors a wakeup call.\nKey takeaways:\nKnow the difference between association and causation(which means being logic, and learn some PHIL 101); It\u0026rsquo;s possible, to estimate, the causal effects through natural experiments and simulations. Chap 5 \u0026amp; 6: Causal confusion in econometries and factor investing and why factor investing is immature Chap 7: Proliferation of spurious claims as a \u0026ldquo;factor zoo\u0026rdquo; Chap 8: Scientific discipline Author\u0026rsquo;s contributions:\nDenial or ignorance of the cause of content of author\u0026rsquo;s models which makes factor investing literature logically inconsistent A and B: two types of spurious claims. They have different roots and implications, it\u0026rsquo;s important to be able to distinguish the two. B falsely claims the time-varying nature of risk premium. Derivation from A and B to speculate the causes that make the claims spurious. Monte Carlo simulations to show how disastrous B claims can be. New explanation for factor investing: The time-varing nature of risk premia reported in journals is a likely consequence of under-controlling. Proposal to make factor investing scientific again. 2. Association vs Causation: Math, Distinguishing, Nuances My conclusions and action items:\nEngrave the definitions and clarifications of, and among \u0026ldquo;interventions\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;observations\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;causations\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;associations\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;independent\u0026rdquo; in a probobabilistic and statistic standpoint to my grey matter. Understand do-operator(a.k.a. an intervention) The goal for this chapter is to: distinguish, differentiate and be able to clarify. Do some mock-up quizzes with NotebookLM. Confine the assumptions, scope of the matter Derive further investigations and experiments based on the ideas above Definitions and clarifications Keynote:\n$X$ and $Y$ statistically independent if and only if: $$ P[X = x, Y = y] = P[X = x]P[Y = y], \\forall x, y $$\n$X$ and $Y$ are associated when, for some $(x,y)$: $$ P[X = x, Y = y] \\ne P[X = x]P[Y = y] $$\n$X$ is the cause of $Y$ when: $$ Y = f(X) $$\nEquivalently:\n$X$ is said to cause $Y$ probabilistically, when: a value $x$ increase the likelihood of $y$\nCausation formal definition: $$ X = x \\text{ causes } Y = y \\iff P[Y = y | do[X = x]] \u0026gt; P[Y = y] $$ Gemini\u0026rsquo;s deconstruction of do-operator and causation definition like I\u0026rsquo;m a junior high:\nClick to expand ## The Core Problem: Passive Observing vs. Active Smashing Before we look at the math, think about this: * **Scenario A (Observing):** You stand on a street corner in the rain. You notice that almost everyone walking by has an open **umbrella ($X$)**, and the **ground is wet ($Y$)**. * **Scenario B (Intervening):** You walk up to someone on a perfectly sunny day and force them to open an umbrella ($X$). Does the ground suddenly become wet ($Y$)? Of course not. Standard statistics and econometrics are great at **Scenario A**. They just look at data that already exists. But they traditionally lack a clean mathematical symbol to represent **Scenario B**, where you actively step in and force a change. That is where Judea Pearl’s **$do$-operator** comes in. --- ## 1. What is the $do$-operator? In standard probability, you write $P[Y|X]$, which reads: *\u0026quot;The probability of $Y$ happening, **given that we observe** $X$ happening.\u0026quot;* If $X$ is open umbrellas and $Y$ is wet ground, $P[\\text{Wet Ground} | \\text{Umbrellas}]$ is very high. But that doesn't mean umbrellas *cause* wet ground. When we write: $$do[X = x]$$ We are saying: **\u0026quot;We don't care what the world was doing naturally. We are physically stepping in, clearing out any outside factors, and forcing $X$ to equal $x$.\u0026quot;** * **$P[Y | X = x]$**: You look through a pair of binoculars at the market or the world and count what happens. * **$P[Y | do[X = x]]$**: You run a controlled experiment. You isolate $X$ and force it to happen, severing it from any hidden, underlying causes (like the weather). --- ## 2. Deconstructing the Definition of Causation The text highlights a formal definition: $$X = x \\text{ causes } Y = y \\iff P[Y = y | do[X = x]] \u0026gt; P[Y = y]$$ Let’s break this inequality down piece by piece: * **$\\iff$**: This just means \u0026quot;if and only if.\u0026quot; It's a strict mathematical two-way street. * **$P[Y = y]$**: This is the **baseline probability**. What is the normal chance of $Y$ happening out in the wild on any random day? * **$P[Y = y | do[X = x]]$**: This is the **experimental probability**. What is the chance of $Y$ happening *after* we actively step in and force $X$ to happen? ### The Rule If you force $X$ to happen, and the probability of $Y$ happening **increases** compared to its normal baseline, then **$X$ causes $Y$**. If forcing $X$ to happen does absolutely nothing to the baseline probability of $Y$, then $X$ does *not* cause $Y$—no matter how highly correlated they looked when you were just passively watching. --- ## Why Lopez de Prado Cares About This for Investing In quantitative finance, backtests are often just passive observations of historical data ($P[Y|X]$). You see that a certain factor $X$ and stock returns $Y$ went up together in the past. But when you actually deploy real money into production, you are executing an **intervention**—you are doing $do[X=x]$ by trading. If the relationship wasn't truly *causal*, your strategy will fall apart in production because you mistook a statistical coincidence (or a shared hidden driver) for a real lever you could pull. Does the distinction between \u0026quot;watching\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;doing\u0026quot; make sense in the context of the variables you're looking at? Where:\n$P$ is the probability $X=x$ means When event $X$ takes value of $x$ $f(X)$ is a causal mechanism An \u0026ldquo;intervention\u0026rdquo; is proactively setting value $x$ to $X$ in an experimental environment, denoted by Judea Pearl as $do[X=x]$ as in a do-operator. An \u0026ldquo;observation\u0026rdquo; is observing value when $x$ took place in $X$. Fact:\nData-gen process(or the entire picture of the system in which causality among events and variables are in) is important yet elusive, sad, but true(subdue to complexity and invisibility). Causal graphs $X$ and $Y$ can be a part of a more complex system.\nWhat it does deterministically:\nVisualize the cause-effects for a determined/observed subset of the system, do-operators, converge to ceteris paribus(comparing apples to apples) assumption. Declares the variables in this system and the influences these variables act upon each other, direction of causality. Topology to estimate the causal effects What it does not necessarily do:\nRepresent the holistic system, or give out an entire picture of which $X$ and $Y$ are in. graph LR %% Subgraph 1: Before the do-operation subgraph Before [Before do-operation] Z1((Z)) --\u0026gt;|1| X1((X)) Z1((Z)) --\u0026gt;|2| Y1((Y)) end %% Invisible link forcing \u0026#34;Before\u0026#34; to be on the left of \u0026#34;After\u0026#34; Y1 ~~~ Z2 %% Subgraph 2: After the do-operation subgraph After [After do-operation] X2((X)) Z2((Z)) --\u0026gt;|2| Y2((Y)) end In which the causal graph:\n$Z$ causes $X$ and $Y$. $Z$ is a confounder for $X$ and $Y$, and because of this, $X$ and $Y$ can have associations, but not necessarily causal. Confounder $Z$ does not necessarily induce or represent the entire picture of the associations between $X$ and $Y$. $do[X=x]$ has no effect on the probability of $P[Y=y]$ ⭐️⭐️⭐️ All of the above can be referred to Chap2, page 3-4 of the book.\nAuthor\u0026rsquo;s conclusions:\nCausality is beyond statistics. It\u0026rsquo;s related to interventions, complex system, and distinct from association. It\u0026rsquo;s inappropriate and prohibited to describe causality in associational language of conditional probabilities. Association does not imply causation, but causation does imply association because of a intervention like $do[X=x]$ can be associated to $Y=y$ Causation is directional(vector-like), meaning a statement: \u0026ldquo;$X$ causes $Y$ implies that $P[Y=y|do[X=x]]\u0026gt;P[Y=y]$\u0026rdquo;, but does not imply \u0026ldquo;$P[X=x|do[Y=y]]\u0026gt;P[X=x]$\u0026rdquo;. Causation is sequential. \u0026ldquo;$X$ causes $Y$ means the value of $X$ is set first, and only after that $Y$ adapts.\u0026rdquo; ceteris paribus assumption simulates an intervention which can only be understood by causal graph. 3. The Three Steps of Scientific Discovery What is Science?\n\u0026ldquo;The systematic organization of knowledge in the form of testable explanations of natural observations.\u0026rdquo;\nTo mature in science is to identify the causations and the mechanisms behind them.\nFor some knowledge to be scientific has to follow 3 steps:\nObserve, phenomenology, observe patterns of associational events, or exceptions to such pattern(anomalies); Theorize, propose causal mechanism and explanation; Falsify, experiment against each component of the causal mechanism 3.1 The Phenomenological Step\nThe goal of this step is to:\nState a \u0026ldquo;problem situation\u0026rdquo;, or observing an anomaly\nWhat to do at this step:\nObserve associated events(anomaly) $P[X=x,Y=y] \\ne P[X=x]P[Y=y]$; May model $P[X=x,Y=y]$ Derive conditional probabilities Make associational statements(or prediction) $E[Y|X=x]=y$ using machine learning May produce empirical evidence of a cause effect Make a logical induction conclusion that:\u0026quot;For some unknown reason, the anomaly will reoccur.\u0026quot; What to not to do at this step:\nExploring, providing, concluding the cause or reasons for the association observed 3.2 Theorization\nThe goal of this step is to:\n","date":"2026-06-02T19:24:05+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/causal-factor-investing/","title":"Causal Factor Investing"},{"content":"Advances in Financial Machine Learning by Marco Lopez De Prado Chap 11: The dangers of a backtesting Key takeaways:\nMarco\u0026rsquo;s 2nd Law: \u0026ldquo;Backtesting while researching is like drinking and driving. Do not research under the influence of a backtest.\u0026rdquo;\n11.2 Mission impossible: the flawless backtest A backtest is NOT an experiment, it\u0026rsquo;s fictional, hypothetical, simulative, thus it does not prove anything. Read “Seven Sins of Quantitative Investing” (Luo et al. [2014]) 7 sins of quant:\nSurvivorship Bias Look-ahead bias Storytelling(ex-post story v.s. ex-ante, explain afterwards) Data Mining and data snooping Transaction costs Outliers Shorting The list can go on and on\u0026hellip;\n11.3 Even if your backtest if flawless, it is probably wrong Let me reframe it:\nEven if you deployed your models from the backtest and made 50 trillion out of it, your backtest is PROBABLY wrong.\n11.4 Backtesting is not a research tool Key takeaway:\nFeature importance is a true research tool The purpose of a backtest is to discard bad models, not to improve them. Adjusting your model based on the backtest results is a waste of time, and it\u0026rsquo;s dangerous. Never backtest until your model has been fully specified. 11.5 A few general recommendations Key takeaways:\nBacktest overfitting can be defined as slection bias on multiple backtests. Every backtested strategy is overfit to some extent and a result of selection bias. How to address backtest overfitting is arguably the most fundamental question in quant. Must follow:\nDevelop models for entire asset class or investment universes, rather than for specific securities. Apply bagging(Chap 6). Do not backtest until all your research is complete(Chap 1-10) Record every backtest conducted on a dataset so that the probability of backtest overfitting maybe estimated. Simulate scenarios rather than history. Your strategy should be profitable under a wide range of scenarios. If the backtest fails to identify a profitable strat, start all over again. 11.6 Strategy Selection Key Takeaways:\nOne disadvantage of the WFOV is it can be easily overfit. Some randomization is needed to avoid backtest optimization(overfitting), on top of avoiding the leakage from test set to the training set. Chap 12 ","date":"2026-03-05T15:30:00-05:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/advances-in-financial-machine/","title":"Advances in Financial Machine Learning by Marco Lopez De Prado"},{"content":"Key takeaways Broadening opportunities outside the US Yielf curves steepen, USD remain weak Emerging markets, US small caps lead in 2026 The key driver of returns remains innovation Intrusive government Broadening The US is good, but\u0026hellip;\nThe world is evolving US small caps will rise since Fed cuts rates Look for emerging markets Shift from cash into fixed income Fed cuts rates -\u0026gt; cost of carry trade decline -\u0026gt; more returns in emerging fixed income Lower USD -\u0026gt; lower import prices -\u0026gt; lower inflation 5 cuts by the end of 2026 Risks:\nShort-term deposits and cash will fall Higher real interest rates, higher credit Opportunities:\nBullish Industrials, financials, small-caps Private players Weakening Main take: The decline of the dollar is not yet over.\nContributors to a weaker dollar:\nSoft labor market Shifting global portfolio flow Look for:\nEM debt Commodities, gold, precious metals Crypto Avoid:\nCrude Oil Long-term AI Privates Government Key Takeaways:\nAI AI is still early Energy, energy, energy Production Transmission Storage Privates A few investors, mostly institutional made first;\nBenefits;\nGoes mainstream.\nPrivates is still early, get in before it EMH took place.\nGovernment Key takeaways:\nTrade consititute ~30% of the global GDP as of 2024; Regionalization succeed globalization: North America, Euro, Asia. Look for:\nEU health care, alternative energy, EVs, chpis Keep in mind:\nLower returns in the long-run Risks and Summary Fed\u0026rsquo;s rate cut Cut: boosts equities, yields, fixed income No Cut: flat yield, boosts USD High inflation: weak stocks and bonds Geopolitics: global energy supplies Look for:\nUS fixed income EM, EU, US small-caps, US tech giants Private markets: real estate debt, infrastructure, private equity Be ware:\nGeopolitics Lost faith in free market as governments step in ","date":"2026-01-15T11:51:57+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/fraklin-templeton-2026-outlook/","title":"Fraklin Templeton 2026 Global Outlook"},{"content":" AI could drive the cost of expertise toward zero.\nGenerally, JPM is bluntly optimistic about AI. It\u0026rsquo;s still early and looks very promising.\nAI Revolution Bullet Points:\nAI is still gaining momentum. \u0026ldquo;We do not see a bubble to burst\u0026rdquo; Nest phase for AI is agentic AI AI investment is now about 1% of GDP, previous bubbles peaked at 2%-5%. How to know if these is a bubble, and why AI is not Key Takeaways:\nAI Supply \u0026lt; Demand while a bubble is the other way around AI is not overleveraged, whlie a bubble is the other way around AI has positive cash flow, while a bubble drains cash AI earnings justify growth, while a bubble does not JPM\u0026rsquo;s FOMO: \u0026ldquo;The biggest risk, to us, is not having exposure to this transformational technology.\u0026rdquo; The bottlenecks: Power, Water, and Data Privacy AI relied on data centers, data centers rely on, or abide by:\nPower: needs constant, reliable power supply. Look for renewables in the chain of generating, storing, transisting power. Cooling: Water Privacy consensus Look for builders, not users JPM\u0026rsquo;s 4 part strat:\nFocus on large-caps Dig deep into the AI supply chain: Power, Semiconductors(Not just chips, storages, disks, memories are all semiconductors), transistors, transformers, networking equipment, fiber and subsea cables, liquid cooling systems, mining, rare earths, land and water rights\u0026hellip; Pick AI winners: Pick the ones that can use AI to actually generate growth Go private: The gems are in the private market, which are mostly the direct enablers of AI: platforms, apps, ecosystems. These are the true drivers and main part of the next phase of growth. Good to knows:\nBusinesses are staying private longer. The \u0026ldquo;Mag 7\u0026rdquo; of private markets: OpenAI, SpaceX, Bytedance, Anthropic, Databricks, Reliance Retail, Stripe. App layer companies almost always contribute more growth than infrastructure in a tech innovation cycle. JPM\u0026rsquo;s take on our stand in this AI cycle: Phase 2: Infrastructure phase. JPM\u0026rsquo;s take on labor market: AI will disrupt, there\u0026rsquo;ll be pain, new players will press on the old. Geopolitics 3 Pillars of economy today:\nPost-Bretton Woods Dollar system Peace dividend post-war GLobalization From cheap to control US and China have been decoupling since 2018 China The big take:\nJPM\u0026rsquo;s is bearish on China.\nKey Takeaways:\nChina is exerting its geopolitical influence. \u0026ldquo;Foreign Direct Investment into China turned negative for the first time in decades.\u0026rdquo; Corporate earnings failed to rise along with exports. SEA become the largest export market in 2023 for China. JPM:\n\u0026ldquo;Over the last 3 years, more than 300 anti-dumping trade cases have been filed against China, up 3x from 10 years ago.\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;China\u0026rsquo;s pivot to other non-US trading partners may not be a bullish sign for all emerging markets.\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Privates\u0026hellip; have outperformed their benchmarks over the last decade and offer exposure to opportunities in India and Japan.\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;China investment thesisis\u0026hellip; may be narrow in scope but deep in potential.\u0026rdquo;\nGlossary:\nDumping: A producer exports a good to a foreign market and charges artificially low prices which pressure local producers and raise unemployment. Europen Defense Capex Takeaways:\nCheck German, Rheinmetall, Leonardo, Baykar South America Takeaways:\nSA owns many of the critical inputs the AI revolution relies on. 40% of global copper production and 38% of world reserves Chile produces 27% of global copper Peru boasts the world\u0026rsquo;s largest silver reserves Mexico is the largest silver producer, Chile and Argentina are #1 and #3 in the world in terms of economically extractable reserves Venezuela holds the world\u0026rsquo;s largest proven oil reserves Brazil is the dominant oil producer in Latin America and the second-largest producer and exporter of iron ore Brazil is a key exporter of agricultural commodities such as soybeans, coffee, sugar and beef, aluminum, nickel, and manganese Look for:\nLithium, copper, silver Railways, highways, Panama Canal, trade routes Green energy infrastructure, Brazil, Chile Energy In the know:\nEU banned Russian gas, purchase some 750 billion of US energy, Japan follows. Japan\u0026rsquo;s energy is expensive too. Dollar Dollar will remain the OS of global finance, it\u0026rsquo;s position is secure Since RU/UR war, global central banks bought record amounts of gold to hedge US dollar. Gold gained ATH 2025, it will likely still rally in 2026. Crypto is anoter challenger. Implications Look for:\nNorth American infrastrucure, utilities, industrials, logistics, power generation, semiconductors, critical minerals. Tactical opportunities in Chinese stocks Security and defense liquefied natural gas, renewables, grid modernization Regional alignment in critical sectors: semiconductors, data centers, energy, transportation Expect and prep for:\nHigher inflation Regieme shifting Increased volatility Gold and energy commodities as hedges Inflation AI, Geopolitics may directly impact your welath planning and portfoilo building.\nInflation\u0026rsquo;s impact is more subtle, more long-term.\nFixed income Bonds can hedge against equity drawdowns since their correlation decline Goods inflation in US will still trend upwards from tariffs Bond yields higher, solid 5% in 2025, look foraggregate bonds(Bloomberg US Aggregate Index) Inflation to hit 2.3% over the next decade Drivers of inflation I skipped it.\nRisks of rising debt Most countries debt-to-GDP ratio gone up post-pandemic. US is now at 120%.\nWorst housing affordability since the 80s.\nWhat to do about it Mitigate inflation risk, manage stock-bond correlation, add fixed income to portfolio, and buy:\nCommodities Global Infrastructure, global real estate 60/30/10(60 stocks, 30 bonds, 10 alternatives) wih 10% in alternatives of a portfolio is better than 60/40(60 stocks, 40 bonds) portfolio 70% of the time. The alternatives:\nMacro Hedge funds Diversified hedge funds Infrastructure Private equities EU large caps(high volatility) \u0026hellip; Search for that 10%.\n","date":"2026-01-14T13:57:28+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/jpms-outloook-for-2026/","title":"JPM's Outloook for 2026"},{"content":"Premise/preface/assumptions:\nNot decapitated. For anyone with a clear mind, who still gets the wills and wants to win any games in any universe. To win is to have balls. If you scared to death and can\u0026rsquo;t take any actions, you\u0026rsquo;re essentially lost it in you to win. Basically they\u0026rsquo;re the samething, mutually correlated.\nHow to win any game(my rules for winning):\nFollow my rules as follows. Never assume a thing, not even this post. Treat yourself like you\u0026rsquo;re a fetus still in your mom\u0026rsquo;s womb, ask if your shit is de facto what you put in your mouth an hour ago if you have to. Accept that you\u0026rsquo;re always in a game whether you like it or not, a game not yours. Try not to take it personal. Find out what it\u0026rsquo;s about of this game you\u0026rsquo;re in. Think hard, figure out. Know that a game can comes in all kinds of forms, shapes, and names. Know what does winning looks like in the game you set yourself into. You probably think this game is this and that in its first appearance, but your futureself will most likely telling you it\u0026rsquo;s not. Assuming you can live to see another day. Which takes us to\u0026hellip; Survive, survive, survive. Do whatever it takes to survive. Surviving IS winning. The longer you survive, the more you’ll know. The more you know, the more you\u0026rsquo;ll learn. The more you learn, the more you can compound. Any game is rigged, all games are rigged, as long as this game has rules. And as long as a shit has rules, it\u0026rsquo;s a game. Your definition for winning will most likely change meantime, if it\u0026rsquo;s not changing, you\u0026rsquo;re most likely not winning. If you have found your definition for winning and have set your goals, keep carrying it to your tomb. Don\u0026rsquo;t ask fucking stupid or wrong questions. I never ask fucking stupid or wrong questions, except for times I don\u0026rsquo;t know I did. Dream big and be brave to dream bigger and bigger and bigger. Don’t set any limits. Always believe in good. Have faith in good in the darkest times, even in a Gotham city ran by Satan, or in a timeline Hitler won the WW2. Never take anything for granted, even your life. From top to bottom, head to toe. Make conclusions on your own, not by others. Stay bored, be boring, make sure you’re bored and boring to hell, stay away from drama. Boring is good, boring is right, boring works. There’ll be no story if the story is boring. The story will get boring if it’s getting interesting, the story will get interesting if it’s getting boring. Stay bored and be boring, don’t miss a spot, don’t overlook, don’t be soft, don’t be evil, don\u0026rsquo;t be lazy, don\u0026rsquo;t be jealous, don\u0026rsquo;t be stupid, don\u0026rsquo;t be the one, don\u0026rsquo;t be greed, don\u0026rsquo;t give a shit, don\u0026rsquo;t react, don’t let things get interesting. Just relentlessness, coldness, and discipline. No stories will happen if you keep it boring, and if no stories happen, you’re winning. Don’t let stories happen, make yourself bored and your story boring to hell. Stay under the radar. You probably will make enemies or confuse people if you made sure you\u0026rsquo;re bored and your shit boring because if you made sure your pursuit for your goal(Your definition for winning) is boring to hell, people will start to notice, unanimously and inevitably, if you leaked them even a slightest sign. You can avoid this if you stay under the radar and never say a shit. Don’t give them the possibility to figure out on their own. Stay mute, stay anonymous, stay silent. Don\u0026rsquo;t celebrate when you know you\u0026rsquo;re winning, don\u0026rsquo;t cry when you\u0026rsquo;re losing, don\u0026rsquo;t act surprised when it\u0026rsquo;s surprising, don\u0026rsquo;t get surprised in the first place. The first rule of the Fight Club is not talking about Fight Club and you\u0026rsquo;re your own fight club. Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right, greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms—greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge—has marked the upward surge of mankind. Let things happen, see what happens. My definition for discipline is being responsible. I don\u0026rsquo;t care if you wake up at 5, eat specific shit at a specific time. Just get shit done. I don\u0026rsquo;t care if you finished it while you\u0026rsquo;re sleeping in a sewer on a winter night surrounded by booze, as long as you get it done, assuming you\u0026rsquo;re still able and willing in that situation. If you know you\u0026rsquo;re winning, say to yourself: \u0026ldquo;not yet\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;until it\u0026rsquo;s not\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;never again\u0026rdquo;, see what happens. If you\u0026rsquo;re reading, I know the rules are conflicting. Live 100 years, don\u0026rsquo;t assume shit, don\u0026rsquo;t take things for granted, don\u0026rsquo;t ask fucking stupid or wrong questions, don\u0026rsquo;t make conclusions on it\u0026rsquo;s first appearance. Believe, take mine, figure out how they all fit together, then make your own rules. To win you need to know how to take a loss and lose first. Glossaries:\nWin: Success. But fuck success, it\u0026rsquo;s for pussies.\nWinner: Not pussies. Who are able and willing. Who acts, takes risks, breaks down their walls and comes out. Who follow the rules, play along until they make their own rules and games.\nDo all in this post, I\u0026rsquo;m 99% sure you will win any game in any universe. Good luck, even though you will not need it.\nNot until I\u0026rsquo;m dead, I can\u0026rsquo;t surely say I\u0026rsquo;ve won, not yet. No one can.\n","date":"2026-01-07T22:48:29+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/how-to-win-any-game/","title":"How to Win ANY Game"},{"content":"Resources Book: Zero to Hero in Cryptocurrency Trading by Bodgan Vaida, 2023 Book\u0026rsquo;s Official Code Repo: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Zero-to-Hero-in-Cryptocurrency-Trading Book\u0026rsquo;s Colored Images as an official separate PDF: https://packt.link/pXrot All the links mentioned in the book: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Zero-to-Hero-in-Cryptocurrency-Trading/blob/main/LINKS.md Glossaries #glossary As usual, \u0026ldquo;TC\u0026rdquo; for transaction cost.\nChap 1: Intro Goal: Get an overview of:\nMarket Get your mindset right Author\u0026rsquo;s self-intro Get familiar with book\u0026rsquo;s strucutre Key points:\nAuthor did get some promising earnings using technical analysis. Inside trading is common When you like something, devote at least 12 hrs a day to that project. Author found a strat/technique by @EmperorBTC on Twitter. Author is hard-working, enthusiastic about crypto, did a lot of hardcore coding, reader, programmer, twitter, owner. Author likes to read, reading some 100ish books/year. More resources are found on Github. Demystify the market Test strats you found online with solid backtesting and reasoning. Most of the paid signals, strats, are not any better than retail traders, they are for the money from you, not the actual strat they developed. Why they work is because it\u0026rsquo;s the bull market. Do not overestimate the agencies, companies that solicit their profile, they are not any better than yourself. Often their bots do not work if you actually backtest. Or their bots do not account for tcs or slippages. You can actually find traders on platforms like TradingView, but always backtest and make sound decisions. Account for taxes, fees, tcs, slippages. Example: Terra Stablecoin Crash: https://www.forbes.com/sites/qai/2022/09/20/what-really-happened-to-luna-crypto/\nWhy traders fail and conclusions Higher probability to win is not Higher profit. Homo sapiens have echo chambers, no matter where. Be it YT, Tiktok, Twitters. Losers account the failing on themselves while seeing all the comments are promoting the idea. Backtest goes wrong. Always Ask: Frequency of the trades Volume/sizes of the trades Bull/bear market(market regimes) Overfitting/forward biases Paper tested/live tested Reproduce results Backtest does not promise future profits Outcome can be random Cognitive biases: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias#List_of_biases Before believing in something, understand behind-the-scenes, check premises, verify the results, then believe in it. Target moderately success, not like Bill Gates or Warren Buffett. Researching online is generalized, but when you see a doctor, the treatment is tailored for you. Don\u0026rsquo;t believe in get-rich-quick schemes. Chap 2 \u0026amp; Chap 3 : Basics and Patterns Goals:\nGet to know yourself Build your toolkit A first hands-on on candlesticks market regimes Candlesticks AKA K-lines AKA OHLC chart ![[Pasted image 20250630142832.png]]\nIncrypto, 1D candles = 24 1H candles\n#KIM Play with TradingView to understand how higher candles composed of lower candles.\nMarket influence factors:\nLarge funds: Large firms have quota on portfolios, sometimes they need to entry no matter how the price went. Speculators: Entries usually do not influence the price. HFTs, bots, algos and autos: Do 90% of the volume. Types of traders:\nScalpers: Day traders Short-terms intermediate/swings long-terms Delve into the micros of candles:\nComparing the ticks BTCUSD from Coinbase and Binance: ![[Pasted image 20250630150227.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250630150231.png]] These are the orders filled. Upper ticks meaning someone just sold high. Lower ticks meaning someone just bought low. And they are definitely not the same for different exchanges.\nFor instance, in CB, 30th June 02:59:21, there\u0026rsquo;s a huge up tick, while in Binance at almost same time, movement is smooth, not huge up or down ticks(For some reason, Binance 1-second level is moving actually 3-5 seconds, while Coinbase can be steadily fetched for fixed 1-second.)\nBased on the movements of the ticks, we have 3 types of markets:\nBull(Ups) Bear(Downs) Sideways(Ranging) #KIM You can’t usually identify the start of a bull market until you’re already in it.\nPlayground Observations: On 28th Jul 2022, after Fed conference, BTCUSD went up by 7.9%.\n#KIM #Extremely_important 5 commandments on patterns:\nThe story of the pattern is more important than the pattern. The story changes as the pattern develops. Every pattern instance has a random outcome.: The strat is profitable because of statistics, but because that particular trade is profitable. Seek confluence, not certainty: Seek convergence with other patterns to cross-examine the profitability of the strat to increase your win rate. There’s always a pattern you haven’t noticed: Bar Replay to practice pattern recognition skills. ![[Pasted image 20250701133634.png]]\n#KIM When price goes up, you can phrase it like:\nMore buyers than sellers; Bulls are in control; More demand than supply; Buyers are pushing the price up \u0026hellip; Candle patterns #KIM The game: Buy Low, Sell High; Borrow High, Sell Low\n![[Pasted image 20250701134740.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701135549.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701135705.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701140313.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701140551.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701141423.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701141514.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701141529.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701141615.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701141628.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701141941.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701142031.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701142138.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701142152.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701142248.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701142349.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701142517.png]] #KIM Ticks is the battlefield for bulls and bears.\n#KIM It\u0026rsquo;s not guaranteed that hammers are 100% bullish or shooting stars are 100% bearish.\n#KIM Usually the wick must be 2 times the candle body for the pattern to form.\nChart Patterns ![[Pasted image 20250701144155.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144222.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144239.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144251.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144311.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144320.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144334.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144345.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144407.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144418.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144456.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701144534.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701162419.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701162432.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701162604.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250701162613.png]]\nSupply and Demand Price \u0026amp; The Quantity Demanded is in an inverse relationship.\nThe law of demand Price goes up, Demand goes down. Price goes down, Demand goes down.\n3 Reasons for the law of demand:\nThe substitution effect, if mid-tier grows too much, high-tier becomes more affordable. The income effect: Price goes up, less people can afford them, price does down, more people can afford them. Law of diminishing marginal utility, check here 5 influencers for demand:\npreferences number of buyers price of related goods income expectations The law of supply Positive relationship between price and quantity supplied.\n5 influencers for supply:\nPrice of resources Technology Government involvement Number of sellers expectations Market Clearing Price When demand and supply are in equilibrium, the price will be market clearing price. Change in the price will impact both the demand and the supply. It\u0026rsquo;s called shortage.\nPrice is too low, demand \u0026gt; supply, the price will be forced to increase. Price is too high, demand \u0026lt; supply, the price will be force to decrease. It\u0026rsquo;s called surplus. In a free market, the price will reach equilibrium.\nForces that moves Bitcoin:\nRegulations Institutions Retail Investors Alt coins Adaptation and sentiment of crypto Hash algos that generate Bitcoins and the mining tech \u0026hellip; Support and Resistance Support: More demand, lack supply Resistance: Lack demand, more supply The longer the period is hold, the stronger support/resistance; When the period is broken, it becomes the opposite The higher the time frame, the stronger the support/resistance If price reacted to the previous area, those areas become stronger Chap 4 Technical Indicators You can basically categorize indicators into:\nTrend analysis Trend indicators Momentum Indicators Volatility Volume #KIM #Extremely_important Confirm prediction from at least 3 angles of these analysises.\nMoving averages ![[Pasted image 20250703184753.png]]\nRepainting In a longer time frame, MAs will be repainted until the close formalize. Thus:\n#KIM MA is a lagging indicator #KIM #Extremely_important you need to beat the market by quite a lot to be profitable, even with a fee that looks small(Considering 0.1%).\nChap 8 ATS ","date":"2025-06-30T12:00:00+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/zero-to-hero-in-crypto-trading/","title":"Notes on Zero to Hero in Cryptocurrency Trading"},{"content":"Resources Code: epchan.com/book Places to hunt for strat ideas:\nHBS: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/research/publications/Pages/default.aspx SSRN: https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/ NBER: https://www.nber.org/ Columbia: https://ieor.columbia.edu/ieor-research Quantpedia: https://quantpedia.com/ https://www.wealth-lab.com/ https://www.elitetrader.com/et/ http://epchan.blogspot.com/ https://moontowermeta.com/ https://www.thinknewfound.com/ https://chatwithtraders.com/ https://eranraviv.com/ http://www.sfomag.com/ http://finance.yahoo.com https://Sharadar.com https://Algoseek.com http://csidata.com http://crsp.com Generally,\nLook for business schools and their researchs; Financial sites and blogs; Trader society, forums, communities; Twitter and other social media of interest. Into the Quant-verse, a generalized step-by-step guide find strategy backtest strategy setup deployment infrastructure build auto-trading bot risk and money management Chap 1 The Mindset Key Principles: No Daydreams. This is a skill that need as much skills as any other tasks in life. Make every thing as simple as possible, but not simpler. Don\u0026rsquo;t trade your life savings Quant trading, a.k.a. algo trading, is to execute buy/sell using algorithms.\nTechnical Analysis can have some cross sets with algo trading if the analysis can be quantified.\n#KIM:\nQuant scales up. Don\u0026rsquo;t delude into overnight riches. Running small businesses, any small businesses, beyond quant, need you to put a lot of time into it initially. Always have a bigger picture about life-and-work balance, meaning, know-hows about quant\u0026rsquo;s life. The scope of this book. The more regularly you want to realize profits, the shorter the holding periods should be. There are mini-futures backed on the standard futures. Don\u0026rsquo;t let emotion get in the way and mess-up your strategy. Algo trading is a progressive, not a once-and-for-all or built-and-forget business. Characteristics for winning strategies Fit your working hours Fit your programming skill Fit your trading capital Fit your goal The more regularly you want to realize profit and gen-income, the shorter the holding period. Check benchmarks Sharpe ratio \u0026gt;= 1 is a minimum, \u0026gt;= 2 if for monthly profit. Small and short drawdowns. Prevent biases: #KIM For small-cap securities, your own order can have market impact to drive/draw the price up/down. If backtesting against index or combos of underlying assets, survivorship-bias is a must-to-avoid. #KIM There are no \u0026ldquo;super-model\u0026rdquo; that one-to-rule-them-all. The more rules, more parameters, the more likely it will suffer from data-snooping bias. Simple models are the often the ones that will stand the test of time. Has a niche and specific edge against the market/institutions. You should look for those strategies that fly under the radar of most institutional investors, for example, strategies that have very low capacities because they trade too often, strategies that trade very few stocks every day, or strategies that have very infrequent positions (such as some seasonal trades in commodity futures described in Chapter 7). Those niches are the ones that are likely to still be profitable because they have not yet been completely arbitraged away by the gigantic hedge funds.\n![[Pasted image 20250612200245.png]]\nChapter 3 Backtesting Skip for the codes that downloads data, compute sharpe ratio and drawdowns analysis.\nLook-ahead bias What is it: \u0026ldquo;Using a strategy that implicitly uses some premises that could never be accomplished in live trading.\u0026rdquo;\nE.g.:\n\u0026ldquo;Buy stock within 1 percent of day\u0026rsquo;s low.\u0026rdquo;\nDuring BACKTESTING, all historical data are retrieved in-place, that\u0026rsquo;s why look-ahead bias could happen in the first place. And if I have a strategy that \u0026ldquo;buy when the stock is within 1 percent of the day\u0026rsquo;s low\u0026rdquo;, it could work on historical data because it\u0026rsquo;s de-facto historical and historical data is fixed and already present. In real life, you could only know day\u0026rsquo;s low so far, you can determine if it\u0026rsquo;s de facto day\u0026rsquo;s low before market closes.\nLet\u0026rsquo;s confirm each point:\n\u0026ldquo;During BACKTESTING, all historical data are retrieved in-place, that\u0026rsquo;s why look-ahead bias could happen in the first place.\u0026rdquo;\nAbsolutely correct. When you download a historical dataset, it\u0026rsquo;s often a complete table (e.g., date, open, high, low, close for that day). The \u0026ldquo;day\u0026rsquo;s low\u0026rdquo; column for January 1st is there from the start. Your backtesting code might simply read this column without considering when that \u0026ldquo;low\u0026rdquo; value actually became known during January 1st. This completeness of historical data is precisely what creates the potential for look-ahead bias. \u0026ldquo;And if I have a strategy that \u0026lsquo;buy when the stock is within 1 percent of the day\u0026rsquo;s low\u0026rsquo;, it could work on historical data because it\u0026rsquo;s de-facto historical and historical data is fixed.\u0026rdquo;\nPrecisely. When you run your backtest on historical data, the strategy will find instances where \u0026ldquo;buy when the stock is within 1 percent of the day\u0026rsquo;s low\u0026rdquo; appears to have worked perfectly, because the \u0026ldquo;day\u0026rsquo;s low\u0026rdquo; value for each day is already present and fixed in your historical dataset. Your strategy is effectively given the answer key for each day\u0026rsquo;s low. \u0026ldquo;In real life, you could never know day\u0026rsquo;s low within trading hours.\u0026rdquo;\n100% correct. This is the crucial distinction. In live trading, you only know the day\u0026rsquo;s low so far. The actual, final \u0026ldquo;day\u0026rsquo;s low\u0026rdquo; is not finalized until the market closes. If your strategy relied on that final value, you would have to wait until after hours to make a trade decision for that day, which defeats the purpose of an intraday strategy. You\u0026rsquo;ve captured the essence of look-ahead bias: it\u0026rsquo;s a fundamental flaw in your backtesting methodology that causes your historical performance to be artificially inflated by implicitly using information that wouldn\u0026rsquo;t have been available at the moment of a real-time decision.\nData-snooping bias Chan\u0026rsquo;s way of saying \u0026ldquo;overfitting\u0026rdquo;.\nStrategy Refinement #KIM :\nRefining strategies without inducing biases and remain simple is more of an art than a science. Whatever changes you made to improve performance on the training set must also improve on the test set. The more known a strategy is, the less edge it will likely to have. Often possible to induce minor variations to boost performance of a strategy. Here\u0026rsquo;s are some common ways and configs: Exclude pharmaceutical stocks. Exclude ones that have pending merger/acquisition deals. Tweak entry/exit timing. Tweak frequency of trades. Check a variety of assets. Often small-caps maybe more profitable. Tweaks best to be based on fundamental economics or well-studied market phenomenon, instead of being arbitrary. Strategies are never guaranteed to work in real life. It can be impossible to avoid some biases or pitfalls, it\u0026rsquo;s okay to skip a few precautions. Adapt. Sometimes the edge or the mistake need to take days, if not months to emerge. Goal:\nSync future performance to its past performance. Chap4: Trading as Retail VS Joint Firm Retail VS Joint #glossary Referring \u0026ldquo;Retail Traders\u0026rdquo; as \u0026ldquo;retailers\u0026rdquo; from now on.\n#KIM :\nRetailers\u0026rsquo; leverage are limited by SEC Regulation T, roughly 2 times your equity(Mine is about 4 in IBKR.) All P/L will accrue to retailer. Can join a proprietary trading firm to obtain much higher leverage, still using one\u0026rsquo;s own capital, but with limited liability, tho profits might be capped to some percent. Such as Bright Trading. Need to pass FINRA exam tho. 3 ways to incorporate trading: Retail Firm By joining; Establish one yourself. How to choose a broker/prop firm: commission rate execution price range of products API or not paper trading or not reputation and financial strength strong balance sheet risk management Best to be regulated under SEC. Check on FINRA\u0026rsquo;s official website: https://brokercheck.finra.org You can opt to open multiple accounts, whether with retail account or prop account. You can be a member of multiple prop firms. Tangible Infrastructure: High Internet Good PC Uninterrupted Power Supply Live newsfeed(optional) VPS(optional) Minitors(hook up to see VPS portfolios, etc. optional) Chap 5 Execution System An automated trading system will retrieve up-to-date market data from your brokerage or other data vendors, run a trading algorithm to generate orders, and submit those orders to your brokerage for execution.\nApproaches:\nFully auto Semi-auto Often need some non-price data, like dividends, earnings report, earning announcements, etc. Data sources(Must reflect most recent data): broker quant trading platform; data vendor\u0026rsquo;s API Semi-auto system: ![[Pasted image 20250625182843.png]]\n#kim Some upsides/downsides, and things to remember:\nHave full access to broker\u0026rsquo;s historical/live data. You can sanity-check with semi-auto system before order submission. Fully auto system minimize human errors and delays. Full-auto system: ![[Pasted image 20250625183935.png]]\n#glossary :\nReferring \u0026ldquo;prop\u0026rdquo; as proprietary from now on. Referring \u0026ldquo;strategy\u0026rdquo;(ies) as \u0026ldquo;strat\u0026rdquo;(s) from now on. Referring to \u0026ldquo;transaction costs\u0026rdquo; as \u0026ldquo;tc\u0026rdquo; from now on. Referring to \u0026ldquo;automated trading system\u0026rdquo; as \u0026ldquo;ATS\u0026rdquo; from now on. #kim :\nHTTP GET/POST requests are slower than RESTful API. Mathematically complex strats are difficult to backtest on prop systems like TradeStation. You don\u0026rsquo;t have to recreate the wheel yourself, there\u0026rsquo;re programming consultants available. IBKR is one example. Feed range from 50$hour to a fixed 1000-5000 $ fee. Elitetrader.com has also such service. Last resort, upwork.com and alike has freelance programmers. To prevent confidential risk: Sign NDA, but who knows; Most strats are well-exploited already. If your trading capacity outnumber your indie programmer, his/her impact can be minimal; Hire different programmers to build different parts of the system. Some insider info: Institutions typically does not trade any stocks lower than 5$. So, liquidity goes low, higher bid-ask spread, higher commission cost, higher liquidity cost. Ways to minimize tc: Trade stocks higher than 5$; Limit the size of the orders, generally, each order should not exceed 1% of the asset\u0026rsquo;s average daily volume. to preserve diversification in a portfolio and to minimize market impact, based on the liquidity principle, there are two rules, the governor portfolios, and order size: the largest market cap equity in a portfolio should not be over 10 times the smallest market cap equity. Always paper trading if you built an ATS. Goals of paper trading with an ATS:s Up and running; execute trades compare paper traits and profit and loss with radical results from back testing tweak and config timing issues of your ATS obtain insights on P\u0026amp;L, volatility, capital portfolio size and trade frequency, etc. of you strat. reduce operational issues; reduce biases in the system Compare execution costs; observe market impact. adapt your strat to the regime. Some examples that illustrates the dramatic impact of regime shifting:\nsince April 9, 2001 all US stocks have been quoted in decimals render what was then statistical arbitrage strategies unprofitable. Read more on this elsewhere(technical) the SEC updated the rules for shorting stocks in February 2010(regulatory). More on regime shifts on Chap 7.\nsATS VS ATS:\nsATS: Upload order file gened by sATS to the sATS. ATS: auto upload data and transmit orders throughout trading day(s). After sATS/ATS is built, focus on minimizing TC and paper trading.\nWhen live trading underperform backtest:\nDebugging Reduce TC Tweak and config strat Chap 6: Money and Risk Management Optimal leverage Read more on leverage notes at:https://www.notion.so/On-Leverage-21d014f3b2ee80b0b335e9a7753e740e?source=copy_link\n#glossary :\nReferring to \u0026ldquo;drawdowns\u0026rdquo; as \u0026ldquo;dd\u0026rdquo; from now on. #KIM:\nAll strats suffer from dds ranging from days to years. Kelly can be used to: Determine the optimal allocation of capital; Determine optimal leverage; Risk management Goal of money and risk management:\nManage the risks in a way that limits your dds to a tolerable level and yet be positioned to use optimal leverage of your equity to achieve max possible growth. If you have multiple strats, find a way to optimally allocate capital to maximize overall risk-adjusted return. Chan follows Thorp.E.\u0026rsquo;s approach to build optimal allocation for a portfolio on securities. But for Chan\u0026rsquo;s, it\u0026rsquo;s a portfolio of strats.\nGoal for portfolio optimization: maximize long-term wealth; meaning:\nMaximizing the long-term log growth rate of the portfolio.\nWhich meaning:\nAvoid the probability of liquidation to zero at all costs.\nIf the probability of liquidation to zero(or below) is non-zero, the long-term wealth is surely liquidated.\nAssumptions here for portfolio optimization #KIM:\nReinvest all the profits, thus achieving log-returns. The probability distribution of the returns of each of the trading strat is Gaussian, with a fixed mean and std_dev.(Gaussian distribution, normal distribution) The approach: $$ \\begin{align*} F^=(f_1^,f_2^,\u0026hellip;,f_n^)^T\\\\ F^=C^{-1}M \\end{align} $$ Notations:\n$F/f$: The optimal fraction of the equity. $T$: Transpose. $C$: covariance matrix such that matrix element $C_{ij}$ is the covariance of the returns of the $i^{th}$ and $j^{th}$ strategies, $-1$ indicates matrix inverse. $M=(m_1,m_2,\u0026hellip;,m_n)^T$ is the column vector of mean returns of the strats. #KIM :\nThe returns to this point are one-period, simple(non-log/non-compound), unlevered. Kelly formula:\n$$ f_i=\\frac{m_i}{s_i^2} $$\nNotation:\n$f_i$: Optimal leverage/fraction. $m_i$: excess return, given by $u_p-r_f$, In which: $u_p$: Utility rate, which usually given by the return rate of an underlying asset for a given period. $r_f$: risk-free rate. In most ideal context, it\u0026rsquo;s $0$, for piggy bank. Or $4$ percent, based on US.Treasury 10 year bond. $s_i^2$: Sharpe ratio to the power of 2. #KIM :\nFact: geometric mean of a set of numbers is always smaller than the arithmetic mean. #Extremely_important: Risk ALWAYS decreases long-term growth rate. Retail trading accounts often be capped with a leverage either 2 or 4. $BuyingPower=AccountEquity*L$ The same works for portfolio if optimal fraction is needed for each equity in a portfolio. In case your leverage $L$ is capped to 2 or 4, the fraction $f_i$ of each strat is given by(reduce the overall leverage):\n$$ \\begin{align*} f_i^{capped} = \\\\ f_i^{uncapped}\\frac{L}{OveralUncappedL}=\\\\ f_i^{uncapped}\\frac {L}{(|f_1|+|f_2|+\u0026hellip;+|f_n|)}=\\\\ f_i^{uncapped}\\frac{L}{\\sum^1_n{f_n}}\\\\ \\end{align*} $$\nThus, the total fraction would be:\n$$ F^*=\\sum^1_n{f_n^{capped}}=L $$ Where $L$ should not exceed the Max Leverage set by your broker.\nMax log growth rate:\n$$ g = r + \\frac {S^2}{2} $$\nNotation:\n$S$: Sharpe ratio of your portfolio. $g$: log-growth $r$: risk-free rate. More notes on leverages here: https://www.notion.so/On-Leverage-21d014f3b2ee80b0b335e9a7753e740e?source=copy_link.\n#kim:\nAt the end of the trading day, ATS should update: trailing mean return standard deviation(volatility) equity(capital) portfolio size It\u0026rsquo;s always safer to have a leverage below full Kelly. The frequency of the update depends on the holding period of the strat. For a daily holding period, generally consider a 6-month lookback period to update. Risk management Examples to illustrate how risk management is:\nAugust 2007 crisis not only hit hard on stock markets, real estates, but also hedge funds. This is called \u0026ldquo;financial contagion\u0026rdquo; effect. In 2021, GME short squeeze caused Melvin Capital more than halved, it disclosed to defunct at 2022. Read more on financial contagion here\nIn simple terms, a large loss by one hedge fund causes it to sell off some large positions, if other hedge funds holding similar positions, they sell it too, and the chain goes on.\nMarket risks:\n#KIM Generally, practitioners opt for half-kelly to induce a smaller size of the selling when disaster happen.\n#KIM Sometimes even half-kelly is too aggressive, since the model based on many assumptions and premises that might be deviating from reality(Probability distribution of returns is Gaussian, etc.) Fat tails, or \u0026ldquo;black swans\u0026rdquo; can render huge impact on P\u0026amp;L.\n#KIM Ask yourself, what\u0026rsquo;s the max one-period drawdown you are willing to suffer, and divide that by the max historical one-period loss, that\u0026rsquo;s the optimal leverage.\n#KIM At a catastrophic event, prices go discontinuously, even with stop loss orders, the orders will be filled at much worse price.\nSpecific Risks:\n#KIM If prices reflect on news or fundamental reasons(earnings, revenues, etc.), the price will go the a new equilibrium price. If not, the price goes drastically without any apparent reasons, likely the large holders are liquidating large positions.\nModel Risks:\nBiases Regime Shifts Too exploited by other traders #KIM Duplicate results by someone else to validate your model. Reduce leverages for model risks, eventually the start might be shutdown. Natural/Physical Risks:\nInternet down; Power down; \u0026hellip; Psychological Risk:\nYou want to mess up your ATS. Endowment Effect: Demand much more to give up than to acquire Status quo bias: Hold on to a losing position for too long with no rational reason Loss Aversion: Leaving a profitable position too soon. The pain from losing profits outweighs the pleasure from gaining higher profits.(Read more on Daniel, 2011, Thinking Fast and Slow) Mean reversion: Wait for loss to be smaller before they exit. Rep Bias: Factor too much on recent exp or events rather than long-term average. Despair: Your strat is ongoing a prolonged, major drawdown. Update Kellys and equities. Both liquidation and putting more positions are irrational. Greed: A strat runs well and profit-gen well, you want to double the leverage. Keep discipline and stick to the ATS, have respect in black swans. #KIM In the quant world, there are no strat1.0, 2.0, 3.0s, every strat is discrete and independent, even tough you just modified the risk-free rate to 0.02.\n#KIM #Extremely_important Keep the size of your portfolio under control at all times. Keep discipline.\nMore examples to awe and respect the black swans and disciplines:\nLong-Term Capital Management in 2000 Amaranth Advisors in 2006(caused by individual named Brian Hunter, overleveraging). Read more here. #KIM #Extremely_important Start with a small portfolio and gradually gain psychological preparedness, discipline and confidence. #KIM #Extremely_important You need to train/test yourself as well as your strat. Train/test your preparedness, discipline and confidence. #KIM #Extremely_important It\u0026rsquo;s helpful to have other sources of income.\nChap 7 More Insights from within the industry Goals:\nGain more insights; Derive exit strat; Answer: Higher leverages V.S. Higher-beta? 2 categories of starts:\nmean-reverting momentum slow diffusion of earnings(whether good or bad) continuous execution of large orders(private equity) crowd behavior(essentially noone has all the information to make decisions, everyone relies on somebody else. Cointegration V.S. Correlation for statistical arbitrage #KIM Stationary cointegrals are the best candidates for mean-reverting strat, but not necessarily.\n#KIM Correlation is that two stocks will likely to move in the same direction.\n#KIM Where to find stationary cointegral pairs for statistical arbitrage:\nStocks(KO VS PEP) Cross forex: CADAUD/AUDCAD Futures(Long-term and short-term contracts) Fixed-income Factor Models Denote excess return as $R$, let $R$ be such that:\n$$ R = Xb+\\mu $$ In which:\n$X$: $N\\times F$ matrix of factors(factor loadings); $b$: $F$ vector of factor returns; $\\mu$: $N$ vector of specific returns; So, $R$ can also be denoted as:\n$$ R = ({N}\\times{F})F+N $$ #glossary Potential factors for a factor model:\nfactor exposure factor return specific return time-series factors hedge portfolios: long/short beta: Volatility sentivity P/E ratio: price to earnings ratio ROE To generalize, you can find factors from:\neconomics(Values); fundamentals(P/Es, ROEs, Balance Sheets, etc.); technicals(Previous period\u0026rsquo;s returns); statistical(Historical returns) #KIM Example: Fama-French Three-Factor model (Fama and French, 1992)\n#KIM WML factor: a momentum factor that measures the return of a hedge portfolio that longs stocks that previously had positive returns and short stocks that previously had negative returns\n#KIM Baseground to check your factor models against: the R2 statistic of a good factor model with monthly returns of 1,000 stocks and 50 factors is typically about 30 to 40 percent\nWhat are factor models for:\nCheck whether factors exhibit correlation with stock\u0026rsquo;s return; Determine how good are your assumptions for the next time period(how does regression fit) Based on above, predict excess returns Places to get factors data:\nhttp://spgglobal.com/marketintelligence http://www.compustat.com http://www.msci.com http://sharadar.com #KIM Factor returns must have momentum to make factor models to work.\nExit Strat Exit strat usually, if not always based on:\nFixed holding period(being the default of ANY model); Profit cap; Latest entry signals; Stop price(loss cap) #KIM Momentum has a finite lifespan. Can usually be discovered through backtest. As the edge is slowly diffusing by the market, the optimal holding period slowly diminishes.\n#KIM Momentum strats that depend on news or events are definitely to decrease holding period.\n#KIM E. Chan is constantly promoting mean-reverting strats, AKA long/short portfolios.\nDenote the mean-reverting spread of the time-series long/short portfolio as $z(t)$, then:\n$$ dz(t)=-\\theta(z(t)-\\mu)dt+dW $$ In which:\n$\\theta$: target $\\theta$, find by regression $\\mu$: mean value of the spread($z(t)$) over time $dW$: Random Gaussian noise Solving the equation, we get:\n$z(t)$ exponentially decay to $\\mu$ half-life of the decay is $ln(2)/\\theta$: the expected time it takes for the spread to revert to half its initial deviation from the mean Basically, we are to find this half-life to be as our holding period for mean-reverting position.\nThus, the exit strat in this scenario can be based on:\n$ln(2)/\\theta$: The half-life, exit at the end of holding period; $\\mu$: The mean-value of the spread, a ready target price, exit when $\\mu$ is met. #KIM Again, E. Chan does not recommend exit by stop loss \u0026amp; assessment by momentum.\nSeasonal strat: Calendar effect Applicable assetes:\nEquities The edge is becoming diminishing. But good to know. Commodity Futures Example: A common strat called \u0026ldquo;Jan Effect\u0026rdquo;.\nVer 1.0 of Jan Effect: Worst loser of the previous calendar year will yield more than the winners of the previous year(small-caps only.)(To be exercised.) Example: Seasonal Strat: long the stock that performed the best at the same month year(s) earlier and short stocks that performed worst same month year(s) earlier\n#KIM seasonal strategies might work better at commodity futures since the driving factor is more real economic needs rather than speculations.\nExample: Petro(gas) futures seasonal strat: Buy the gas future that expire in May near the middle of April, and sell it by the end of April.(Natural Gas too.)\n#KIM Try different entry and exit dates to see if the profitability holds up.\nHFT(High frequency trading) Go for HFT is aiming for high Sharpe.\n#KIM In the industry, HFT might refer to holdings of positions less than a few seconds.\n#KIM Early HFT\u0026rsquo;s were applied to the Forex and then later to futures due to an abundance of liquidity, then to equity market.\n#KIM More on HFT:\nHigh-Frequency Trading (HFT) Definition: The author defines HFT as any strategy that doesn\u0026rsquo;t hold positions overnight, contrasting with stricter definitions that require holding for just a few seconds. Sharpe Ratio Advantage: HFT strategies achieve superior Sharpe ratios due to the \u0026ldquo;law of large numbers,\u0026rdquo; allowing for many small bets that minimize deviation from the mean return, thus enhancing risk-adjusted performance. Profitability of HFT Strategies: These strategies exploit market inefficiencies or provide liquidity, often resulting in consistent daily profits. Risk Management and Stability: HFT strategies are less prone to sudden drastic losses because they involve small trade sizes and can quickly deleverage or halt trading during adverse conditions, unlike longer-term strategies. Challenges in Implementing HFT: The passage emphasizes that backtesting HFT strategies is complex due to high transaction costs and the need for detailed data. Execution speed and infrastructure are critical, making it challenging for independent traders to achieve success in HFT without significant expertise and resources. High-leverage VS High Beta #KIM Two ways to increase return of a portfolio:\nBy high leverages By high betas #KIM market is chronically underpricing beta stocks. Rather than just aim for high-beta, the optimal approach is to opt for low-beta portfolio then leverage up, to achieve the same/converging result of just a high-beta portfolio.\n#KIM Risk-parity: allocate capital such that each asset class contributes equally to the total portfolio risk.\nConclusions #KIM Summary:\nThis book is in most part about statistical arbitrage, not momentum strategies. mean-reverting regimes are more common than trending ones. Momentums are usually triggered by slow-diffusion of news and events, large liquidation, or herdlike behavior. Competition of traders will diminish the edge of an statistical arbitrage strat, as well as the holding period. Strat parameters can be optimized using CPO. Stationary price pairs are ideal for mean-reversing strat. Two or more nonstationaries can form stationary if they cointegrate. Cointegration is not correlation. Factor models are used for modeling how they affect returns linearly. Fama-French 3-factor model Factor models typically have a relatively long holding period long drawdowns due to regime switches exit signal should be created differently for me revision versus momentum strategies stop loss can be suitable for momentum strategies, but not reversal strategies the edge of seasonal trading strategies are diminishing hFT\u0026rsquo;s rely on the law of large numbers and are more difficult to back test and require more resources holding a highly leverage portfolio of low beta stacks should generate higher long-term compounding growth than holding an unleveraged portfolio of high beta stocks #KIM #Extremely_important whether statistical arbitrages are profitable or not is more of an issue of where and when then whether they\u0026rsquo;re correct. ","date":"2025-06-12T12:00:00+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/quant-trading-by-ernest-chan/","title":"Notes on Quantitative Trading by Ernest Chan"},{"content":"Book: Algorithmic Trading With Interactive Brokers: Python and C++\nResources Terms, Glossary, Notations\u0026hellip; Refer to this Notion Note\nBefore Diving In #KIM :\nCan safely skip all sections with C++ You don\u0026rsquo;t have to know/trade every instrument. Chapters Chap 1: Fun Facts #KIM Fun Facts:\nMichael Lewis developed an algorithmic method of recruiting players. And pumped the winning rate of the team in the World Series in 2013. Read more on MoneyBall. Thomas Peterffy programmed the world\u0026rsquo;s first algorithm to read NASDAQ prices and place trades in 1987. NASDAQ banned him, but he won at the end anyways. He\u0026rsquo;s the founder of IBKR. Things about fees(Normally opt for tiered pricing): Tiered Pricing usually consists: Commision per share Minimum per order Maximum per order Fixed Pricing usually consists: Base fee Minimum fee per order Maximum fee per order TWS V.S. APIs Web API Client Portal Gateway(CPG) TWS API(Main Gateway) TWS Desktop IB Gateway FIX API TWS API, the actual Python Wrapper IBKR\u0026rsquo;s Client Portal is a web-based, simplified user interface.\nChap 2 TWS: A first glance TWS Getting Started #KIM Best Practices:\nTrain using paper account. Get familiar with GUI. Order/Instruments Types Limit Orders Stop Orders: Buy Stop Sell Stop Trailing Stop(Trail the price using a fixed offset or a percentage) Shot Sell/Short Bonds Treasuries Corporate Bonds #glossary Maturity #glossary Face Value/Par Value/Par #glossary Discount #glossary Premium #glossary Coupon Payment #glossary Coupon Rate #glossary Current Yield #glossary Yield to Maturity/YTM #glossary Credit Moody\u0026rsquo;s S\u0026amp;P\u0026rsquo;s Fitch Ratings: AAA/AA+/AA/AA-/A+/A/A-/BBB+/BBB+/BBB- #glossary Convertible #glossary Callable #glossary Putable #glossary CUSIP #KIM \u0026gt; With TWS, traders can specify whether the stop price should trail the security\u0026rsquo;s price using a fixed offset or a percentage.\nChap 3 Stock Options First, #glossary :\nForward Contracts Futures Contracts Options Premium: The price of the option. Expiration Exercising Assignment Strike Price: Calls and Puts Call(Longing Orientated): The RIGHT to buy at the strike price for the OWNER. Buying the right to buy Selling the right to sell Put(Shorting Orientated): The RIGHT to sell at the strike price for the OWNER. Buying the right to sell Selling the right to sell Swaps Call\u0026rsquo;s formula $$ Profit = (Sell Price - Strike Price)-Premium $$ $$ Breakeven = Strike Price + Premium $$\nPut\u0026rsquo;s Formula $$ profit = (strikeprice - buyprice)-premium $$ $$ breakeven=strikeprice-premium $$ #KIM\nAll options expire at 4:00PM Eastern Time(New York) on the third Friday of the expiration month. Weekly options are released on Thursday and expire the following Friday. Weeklys has lower premium. Can enable traders make decisions for short-term. Every monthly option is assigned to one the 3 cycles: \u0026ldquo;Jan\u0026rdquo;:1,4,7,10 \u0026ldquo;Feb\u0026rdquo;:2,5,8,11 \u0026ldquo;March\u0026quot;3,6,9,12 Possible expired month starting at month $x$: $x$,$x+1$,$next\\ two\\ months\\ in\\ que\\ in\\ cycle$. LEAPS expire in more than 1 year(Mostly in 2 years.). higher premium less risky long-term Bid: Buying price Ask: Selling Price Chap 5 Futures Skip due to insufficient trading permission in IBKR.\nChap 6 Into the IBKR API Glossary TWS: TWS Desktop or IB Gateway.\nMost fundamental classes from ibapi: EClient and EWrapper\nSockets All connections to TWS are made through sockets.\nClasses #KIM Noteworthies:\nClient Class: EClient $\\cup$ EWrapper Instances of client classes and their wrappers Methods most named like: reqXYZ()\u0026hellip; Chap 7 Contracts and Orders #KIM :\nAs the name implies, Contract()s are de facto contacts in business, it defines the underlying asset, order type, currency, quantity, etc. As the name implies, Order()s are to put Contract()s in action(buy/sell). What is SMART routing: IBKR\u0026rsquo;s middle relay to trade your orders among the exchanges, from nation wide to potentially worldwide. Best Practices:\nCreate a cheat sheet with all the fundamental methods, Contracts in IBKR consists:\nMust-have arguments; Optional arguments; Derivative specific arguments Must-haves are:\nTicker symbol as symbol Security Type as secType STK BOND IND FUND OPT FUT CASH NEWS Currency currency Exchange exchange Useful Methods #KIM :\nEClient calls a callback from EWrapper generalized: client.reqXYZ -\u0026gt; EWrapper.XYZ. But usually we define classes that combine both EClient and EWrapper, so code usually unifies client and wrapper. Of all sorts of ids, name it reqId, Order ID, Contract ID, conId\u0026hellip; IBKR takes id handling very seriously and I like this rigid approach. Every tangible object associated with ibapi has an id reqContractDetails Client\u0026rsquo;s Call:\ntwsapi_class.contractDetails(int reqId, ContractDetails contractDetails) Order() Arguments:\naction totalQuantity orderType reqMatchingSymbols twsapi_class.reqMatchingSymbols(int reqId, string pattern) Noteworthy methods, functions\u0026hellip; placeOrder(orderId, contract, order) openOrder reqIds reqExecutions reqPositions reqAccountSummary orderStatus Request order status:\nreqOpenOrders() reqAllOpenOrders() reqAutoOpenOrders(bool bind) #KIM : ","date":"2025-05-15T12:00:00+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/awibkr/","title":"Notes on Algorithmic Trading with Interactive Brokers"},{"content":"Summary Log returns, defined as\n$$\nRlog⁡=ln⁡ ⁣(PtPt−1),R_{\\log} = \\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_t}{P_{t-1}}\\bigr),\n$$\nare exactly the continuously compounded returns for an asset over the period from t−1t-1 to tt, since they arise as the limit of discrete compounding when the compounding frequency goes to infinity . In practice, this means that if you reinvest gains instantaneously at every moment, the growth factor is\n$$\nPt=Pt−1 eRlog⁡,P_t = P_{t-1},e^{R_{\\log}},\n$$\nand hence the log return Rlog⁡R_{\\log} is the natural rate that delivers the observed price change under continuous compounding . Moreover, log returns coincide with the “force of interest” or instantaneous rate of growth, enjoy time‑additivity (so multi‑period log returns simply sum), and yield symmetric treatment of gains and losses .\n1. Simple vs. Continuously Compounded Returns 1.1 Simple (Discrete) Return Definition: The simple (or holding‑period) return RR for a single period is $$\nR=Pt−Pt−1Pt−1,R = \\frac{P_t - P_{t-1}}{P_{t-1}},\n$$\nwhere Pt−1P_{t-1} and PtP_t are the asset prices at the beginning and end of the period, respectively .\nDiscrete Compounding: If interest or returns are reinvested mm times per year at a nominal rate rr, the accumulation over one year is $$\n(1+rm)m,(1 + \\tfrac{r}{m})^m,\n$$\nconverging to continuous compounding as m→∞m \\to \\infty .\n1.2 Continuously Compounded Return (Log Return) Definition: The continuously compounded return (also called the log return or force of interest) is $$\nRlog⁡=ln⁡ ⁣(PtPt−1),R_{\\log} = \\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_t}{P_{t-1}}\\bigr),\n$$\nwhich directly measures the instantaneous rate that transforms Pt−1P_{t-1} into PtP_t under continuous compounding .\nAccumulation Relation: Under continuous compounding, if the constant rate is rlog⁡r_{\\log}, then $$\nPt=Pt−1 e rlog⁡Δt⟹rlog⁡=1Δtln⁡ ⁣(PtPt−1)P_t = P_{t-1} , e^{,r_{\\log} \\Delta t}\n\\quad\\Longrightarrow\\quad\nr_{\\log} = \\tfrac{1}{\\Delta t}\\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_t}{P_{t-1}}\\bigr)\n$$\n.\n2. From Discrete to Continuous: The Limit Argument Consider discrete compounding over one period t=1t=1 with rate rr and subperiods mm:\n$$\n(1+rm)m →m→∞ er.\\bigl(1 + \\tfrac{r}{m}\\bigr)^{m}\n;\\xrightarrow[m\\to\\infty]{};\ne^{r}.\n$$\nHence, if you observe a total simple return RR in one period, the equivalent continuous rate rlog⁡r_{\\log} satisfying erlog⁡=1+Re^{r_{\\log}} = 1+R is\n$$\nrlog⁡=ln⁡(1+R).r_{\\log} = \\ln(1 + R).\n$$\nApplied to prices,\n$$\nR=PtPt−1−1⟹Rlog⁡=ln⁡ ⁣(1+R)=ln⁡ ⁣(PtPt−1).R = \\frac{P_t}{P_{t-1}} - 1\n\\quad\\Longrightarrow\\quad\nR_{\\log} = \\ln!\\bigl(1 + R\\bigr) = \\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_t}{P_{t-1}}\\bigr).\n$$\nThis limit is the mathematical foundation of why log returns are continuously compounded returns . 3. Interpretation as the “Force of Interest” Force of Interest: In actuarial science, the instantaneous “force of interest” δ(t)\\delta(t) for an accumulation function a(t)a(t) is $$ δ(t)=a′(t)a(t)=ddtln⁡a(t).\\delta(t) = \\frac{a\u0026rsquo;(t)}{a(t)} = \\frac{d}{dt}\\ln a(t).\n$$\nFor constant rate rr, a(t)=erta(t)=e^{rt} and δ=r\\delta=r. Hence, δ\\delta is exactly the continuously compounded rate .\nConnection to Log Returns: Over a short interval Δt\\Delta t, δ Δt≈ln⁡ ⁣(PtPt−Δt)\\delta ,\\Delta t \\approx \\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_{t}}{P_{t-\\Delta t}}\\bigr), tying the instantaneous force directly to the log return between two instants . 4. Key Properties of Log Returns Time‑Additivity If an asset experiences successive log returns Rlog⁡,1R_{\\log,1} and Rlog⁡,2R_{\\log,2}, the total log return over both periods is\n$$\nRlog⁡=Rlog⁡,1+Rlog⁡,2;R_{\\log} = R_{\\log,1} + R_{\\log,2}, since\n$$\n$$\nln⁡ ⁣(P2P0)=ln⁡ ⁣(P2P1)+ln⁡ ⁣(P1P0).\\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_2}{P_0}\\bigr)\n= \\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_2}{P_1}\\bigr)\n\\ln!\\bigl(\\tfrac{P_1}{P_0}\\bigr). $$\nThis additive property simplifies multi‑period analysis .\nSymmetry Log returns treat percentage gains and losses symmetrically: a +50% move (Rlog⁡=40.5%R_{\\log}=40.5%) followed by −40.5% (Rlog⁡=−50%R_{\\log}=-50%) brings you back to the start, unlike simple returns .\nNormality Assumption When asset prices are modeled as following a lognormal distribution, log returns are normally distributed—a cornerstone of the Black–Scholes framework . 5. Practical Usage Volatility Estimation: Historical volatility is usually computed from the standard deviation of log returns, because of their additive and normal‑like behavior over time . Option Pricing: Continuous compounding underpins risk‑neutral pricing and discounting cash flows in derivatives models, making log returns the natural choice for modeling price evolution . In essence, log returns are by construction the continuously compounded returns: they emerge from taking the limit of discrete compounding and coincide with the instantaneous rate of growth, offering mathematical elegance and powerful properties for financial modeling.\nVolatility $$ \\sigma_{anual} = \\sigma_{daily}\\sqrt{PT} $$\nUsually, $\\sqrt{PT}$ can be denoted as $\\sqrt{252}$ since 252 is the trading days of a year.\n","date":"2025-04-20T12:00:00+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/compounds-integration-log-returns/","title":"Compounds, Integration, and Log-Returns"},{"content":"Resources The Quant Platform website: http://py4fi.pqp.io\nOur company website http://tpq.io My private website http://hilpisch.com Our Python books website http://books.tpq.io Our online training website http://training.tpq.io The Certificate Program website http://certificate.tpq.io Training program: http://pyalgo.tpq.io The AI Machine: http://aimachine.io\nConventions Used in This Book Italic: for terms, URLs, email addresses. Monospace: for deliberately for technos. Monospace and italic: for user-defined values.\n![[Pasted image 20250303205954.png]]\nPrep for coding Creating an ad-hoc conda environment for this project.\nSupplemental material (in particular, Jupyter Notebooks and Python scripts/modules) is available for usage and download at http://py4fi.pqp.io.\n\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; import this The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren\u0026#39;t special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you\u0026#39;re Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than *right* now. If the implementation is hard to explain, it\u0026#39;s a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let\u0026#39;s do more of those! Importing means making a package available to the current name‐ space and the current Python interpreter process.\nMust familiarize with Numpy ndarray and pandas DataFrame data structure.\nFinance firms are spending trillions on tech. Tech can go wild.(2010 Flash Crash) Chap 1 Why Python for Finance Context w/ modern finance:\nFirms have to power tech to be competitive, millions and millions; More and more tech savvy(Data processing, analytic speed, theoretical foundations.) Real-time analytics About Virtual Environment Course code repo: https://github.com/yhilpisch/py4fi2nd\nSolutions:\nCreate an ad-hoc venv or conda environment for the project, on Linux distro. Regarding virtual environment, container, Anaconda: https://g.co/gemini/share/b853fe5cdef1 Use a MacBook, then follow: https://github.com/yhilpisch/py4fi2nd My MacBook use guide link here\nPart 1 Chap 1 Intro Key takeaways: Naming conventions in Python resembles that of the real world. This characteristic makes Python the efficient choice. High abstraction and rigid implementation. Firms might implement Python from prototyping to production. Important theories like MPT and CAPM lack of data-driven support, most by experience. Outdated theories rely on weak assumptions. General tips to improve efficiency with Python:\nUse a simpler approach(less loops, less vectorization) Use specialized packages to handle data Use parallelization. A proper treatment of AI-first finance, however, would require a book fully dedicated to the topic. This book only provied an entry level of understanding of how to apply AI to finance.\nConclusion Python, with its elegant syntax, efficient development approaches, and versatility for both prototyping and production, stands as an ideal technological framework for the financial industry. Its extensive ecosystem of packages, libraries, and tools addresses the challenges posed by recent developments in finance, including analytics, data management, compliance, and technology. Python streamlines end-to-end development and production, and its dominance in AI, machine learning, and deep learning makes it the go-to language for data-driven and AI-first finance, which are reshaping the financial industry.\nChap 2 Deployment This chapter covers the techniques with python deployment:\npackage managers Virtual environment managers containers cloud instances Getting familiar with conda #syntax #code conda can server as a package manager as well as an environment manager.\nGetting familiar with docker A Docker container is an isolated filesystem containing an OS (e.g., Ubuntu), Python runtime, tools, and libraries. It runs uniformly across platforms (e.g., Windows 10 or cloud Linux).\nBuild an Ubuntu Python docker image Prep:\napt-get updates Install conda, python and other OS necessary packages using install.sh Install docker, docker-compose Notes on colima, docker, shell, conda, and python Scope:\nFor py4fi example illustration purposes only. KIM:\nconda can manage packages and environments. docker can instantiate an environment in a container. You can build a pre-defined image using docker build. conda basics #syntax\nInstall packages: conda install \u0026lt;name0\u0026gt; \u0026lt;name1\u0026gt; ... -y Search packages: conda search \u0026lt;name\u0026gt; Update packages: conda update \u0026lt;name\u0026gt; Remove packages: conda remove \u0026lt;name\u0026gt; List packages: conda list Create a virtual env: conda create -n $ENVIRONMENT_NAME Activate a virtual env: conda activate \u0026lt;env_name\u0026gt; Deactivate a virtual env: conda deactivate Remove a virtual env: conda env remove -n \u0026lt;env_name\u0026gt; List virtual envs: conda env list Export environment configs: conda env export \u0026gt; $FILE_NAME Create a virtual env from a config file: conda env create -f $FILE_NAME shell basics #syntax #code\nCheck conda: conda --version Check docker: docker --version Check python: python --version Package management for debian like OS:\nUpdate packages: apt-get update; apt-get upgrade -y Install packages: apt-get install -y $PACKAGE_NAME colima basics(Mac specific) #syntax #code Goal: To have a minimalist working docker daemon on MacOS.\nUsing colima on MacOS to render a minimalist, vanilla docker daemon.\nInstallation: brew install colima Create a docker daemon using colima: colima start -e #to edit demanding configs like disk usage, memory assignment, cpu assigment, etc. After colima started, docker daemon is up and running, onward to docker manipulations. Stop daemon: colima stop Remove a daemon: colima delete \u0026lt;name\u0026gt; Noteworthy configs:\nDisk usage Memory assignment CPU assignment Arch Mount volume type Mount point Virtualization framework docker basics #syntax\nList images: docker images List all containers: docker ps -a List running containers: docker ps Run a container based on an image: docker run -it \u0026lt;image_name\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;release_tag\u0026gt; Start a container: docker start \u0026lt;name_or_id\u0026gt; Stop a container: docker stop \u0026lt;name_or_id\u0026gt; Attach the session to a RUNNING docker container: docker attach \u0026lt;name_or_id\u0026gt; Remove a container: `docker rm \u0026lt;name_or_id\u0026gt;`` Into the docker shell #syntax Goal: To install all necessary and sufficient packages for a python deployment(mainly conda and other python packages.)\nList app running containers: docker ps List all containers: docker ps -a ssh into a simple container created with ubuntu:latest image: docker run -ti -h py4fi -p 11111:11111 ubuntu:latest /bin/bash After sshed into the docker container, the rest is just unix. Fetch miniconda.sh according to the arch, link here. Initialize conda using fetched miniconda.sh installation. Install some example packages like numpy, scipy, ipython, pandas, etc. Building your own image\nIn an ad-hoc docker build directory, create two files, like shown in the book:\njuan@juans-MacBook-Air docker-build % tree . ├── Dockerfile └── install.sh 1 directory, 2 files Note:\nYou are just creating an image, do not run the scripts in the host. But images are created in the host. Just cd into the directory and run docker build .... Basic manipulations:\nBuild an image: docker build -t py4fi:basic . Remove an image: docker rmi \u0026lt;name_or_id_of_the_image\u0026gt; Going Cloud Providers to consider:\nDigitalOcean AWS Goal:\nApply the above to a cloud infrastructure. Setup an online jupyter notebook. Learn basic SSL(Namely OpenSSL) Developing the Python deployment through any browser.(Maybe even phone?) Prep:\nUser book provided scripts to initialize the deployment(Digital Ocean Droplet) Get a VPS instance Refer to the official Jupyter Notebook Docs to deploy(This pretty much sumps up everything need to know, and very, very, very easy and quick to deploy.) if using the codes from the book, just follow it, basic steps as follows: Creating RSA keys: openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:1024 -out cert.pem -keyout cert.key Follow onscreen instructions Generate a hash protected password using Python built-in package: passwd('replace_with_an_actual_password') nano the jupyter notebook config file. nano the installation script. DigitalOcean Droplet orchestrate set up script. How to use the book code:\ncd into ../ch02/cloud Gen a cert.key and cert.pem using the book provided openssl code. Use a the old_notebook_env to get a hashed password like the example in the book. KIM:\nUse the security measure provided by Jupyter Notebook(A.K.A. JupyterLab, JupyterHub). Follow the official guide to deploy JupyterHub, then onward to the book\u0026rsquo;s installation script. #syntax #code [!code]- Click to show installation script\n#!/bin/bash # # Script to Install # Linux System Tools, # Basic Python Packages and # Jupyter Notebook Server # # Python for Finance, 2nd ed. # (c) Dr. Yves J. Hilpisch # # GENERAL LINUX apt-get update # updates the package index cache apt-get upgrade -y # updates packages apt-get install -y bzip2 gcc git htop screen vim wget # installs system tools apt-get upgrade -y bash # upgrades bash if necessary apt-get clean # cleans up the package index cache # INSTALLING MINICONDA wget https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O \\ Miniconda.sh bash Miniconda.sh -b # installs Miniconda rm Miniconda.sh # removes the installer # prepends the new path for current session export PATH=\u0026#34;/root/miniconda3/bin:$PATH\u0026#34; # prepends the new path in the shell configuration echo \u0026#34;. /root/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh\u0026#34; \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.bashrc echo \u0026#34;conda activate\u0026#34; \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.bashrc # INSTALLING PYTHON LIBRARIES # More packages can/must be added # depending on the use case. conda update -y conda # updates conda if required conda create -y -n py4fi python=3.7 # creates an environment source activate py4fi # activates the new environment conda install -y jupyter # interactive data analytics in the browser conda install -y pytables # wrapper for HDF5 binary storage conda install -y pandas # data analysis package conda install -y matplotlib # standard plotting library conda install -y scikit-learn # machine learning library conda install -y openpyxl # library for Excel interaction conda install -y pyyaml # library to manage YAML files pip install --upgrade pip # upgrades the package manager pip install cufflinks # combining plotly with pandas Conclusion Key Python deployment solutions for finance include:\nConda Environments Create project-specific environments (py4fi2nd.yml) for dependency isolation and reproducibility. Docker Containers Containerize environments to ensure consistency across development/production stages.s Cloud Infrastructure Leverage platforms like DigitalOcean for scalable, real-time analytics and code execution. Part 2 On to Python • Chapter 3 focuses on Python data types and structures.\n• Chapter 4 is about NumPy and its ndarray class.\n• Chapter 5 is about pandas and its DataFrame class.\n• Chapter 6 discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) with Python.\nChap 3 Data Types and Data Structures \u0026ldquo;Types\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Structures\u0026rdquo; are not the same.\n\u0026ldquo;TYPES\u0026rdquo; from onward will be referring to \u0026ldquo;Data Types\u0026rdquo; in this chapter.\n\u0026ldquo;STRUCTURES\u0026rdquo; from onward will be referring to \u0026ldquo;Data Structures\u0026rdquo; in this chapter.\nBasic Types: ![[Pasted image 20250401221249.png]]\nBasic structures: ![[Pasted image 20250401221434.png]]\nGood practices:\nUse type() to check types. Use ipython or other intellisense auto-completion to check for functions, classes, methods and the like. Use dir() to check the complete list of attributes and methods of any object. Floats Fun but actually important fact: Floating numbers are essentially represented as binary formats in memory in Python( Python dynamically interprets data types at runtime and assign bits to them in memory), and when the floating number is less than one and bigger than zero, it will have an abundance of, if not infinite binary bits to represent them. IF this floating number is de facto assigned with a fixed bits, but it can NOT be represented in BINARY finitely, inaccuracies will occur. So, you might see this in ipython: ![[Pasted image 20250401222431.png]] The issue can be of importance when summing over a large set of numbers. In such a situation, a certain kind and/or magnitude of representation error might, in aggregate, lead to significant deviations from a benchmark value.\nHow to address this issue Use the decimal package to specifically handle floats if accuracy is a priority.\nBasic example: #syntax #code s\n[!code]- python Click to show basic example with decimal import decimal from decimal import Decimal decimal.getcontext() Decimal(1)/Decimal(11) decimal.getcontext.prec() = 4 Decimal(1)/Decimal(11) decimal.getcontext.prec() = 50 Decimal(1)/Decimal(11)\nBool Comparison operators: \u0026lt;,\u0026gt;,≤,≥,≠,= : yields bool Logic Operators: and,or,not : yields bool Any non-0 are yields True. \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; bool(0.0) False \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; bool(4214.2) True \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; bool(-432) True Good Practices Play with it. Strings KIM:\nAny type in Python is an object, meaning: any object has its classes and methods to call upon. E.g.: #code\n\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; a_string = f\u0026#34;This is a string.\u0026#34; \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; a_string.strip(\u0026#34; his\u0026#34;) \u0026#39;This is a string.\u0026#39; \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; a_string.strip(\u0026#34; T\u0026#34;) \u0026#39;his is a string.\u0026#39; \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; a_string.strip(\u0026#34; t\u0026#34;) \u0026#39;This is a string.\u0026#39; \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; a_string.replace(\u0026#34; \u0026#34;, \u0026#34;-\u0026#34;) \u0026#39;This-is-a-string.\u0026#39; \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; a_string. a_string.capitalize() a_string.index( a_string.isspace() a_string.removesuffix( a_string.startswith( a_string.casefold() a_string.isalnum() a_string.istitle() a_string.replace( a_string.strip( a_string.center( a_string.isalpha() a_string.isupper() a_string.rfind( a_string.swapcase() a_string.count( a_string.isascii() a_string.join( a_string.rindex( a_string.title() a_string.encode( a_string.isdecimal() a_string.ljust( a_string.rjust( a_string.translate( a_string.endswith( a_string.isdigit() a_string.lower() a_string.rpartition( a_string.upper() a_string.expandtabs( a_string.isidentifier() a_string.lstrip( a_string.rsplit( a_string.zfill( a_string.find( a_string.islower() a_string.maketrans( a_string.rstrip( a_string.format( a_string.isnumeric() a_string.partition( a_string.split( a_string.format_map( a_string.isprintable() a_string.removeprefix( a_string.splitlines( A brief list of methods for str() object:\nprint() You can apply format strings to print().\nregex (Regular Expression) Good Practices Play with it. Structures list : More flexible(Most of the time, working ONLY with list is sufficient.) tuple : More rigid(Immutable) dict set KIM:\nAny structure in Python has a built-in index. The index uses 0-based indexing. Usually, = means assign values, == means comparing values. #code In [102]: l = [1, 2.5, \u0026#39;data\u0026#39;] l[2] Out[102]: \u0026#39;data\u0026#39; In [103]: l = list(t) l Out[103]: [1, 2.5, \u0026#39;data\u0026#39;] In [104]: type(l) Out[104]: list In [105]: l.append([4, 3]) l Out[105]: [1, 2.5, \u0026#39;data\u0026#39;, [4, 3]] In [106]: l.extend([1.0, 1.5, 2.0]) l Out[106]: [1, 2.5, \u0026#39;data\u0026#39;, [4, 3], 1.0, 1.5, 2.0] In [107]: l.insert(1, \u0026#39;insert\u0026#39;) l Out[107]: [1, \u0026#39;insert\u0026#39;, 2.5, \u0026#39;data\u0026#39;, [4, 3], 1.0, 1.5, 2.0] In [108]: l.remove(\u0026#39;data\u0026#39;) l Out[108]: [1, \u0026#39;insert\u0026#39;, 2.5, [4, 3], 1.0, 1.5, 2.0] In [109]: p = l.pop(3) print(l, p) [1, \u0026#39;insert\u0026#39;, 2.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0] [4, 3] Control Structures help(range)\nTypically: the for loop. for typically used with list objects. Counter based loops(like i = 0, while i \u0026lt; stuff in other languages) are implements in Python typically using range object. You could also achieve the same thing with while. help on range: class **range**(object) | range(stop) -\u0026gt; range object | range(start, stop[, step]) -\u0026gt; range object List comprehension in Python E.g.:\nIn [117]: m = [i ** 2 for i in range(5)] m Out[117]: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16] ![[Pasted image 20250408190130.png]]\nGood Practices Play with it. Keep loops as minimal as possible(use embedded functions, methods, lamda, map(), etc.) Functional programming Function Definition def f(x[, argument1[, argument2...]...]): return x Tools for functions #code Help on map:\nHelp on class map in module builtins: class **map**(object) | map(function, iterable, /, *iterables) | | Make an iterator that computes the function using arguments from | each of the iterables. Stops when the shortest iterable is exhausted. Pay attention to the arguments of map. E.g.:\nIn [120]: list(map(even, range(10))) Out[120]: [True, False, True, False, True, False, True, False, True, False] Anonymous function: lambda Example with lambda:\nlambda input: output_of_input filter E.g filter an iterator with even elements:\nIn [**13**]: list(filter(**lambda** x: x % 2 == 0, range(10))) Out[**13**]: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8] Good Practices Play with it. Keep loops as minimal as possible, even though it\u0026rsquo;s only implicit(use embedded functions, methods, lamda, map(), etc.) dicts dict objects mutable, like list concept of key-value pair unordered(generally) not sortable(generally) defined using {} has built-in methods, like any other object. Methods of dict: #code ![[Pasted image 20250409130809.png]]\nsets not too many applications(not typical) unordered collections of other objects trimmed elements(every element is unique) can be applied with math set theory one applications is to get rid of duplicates in a list object Conclusion Basic data types: int, float, bool, and str serve as atomic types. Standard data structures: tuple, list, dict, and set are widely applicable, with list being particularly flexible for diverse financial use cases. Chap4: NumPy #numpy numpy expands data structures to arrays.\nArrays But first, key downsides of using list:\nhigh memory usage slow performance For real applications, arrays prevails.\nIn the more common case, an array represents an i × j matrix of elements.\nnumpy is to specialize in arrays.\nGet started with array Python has a built-in array package that handles array with very truncated functionalities.\nimport array A simple list object is considered a 1d array:\nIn [1]: v = [0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0] A nested list objects(n-dimensional array\u0026hellip;):\nIn [2]: m = [v, v, v] m Out[2]: [[0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0], [0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0], [0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]] Elements are interlinked by default, meaning: if you create a list object with another list object, the created list will mutate if the other list object mutated. To prevent this, use deepcopy module from copy package. arrays has some basic built-in file operation functionalities(like store into a file, etc) arrays can be converted to list if in need. numpy arrays Basics: #code #numpy\nIn [28]: import numpy as np In [29]: a = np.array([0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]) a Out[29]: array([0. , 0.5, 1. , 1.5, 2. ]) In [30]: type(a) Out[30]: numpy.ndarray In [31]: a = np.array([\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;b\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;c\u0026#39;]) a Out[31]: array([\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;b\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;c\u0026#39;], dtype=\u0026#39;\u0026lt;U1\u0026#39;) In [32]: a = np.arange(2, 20, 2) a Out[32]: array([ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]) In [33]: a = np.arange(8, dtype=np.float) a Out[33]: array([0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7.]) In [34]: a[5:] Out[34]: array([5., 6., 7.]) In [35]: a[:2] Out[35]: array([0., 1.]) numpy.ndarray has a lot of built-in methods to provide insights on statistics, computation, manipulation, etc. Operations executed upon ndarrays usually are vectorized(Refer to: On Vectorization), which is more intuitive than vanilla list objects. with floats computation, math module beats numpy. numpy methods are universal, meaning they can be applied to the basic Python data types. What does it mean by universal: In [**1**]: **import** **numpy** **as** **np** In [**16**]: b = [1,2,3] In [**17**]: np.sqrt(b) Out[**17**]: array([1. , 1.41421356, 1.73205081]) non-vectorized vs vectorized ![[Pasted image 20250409143616.png]]\nmath vs numpy ![[Pasted image 20250409143125.png]]\nnp.exp() vs ** In general, np.exp() means natural exponential by default, ** n raise to the power of n. #code #numpy\nIn [**1**]: **import** **numpy** **as** **np** In [**2**]: help(np.exp) In [**3**]: a = [0, 25, 50, 75, 100] In [**4**]: print(np.exp(a)) [1.00000000e+00 7.20048993e+10 5.18470553e+21 3.73324200e+32 2.68811714e+43] In [**5**]: print(np.exp(a, 2)) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) Cell In[5], line 1 ----\u0026gt; 1 print(np.exp(a, 2)) TypeError: return arrays must be of ArrayType In [**6**]: help(np.exp) In [**7**]: a ** 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) Cell In[7], line 1 ----\u0026gt; 1 a ** 2 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ** or pow(): \u0026#39;list\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;int\u0026#39; In [**8**]: a = np.array(a) In [**9**]: a Out[**9**]: array([ 0, 25, 50, 75, 100]) In [**10**]: a ** 2 Out[**10**]: array([ 0, 625, 2500, 5625, 10000]) Multiple dimensions ![[numpy_ndarray.png]] ![[SCR-20250410-mjlt.png]]numpy\u0026rsquo;s dtypes: ![[Pasted image 20250410194734.png]]\nnp.linspace Creates a one-dimensional ndarray object with evenly spaced intervals between numbers; parameters used are start, end, and num (number of elements).\nKey Takeaways(for ndarray objects): Metainformation np.array.size ~.itemsize ~.ndim ~.shape ~.dtype ~.nbytes Reshaping KIM: Generally, reshaping only throws another view of the array; resizing creates a new, temp object You can dump the reshapes to a new/old object if that\u0026rsquo;s desired. Reshaping: np.arange() np.array.shape np.shape(np.array) np.array.reshape((row, col)) dump to a new variable: new_arr = np.array.reshape((row, col)) Transpose new.arr.T # Trans rows to cols and cols to rows `new_arr.transpose() During a reshaping operation, the total number of elements in the ndarray object is unchanged. During a resizing operation, this number changes. it either decreases (“down-sizing”) or increases (“up-sizing”). Here some examples of resizing\nResizing: - np.resize(arr, (new_row, new_col)) The size of the connecting dimension must be the same for stacking operations\nStacking: horizontal stacking: np.hstack((\u0026lt;ndarrays\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;operations\u0026gt;)) vertical stacking: np.vstack((\u0026lt;ndarray_objects\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;operations\u0026gt;)) Flattening is to reduce ND ndarray object to a 1D object. It can happen row-by-row or col-by-col.\nFlattening: h.flatten(order='C|F') # Set C against rows, F against cols. The .flat and .ravel(order=\u0026quot;C|F\u0026quot;) iterator scans element by element with the specific order. Comparison and logical operators work on ndarray objects element wise.\nBoolean arrays can be used for indexing and data selection.\nBoolean Arrays [arr [,\u0026lt;|,\u0026gt;|,\u0026lt;=|,\u0026gt;=|,==][,\u0026amp;] arr] returns a view to represent the values in bool. Important method: np.where(\u0026lt;a_logical_statement\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;value_to_assign_when_true\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;value_to_assign_when_false\u0026gt;). Values waited to be assigned can be TYPES. bool_ndarray.astype(int) # To represent True|False to 1|0. ![[Pasted image 20250410230739.png]]\nSpeed: numpy generally wins, if not always.\nStructured: NumPy allow you to have a different dtype PER column. #code\nimport numpy as np # 2 Types to defining the dtype # 1. Define explicitly dt = np.dtype([ (\u0026#39;Name\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;S10\u0026#39;), # 1. \u0026#39;Name\u0026#39; field with string data type of maximum length 10 (\u0026#39;Age\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;i4\u0026#39;), # 2. \u0026#39;Age\u0026#39; field with 4-byte (32-bit) integer data type (\u0026#39;Height\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;), # 3. \u0026#39;Height\u0026#39; field with default float data type (usually 32-bit) (\u0026#39;Children/Pets\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;i4\u0026#39;, 2) # 4. \u0026#39;Children/Pets\u0026#39; field with a shape (2,) array of 4-byte integers ]) # 2. Define in a more readable way dt = np.dtype({\u0026#39;names\u0026#39;: [\u0026#39;Name\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Age\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Height\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Children/Pets\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;formats\u0026#39;:\u0026#39;O int float int,int\u0026#39;.split()} # Notice `formats` as the key of the dtype, values are the dtypes to be defined. # 3. Define in a more readable way, explicitly. Since `split` essentially returns a list. dt = np.dtype({\u0026#39;names\u0026#39;: [\u0026#39;Name\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Age\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Height\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Children/Pets\u0026#39;],\u0026#39;formats\u0026#39;:[\u0026#39;O\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;int\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;float\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;int,int\u0026#39;]}) # Notice the composite \u0026#39;int,int\u0026#39; dtype. data = np.array([ (\u0026#39;Alice\u0026#39;, 30, 5.5, [2, 1]), (\u0026#39;Bob\u0026#39;, 25, 6.0, [0, 2]) ], dtype=dt) Define dtype in a funnier way(Does not work if there is only 1 field\u0026hellip;):\nIn [**27**]: dt = np.dtype({ ...: \u0026#39;names\u0026#39;: [\u0026#39;Name\u0026#39;,\u0026#39;/Age/Children/Pets/Houses/Income/Height\u0026#39;], ...: \u0026#39;formats\u0026#39;: [\u0026#39;O\u0026#39;,\u0026#39;int,int,int,int,int,float\u0026#39;] ...: }) In [**28**]: s = np.array([(\u0026#39;Smith\u0026#39;, (45, 0, 2, 1, 100, 1.83))], dtype=dt) In [**29**]: s Out[**29**]: array([(\u0026#39;Smith\u0026#39;, (45, 0, 2, 1, 100, 1.83))], dtype=[(\u0026#39;Name\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;O\u0026#39;), (\u0026#39;/Age/Children/Pets/Houses/Income/Height\u0026#39;, [(\u0026#39;f0\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;\u0026lt;i8\u0026#39;), (\u0026#39;f1\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;\u0026lt;i8\u0026#39;), (\u0026#39;f2\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;\u0026lt;i8\u0026#39;), (\u0026#39;f3\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;\u0026lt;i8\u0026#39;), (\u0026#39;f4\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;\u0026lt;i8\u0026#39;), (\u0026#39;f5\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;\u0026lt;f8\u0026#39;)])]) Indexing w/ dtype: arr[\u0026quot;Name_of_the_Col\u0026quot;].methods arr[\u0026lt;the_index_of_rows\u0026gt;] arr[\u0026lt;row\u0026gt;][\u0026lt;\u0026quot;Col\u0026quot;\u0026gt;] Key Takeaways for dtype:\nIt\u0026rsquo;s like a template to tell the to-be-assigned data, \u0026ldquo;We want this type of format.\u0026rdquo; Like a SQL database. Opens access for the data to be searched by names and indexes. Vectorizations allows computation to be faster. Basic computations are treated as scalar manipulations(element-wise) by default. You can combine matrix with matrix(scalar computations) or matrix with numbers(linear transformation).\nMore on numpy\u0026rsquo;s broadcasting and it\u0026rsquo;s handling\nClick to View Okay, here's a concise conclusion summarizing the key points from our chat about matrices in linear algebra versus NumPy: Operation Distinction: NumPy uses distinct operators: * for element-wise multiplication (Hadamard product) and @ or np.dot() for linear algebra\u0026rsquo;s matrix multiplication. Matrix Multiplication (@, np.dot): Both linear algebra and NumPy require matching inner dimensions (e.g., (m x n) @ (n x p)). Order is crucial (AB ≠ BA). NumPy flexibly treats 1D arrays as appropriate row or column vectors to satisfy this rule.1 Element-wise Multiplication (*): In linear algebra (Hadamard product), this strictly requires matrices to have the exact same shape.2 Order doesn\u0026rsquo;t matter. In NumPy, * performs this element-wise operation. If shapes differ but are compatible, NumPy uses broadcasting to virtually align them without needing identical shapes.3 Order doesn\u0026rsquo;t matter. Broadcasting: This is a NumPy mechanism specifically for element-wise operations (*, +, etc.) to handle arrays of compatible but different shapes efficiently, without making data copies. It does not apply to matrix multiplication (@). Shape Flexibility: Linear algebra has rigid shape requirements (identical for element-wise, matching inner dimensions for matrix multiplication). NumPy is more flexible primarily due to broadcasting for element-wise operations and its adaptive handling of 1D arrays in matrix multiplication. Review on linear algebra\nMemory Layout: The memory layout of an ndarray object doesn\u0026rsquo;t affect the overall sum calculation. However, summing over rows and columns is faster with C-ordered arrays. Specifically, summing over rows is relatively faster than summing over columns in C-ordered arrays, while the opposite is true for F-ordered arrays.\nNumPy is the preferred Python package for numerical computing, offering the efficient ndarray class and vectorized operations that minimize slow Python loops. These techniques are also applicable to pandas DataFrames.\nConclusion NumPy is the preferred Python package for numerical computing, offering the efficient ndarray class and vectorized operations that minimize slow Python loops. These techniques are also applicable to pandas DataFrames.\nChap5 pandas #code #pandas\n![[Pasted image 20250411211554.png]]\nDenote DataFrame as df for the following context.\ndf is the core of pandas.\nKey Takeaways: pandas is to manage indexed and labeled data. Data can be in basic TYPES and ndarrays. Data can be organized in cols with names. Index can be in numbers, str, datetime. Vectorization is almost, if not always, faster than loops. Apply vectorization explicitly is almost, if not always, faster than apply vectorization implicitly. pandas support some intuitive data manipulations, such as appending a col to the existing df(df['a_new_col']=(\u0026lt;new_col_value1\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;new_col_value2\u0026gt;)) It\u0026rsquo;s always a good practice to explicitly assign an index value when appending new data. Good practice to instantiate a data frame object: instantiate a np.arrray instantiate dataframe from np.array then assign column names like df.columns = ['col1', 'col2', ...] For financial research purposes, time is of the essence. In general the scalar are applied to arrays and dataframe objects element-wise. There are specific methods to apply vector manipulations builtin. pandas provides a wrapper around matplotlib specifically for DataFrame. In [**6**]: %time df.apply(**lambda** x: x ** 2) CPU times: user 1.05 ms, sys: 35 μs, total: 1.08 ms Wall time: 1.09 ms Out[**6**]: numbers a 100 b 400 c 900 d 1600 In [**7**]: %time df ** 2 CPU times: user 350 μs, sys: 22 μs, total: 372 μs Wall time: 379 μs Out[**7**]: numbers a 100 b 400 c 900 d 1600 #syntax Core methods:\nimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame() df.index df.columns = ['col1', 'col2', ...] df.loc df.iloc df.sum df.apply df /+/-/*// scalar df['index']['index2'] df.concat df.append df.mean df.std df.values df.date_range np.array(df) df.info df.describe df.sum df.mean df.cumsum np.mean(df) np.log(df) np.sqrt(abs(df)) ![[Pasted image 20250414112934.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250414113505.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250414114632.png]]\nThe Series Class A series object is a single column of data from within a DataFrame object.\nKey takeaways #code #syntax #pandas\nInstantiation: s = pd.Series(np.array); s = df['col'] Basic DataFrame methods apply to Series objects as well. comparison/logical operators can be applied to DataFrame. Which enables data selection by complex condition, like: df['col'] \u0026lt;\u0026gt;\u0026amp;| returns bools df[df['col'] \u0026lt;\u0026gt;\u0026amp;|] or df.query('criteria_that_returns_bool')returns values that match criteria Very important: df.query() df.append df.concat df.join(concat details with the same index values, defined by the how flags: left(append the 2nd df to the 1st), 'right'(appending the 1st df to the 2nd), 'inner'(finding least common factor), 'outer'(finding greatest common multiple)) df.merge(df1,df2,on='somthing_common') Groupby Instantiation: groups = df.groupby('col') Selection of data: groups = df.groupby(['col1', 'col2', ...]) Performance TL;DR: #KIM\nWorking with the columns (Series objects) directly is the fastest approach. By \u0026ldquo;directly\u0026rdquo;, meaning no callables, no iterables, just plain df['col'] or whatever. np.ndarray is faster than pd.DataFrame calling apply using lambda functions or other things looping over all data entries in a df is almost ALWAYS the SLOWEST approach. Conclusion Pandas is a central tool in the PyData ecosystem, offering the DataFrame class for efficient tabular data manipulation. It supports vectorized operations for concise, high-performance code and provides robust handling of incomplete datasets. Pandas will be extensively utilized in subsequent chapters, introducing additional features as needed.\nChap6: OOP TL;DR #KIM\nOOP is the go-to approach in finance. OOP is suited for abstracted problems, like finance. Which is more intuitive for brain. More formatted, human-readable, less complex\u0026hellip; GPT summarized: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) aligns with natural human thinking, reduces complexity, and enables modular, abstract, and reusable code. It supports features like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, aggregation, and composition—enhancing flexibility, maintainability, and user interface design. OOP is also the dominant paradigm in Python, promoting nonredundant, efficient software development. All objects in Python has attributes, methods, etc. Glossary: #KIM\nClass: A group of objects or designs.(Human) Object: An instance of a class.(Juan Pan) Attribute: A feature of the class.(Juan has dark eyes) Method: A function of the class. Parameters: Input for the method. Instantiation: the process of trading a specific object based on an abstract class. E.g.:\nclass HumanBeing(object): def __init__(self, first_name, eye_color): self.first_name = first_name self.eye_color = eye_color self.position = 0 def walk_steps(self, steps): self.position += steps Syntax #syntax #code Attributes are like variables for different scopes.\n![[Pasted image 20250414233922.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250414234022.png]]\nPython Data Model(Very Important) The Python Data model allows one to design classes that consistently interact with basic language constructs of Python, including:\nIteration collection handling attribute access operator overloading function and method invocation object creation and destruction string representation managed contexts #syntax #code Special methods(attributes with leading __ are private parameters that can not be access by the user):\n__init__ __repr__ __add__ __mul__ __bool__ __len__ __getitem__ __iter__: returns an iterable Conclusion #code #syntax ![[Pasted image 20250414235631.png]] This chapter introduces object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python, highlighting its theoretical foundations and practical applications. OOP enables the modeling of complex systems through custom objects that integrate seamlessly with Python\u0026rsquo;s flexible data model. While some critique OOP, it offers powerful tools for managing complexity and abstraction. The derivatives pricing package discussed in Part V exemplifies a scenario where OOP is the most suitable paradigm to address intricate requirements.\nPart 3 Getting Start with Quant Index:\nChap7: plotting chap8: using pandas handle time-series data. chap9: I/O right and fast chap 10: code performance chap 11: math chap 12: implement methods from stochastics. chap 13: statistical and machine learning approach. Chap 7: Visualization Tools:\nmatplotlib ploty KIM:\nmatplotlib can parse ndarray objects(to a point.) Use styles. ![[Pasted image 20250415135738.png]] #syntax Switches and readability:\nplt.xlim(min of x axis) plt.ylim(min of y axis) plt.title plt.xlabel plt.ylabel pass color as an argument: plt.plot('color_code') plt.legend() ![[Pasted image 20250415140051.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250415140159.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250415140637.png]]\nGoing 2D \u0026amp; 3D #KIM Be mindful of:\nScaling 1st Approach: use two y-axes(left/right, share the same x-axis) 2nd approach: use two subplots(upper/lower, left/right) Separate styles matplotlib can parse sub-datasets, but to a point. Sometimes, visualize in different ways simultaneously is necessary. Line and point plots are the most important ones in finance. Scatter plots can be used to compare the returns of two assets. Important: Histogram can be used to visualize financial returns. 3D plots can be used to visualize volatility surfaces. Interactive Dependent modules:\nplotly cufflinks Use styles and plotting types. #syntax #code cf\u0026rsquo;s useful methods: **add_annotations** **add_atr** **add_bollinger_bands** **add_cci** **add_dm** **add_ema** **add_macd** **add_ptps** **add_resistance** **add_rsi** **add_shapes** **add_sma** **add_support** **add_trendline** **add_volume** iplot Conclusion Good practices:\nAlways consult the gallery #matplotlib first, then start with the example code. A lot of #resources:\nhttp://matplotlib.org http://matplotlib.org/gallery.html http://matplotlib.org/users/pyplot_tutorial.html http://matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tutorial.html http://plot.ly https://plot.ly/python/getting-started/ https://github.com/santosjorge/cufflinks Chap 8: Financial Time Series #KIM :\nFinancial time series data is one of the most important types of data in finance. Time, time, time. But first, DATA. #KIM :\nThomson Reuters (TR) Eikon Data API Reuters Instrument Codes (RICs) Good #practices: First, import data from csv. Take a first look at the data(inspecting / visualizing) data.head() data.tail() data.plot() Have some basic statistics, check data validity, etc.: data.info() data.describe() data.mean() data.aggregate(min, max) df.roudn() np.mean np.std np.median Changes over time: data.diff()[.head()]: absolute changes in value. data.pct_change()[.round(\u0026lt;decimal_places\u0026gt;)[.head]]: Usually percentage changes are preferred. rets = np.log(data/data.shift(1)): Log returns are preferred as well. #KIM : Check log returns before any analysis happens. Resampling: Downsampling: Tick data resampled to 1minute intervals OR Daily\u0026rsquo;s intervals to Monthly\u0026rsquo;s. Rolling statistics A.K.A financial indicators #Extremely_important for technical analysis. data.rolling[.min] data.rolling[.max] data.rolling[.std] data.rolling[.median] data.ewm[.mean] custom indicators using .apply method. SMA strat: long when shorter-term SMA is above the longer-term SMA and vice versa, meaning: Like a flip switch, trades only take place when the two SMA lines intersect. Only a few trades will happen over the years. SMAs are used to derive positions to implement a trading strat, it\u0026rsquo;s a means to an end. Correlation: S\u0026amp;P v.s. VIX as an example: Choose plots with different scalings when dealing with this kind of problem(Correlation) #KIM Correlation is NEVER Causation. OLS Regression(Linear Regression): reg = np.polyfit(rets['.SPX'], rets['.VIX'], deg=1) ax = rets.plot(kind='scatter', x='.SPX', y='.VIX', figsize=(10, 6)) ax.plot(rets['.SPX'], np.polyval(reg, rets['.SPX']), 'r', lw=2); pd.DataFrame.corr: Compute pairwise correlation of columns, excluding NA/null values. This chapter introduces financial time series—crucial datasets in finance—and highlights how the pandas library facilitates their analysis. Pandas offers efficient tools for analyzing, visualizing, importing, and exporting time series data across various formats. These capabilities are further demonstrated in the following chapter.\nChap 9 #context:\nI/O is OFTEN, if not always the bottleneck of data analysis. Data has to be read and performed in memory, results have to be written to disk. Analytic data less than 1GB is a sweet spot for Python. Use pickle package. pickle follows FIFO principle, which is difficult for human to read. So store it in dict with some keys. pickle is essentially a third-party package. If version changes compatibility issue may rise. So, consider the built-in R/W of numpy and pandas. pandas can read from a lot of formats. ![[Pasted image 20250416165202.png]] Basics pickle.dump() pickle.load() Good practices #KIM :\nUse numpy\u0026rsquo;s built-in save/load, it\u0026rsquo;s faster than SQL or pickle. use PyTables and use h5s STRUCTURE. The package name is PyTables, the import name is tables. Use as few as for loops as possible(a last resort) pandas and PyTables suffices the performance needs for SQL-like querying. Use compression PyTables provides never hurts. Always use HDF5 with pandas. More conveniently and specifically for finance, use TsTables created by Yeves(Or self-build based on it.) Ranking STRUCTURES by I/O performance(top is the fastest):\nh5s np SQL pd.to_csv pd.to_excel Resources PyTables Docs Pickle Docs Python\u0026rsquo;s I/O Docs Numpy\u0026rsquo;s I/O Docs TsTables Docs Conclusion While relational (SQL) databases handle complex data relationships effectively, array-based approaches using tools like NumPy native I/O, PyTables, or Pandas with HDF5 often provide significant performance advantages for finance and science applications dealing with array-centric data. TsTables is specifically highlighted for large time series datasets, particularly in write-once, read-many scenarios.\nRegarding hardware, the text advises caution against automatically choosing cloud-based scale-out solutions. It suggests evaluating whether fewer, more powerful \u0026ldquo;scale-up\u0026rdquo; servers (with many cores, large memory, potentially GPUs/TPUs) might offer comparable or superior performance and cost-efficiency for specific analytics workloads, citing a Microsoft study.\nUltimately, the recommendation is to first thoroughly analyze the specific data analytics tasks required, and then make an informed decision on the optimal hardware (scale-up vs. scale-out) and software architecture, as these choices significantly impact performance.\nChap 10: All About Performance #KIM Good Practices:\nUse Vectorization(numpy) Compile to binary Dynamically(numba, numba wins overall.) Statically(cython) Multi-threading: Used upon different problems of the same type. Pros and cons of each #KIM :\nnumpy uses vectorization, which considerably improves speed over standard Python, but might use more RAM. numba works like a charm, but to a very specific use case. cython uses less RAM, very fast, but is essentially c + python, which needs more effort to mod the code into c-like language. Recursive algos has problems to recalculate the previous problem each time. Use a cache decorator can dramatically improve performance. Always keep in mind of the stack overflow, TYPES in Python has bit limitations. Prime numbers Prime number algo is an important benchmark as well as encryption.\nFibonacci A typical recursive problem.\nUse iterative approach. Use cache. (Optional) Use Cython int128 TYPE. The number Pi Use Monte Carlo Simulation to calculate the PI.\n#KIM :\nRandomness consumes up a lot of RAM. The methods for these algorithms work the similarly, if not the same as in the financial context. Binomial Trees I don\u0026rsquo;t get it.\nMonte Carlo Simulation #KIM :\nMCS is an important numeric tool in finance. Many alogs can be benefited from multiprocessing. MCS is a good case. Usually, regular Python is fine. But in production, always apply the BEST solution, even though it means more efforts to be put. Conclusion Okay, considering the text on this Thursday afternoon here in Kunming:\nHere\u0026rsquo;s a concise summary of the provided conclusion:\nThe Python ecosystem offers several accessible ways to significantly improve code performance. Key approaches include:\nUsing efficient Python idioms and paradigms, like vectorization, which often leads to more concise and faster code (though sometimes uses more memory). Leveraging specialized high-performance packages such as NumPy and Pandas for array and DataFrame operations. Compiling Python code using tools like Numba (dynamic compilation) or Cython (static compilation), particularly effective for financial algorithms. Parallelizing code execution, commonly achieved using the multiprocessing package on a single machine, with further options available for cluster computing. A major advantage highlighted is that these performance techniques are generally easy to implement using existing libraries, often representing readily achievable gains (\u0026ldquo;low-hanging fruit\u0026rdquo;).\nResources cython multiprocessing numba Chap 11 On math The function used in this chap:\n$$ f(x) = sin(x) + \\frac12 x $$ Code:\ndef f(x): return np.sin(x) + 0.5 * x Regression approach Regression is basically use a bunch of basis functions then calculate the best parameters for these functions to approximate the example function.\nCode:\nimport numpy as np def f(x): return np.sin(x) + 0.5 * x res = np.polyfit(x, f(x), deg=1, full=True) # deg=1 means linear. def create_plot(x, y, styles, labels, axlabels): plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)) for i in range(len(x)):\tplt.plot(x[i], y[i], styles[i], label=labels[i]) plt.xlabel(axlabels[0]) plt.ylabel(axlabels[1]) plt.legend(loc=0) #KIM :\nYou can approximate by adjusting degrees. Also by adjusting basis functions. Regression can cope well with noises in the data. Regression can also cope with unsorted data. Regression works with N-Dimensions without any dramatic change in code. Implementation is easy. Interpolation Basically is to find spline(a best fitting curve with continuous derivatives) across datas.\n#KIM :\nSpline interpolation is often used in finance. Limited to low dimension problems. Require sorted data. Code:\nimport scipy.interpolate as spi x = np.linspace(-2 * np.pi, 2 * np.pi, 25) ![[Pasted image 20250417135209.png]]\nConvex optimization #KIM :\nConvex is important. Generally, find global optimization before locals(local minima can be multiple and the algo can be trapped in a minima.) Crucial #Extremely_important : To be in the know which optimization for what problem. Global optimization by Brute Force Adjusting step size can considerably help improve the accuracy of the result.\nE.g.: let fm be a 2d function: #syntax\ndef fm(p): x, y = p return (np.sin(x) + 0.05 * x ** 2 + np.sin(y) + 0.05 * y ** 2) sco.brute(fo, ((-10, 10.1, 5), (-10, 10.1, 5)), finish=None) # step size is 5.. sco.brute(fo, ((-10, 10.1, 0.1), (-10, 10.1, 0.1)), finish=None) # step size is 0.1. Local optimization Code: #syntax\nsco.fmin(fo, opt1, xtol=0.001, ftol=0.001, maxiter=15, maxfun=20)# function to be minimized, starting parameter values, input parameter tolerance, function value tolerance, max number of iterations, function calls. Constrained optimization Code #syntax :\ncons = ({\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;ineq\u0026#39;,\u0026#39;fun\u0026#39;: lambda p: 100 - p[0] * 10 - p[1] * 10})# constraint bnds = ((0, 1000), (0, 1000))# bounds result = sco.minimize(Eu, [5, 5], method=\u0026#39;SLSQP\u0026#39;,bounds=bnds, constraints=cons)# Eu is the function to be optimized. Integration Applies the most to valuation and pricing. Code for plotting:\nfig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6)) plt.plot(x, y, \u0026#39;b\u0026#39;, linewidth=2) plt.ylim(bottom=0) Ix = np.linspace(a, b) Iy = f(Ix) verts = [(a, 0)] + list(zip(Ix, Iy)) + [(b, 0)] poly = Polygon(verts, facecolor=\u0026#39;0.7\u0026#39;, edgecolor=\u0026#39;0.5\u0026#39;) ax.add_patch(poly) plt.text(0.75 * (a + b), 1.5, r\u0026#34;$\\int_a^b f(x)dx$\u0026#34;, horizontalalignment=\u0026#39;center\u0026#39;, fontsize=20) plt.figtext(0.9, 0.075, \u0026#39;$x$\u0026#39;) plt.figtext(0.075, 0.9, \u0026#39;$f(x)$\u0026#39;) ax.set_xticks((a, b)) ax.set_xticklabels((\u0026#39;$a$\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;$b$\u0026#39;)) ax.set_yticks([f(a), f(b)]); Code for computing:\nsci.fixed_quad(f, a, b)[0] sci.quad(f, a, b)[0] sci.romb(f) xi = np.linspace(0.5, 9.5, 25 sci.trapzoid(f(xi), xi) sci.simpson(f(xi), xi) By simulation:\nfor i in range(1, 20): np.random.seed(1000) x = np.random.random(i * 10) * (b - a) + a print(np.mean(f(x)) * (b - a)) Symbolic Computation #KIM :\nuse SymPy SymPy auto simplifies math expression. SymPy has 3 kinds of engine: Latex Unicode Ascii Can prettify print math expressions. Valuable to financial math. SymPy basics #syntax :\nimport sympy as sy x = sy.Symbol(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = sy.Symbol(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) sy.sqrt(x) f = x ** 2 + 3 + 0.5 * x ** 2 + 3 / 2 sy.simplify(f) Equations, Integration and Differentiation use sy.solve to solve simple equations. E.g. solving integration and differentiation:\n![[Pasted image 20250417163707.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250417164050.png]]\nConclusion This chapter introduces four key mathematical topics and tools relevant to finance:\nFunction Approximation: Important for applications like factor models, yield curve interpolation, and regression-based Monte Carlo methods for American options. Convex Optimization: Frequently used in finance for tasks such as calibrating option pricing models to market data or implied volatilities. Numerical Integration: Central to pricing options and derivatives, often involving calculating the discounted expected payoff under a risk-neutral measure (linking to stochastic process simulation covered in Chapter 12). Symbolic Computation (using SymPy): Highlighted as a potentially useful and efficient tool for specific mathematical operations like symbolic integration, differentiation, and solving equations. Resources numpy scipy scipy integration sympy Chap12 Stochastics #glossary Extremely simplified:\nStochastic: a sequence of random variables, wherein a draw is dependent on the previous draw. Markov property: tomorrow\u0026rsquo;s value of the process only depends on today\u0026rsquo;s state. #KIM :\nMCS is among #Extremely_important THE MOST IMPORTANT numerical techniques in finance. Choose wisely the TYPES, STRUTURES as well as algos to tackle different type of problems. Important for valuation. Important for risk management. Random numbers Code:\nimport numpy.random as npr npr.seed(100) npr.rand(10) ![[Pasted image 20250417172252.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250417172449.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250417172514.png]]\nBSM model ![[Pasted image 20250417173531.png]]\nGBM ![[Pasted image 20250417175731.png]] ![[Pasted image 20250417175812.png]]\nSquare-root diffusion ![[Pasted image 20250417180115.png]]\nHeston volatility ![[Pasted image 20250417220914.png]]\nGet dizzy about models? Here\u0026rsquo;s to demystify all these models:\nMy notes on Quant Finance\njump Diffusion #book Book page 369\n![[Pasted image 20250417223558.png]]\nYou don\u0026rsquo;t have to understand them all at first sight Scan through first. Refer to book Chap 12 repeatedly. Learning by practicing. VaR A risk measure widely adopted among industries and practitioners.\nCVaR and CVA Other risk measures.\nConclusion This chapter focused on Monte Carlo simulation techniques for finance. It explained how to generate pseudo-random numbers according to different distributions and how to simulate the random variables and stochastic processes crucial in financial modeling.\nTwo major application areas were detailed:\nValuing both European and American options. Estimating risk measures like Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA). The text concludes that Python combined with NumPy is well-suited for these often computationally demanding simulations. This effectiveness stems from NumPy\u0026rsquo;s C-based implementation providing significant speed advantages over pure Python, and its support for vectorized operations leading to more compact and readable code.\nChap 13 Statistics #KIM #Extremely_important :\nPortfolio theory: When the returns are normally distributed, the best portfolio composition only relate to: 1. mean return; 2. variance of the returns; 3. covariance of the returns. Capital asset pricing model: When the returns are normally distributed(an observed conclusion, returns of an individual asset is to be aligned with Gaussian Distribution), the price of a single stock is in linear relationship with the market index. Efficient market: Prices fluctuates randomly and returns are normally distributed. Option pricing theory: BSM model with geometric Brownian motion. Normality tests Benchmarks:\nSkewness test Kurtosis test Normality test #KIM :\nReal world data often, if not always render fat tails(Jump diffusion). MPT(Modern Portfolio Theory) #KIM :\nMPT is a cornerstone in economics. MPT\u0026rsquo;s important factors are: Assumes normal distribution(of a single asset.) Assumes Mean and Variance are the only necessary and sufficient statistics. Goal of MPT is to maximize the return, while minimizing the risk. Covariance Matrix is central when selecting asset objects. The theory does not allow shorts. Only longs, and all the longs add-up to 100%. Mean-variance portfolio selection: Expected portfolio variances Expected portfolio return formula(Utility Index): $$ \\mu=E(\\Sigma_{I}w_ir_i) $$ #KIM Sharpe ratio formula: $$ SR=\\frac{\\mu_p(-r_f)}{\\sigma_p} $$\n$\\mu_p$ is utility index. $r_f$ risk-free rate. $\\sigma_p$ standard deviation. #KIM: In a dollar-neutral portfolio, $\\mu_p = Excess Return + r_f$, essentially renders the factor to just the $\\mu_p$, which is the return given by stock position. The same works for long-only strategy. #KIM : Generally, $r_f$ is usually 0 as long as there is no financing cost. #KIM you can either fix a target return level and find minimal volatility or set a minimal volatility and find max return level and all the optimal portfolios comprise an efficient frontier $$ Sharpe Ratio = \\frac{(Money the Investment Made - Money the Piggy Bank Made)}{(How Much the Investment Bounced Around)} $$ Key Takeaways most models, if not all the finish models like MPT or CAPM respond the assumption that returns of securities are normally distributed Test for normality is important when the stock returns are normally distributed, optimum portal choice can be casted into a setting where mean return variance of the returns coparents between different stocks are relevant for an optimal portfolio composition when stock returns are normally distributed prices of single stocks is in linear relationship to a market index. [[Compounds, integration, log-returns]] Bayesian Statistics What it is In essence: Bayesian statistics is to update our prior probability (initial belief) about something into a posterior probability (updated belief) after considering what actually happened (the data).\nImplementation Requires pymc package.\nWhy Random Walk Refer to: This note.\nMachine Learning Unsupervised k-means (These data BELONG to this subset.) Gaussian Mixture (These data are xx% likely belong to this subset.) Codifying: a general way:\nImport model class Instantiating model object Fit model to data Predict the outcome(Clusters) Supervised Focuses:\nClassification problem Estimation problem Algos: Gaussian Naive Bayes Logistic Regression Decision Trees Deep Neural Networks Support Vector Machines #KIM Refer to This to learn more.\nPart 4 Algo Trading Chap14 API Generalization of workflow:\nGet Started with Accounts and APIs Data Retrival: Tick Data Candles Data Historical Data Streaming Data Placing Orders Buy Sell Manage Account Get balance Get Margin \u0026hellip; Chap 15 Trading Strats(Algo Trading) Backtesting Buy-and-Hold Benchmark RWH and EMH Benchmark Train/Test Splits(Avoid overfitting) Sequential Randomized Strats SMA(Simple Moving Average) Regression Methods: OLS Regression ML Methods Classification Log Regression Gaussian Naive Bayes Support Vector Machines(SVMs) Clustering k-means cluster DNNs Frequency Approach Chap 16 Automate Get hands-on with APIs and some basic operations:\nRetrieve data Historical Streaming Place orders Buys Sells Check account status #KIM : Vectorized backtesting only tests to a point. Kelly Criterion Finding the best fraction/leverage for the capital to be traded with.\nTo be more dovish, go for Half Kelly. As Full Kelly will aim for a very high(but de facto \u0026ldquo;Best\u0026rdquo;) leverage and induce more risk.\nMore #KIM to be found on my notion notes about principles, KIMs, and experiences.\nThe optimal fraction/leverage:\n$$ f^*=\\frac{\\mu-r}{\\sigma^2} $$ $f$: The optimal fraction/leverage. $\\mu$: Expected return of the stock. $\\sigma$: The standard deviation of returns(volatility). $r$: Constant short rate, default to $0$.\nRisk Analysis Drawdown VAR(Value-at-Risk) Refer to my notion notes:\nWhat do they mean ","date":"2025-03-03T12:00:00+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/py4fi-notes/","title":"Notes on Python for Finance"},{"content":"The Art of Rhetoric Glossary Since I\u0026rsquo;m not a native English speaker, and almost none can give a exact Chinese interpretation about the word rhetoric, here\u0026rsquo;s some Wikitionary for building a basic background and understanding about the topics in TAR. I\u0026rsquo;ll just copy \u0026amp; paste them directly. I\u0026rsquo;m surprised that Wikipedia forms with Markdown syntax, but the structure is a bit rigid, so I\u0026rsquo;ve reworked the titles in this whole page to match the title structures in Wikipedia. It\u0026rsquo;s a bit odd in first appearance.\nI also want to point out some abuses in Chinese about the word rhetoric. You pop up any Chinese-English lexicon, you go to R section, you find rhetoric, and 99% I\u0026rsquo;m sure it says:\n修辞\nIt must either mean I\u0026rsquo;m bad in understanding Chinese, which is the language I\u0026rsquo;ve spoken since I was born, or that there\u0026rsquo;s something missing in our so-called five-millennial culture which every Chinese is so proud of. If it\u0026rsquo;s just one letter 辞 in ancient Chinese, then it makes more sense, but it hardly translates and atone into modern Chinese, and it\u0026rsquo;s not so pervasive.\nI\u0026rsquo;m confident that 95% of the time, 修辞\u0026rsquo;s one and only meaning is confined or generalized to either as a noun: metaphor, or as an adjective: metaphorical. We learned a lot literature from our elementary school all the way up to high school(I didn\u0026rsquo;t study any Chinese literature in college, and all the evidences surrounding me suggests that no one have a deep understanding about argument, logic or rhetoric. Most acting in accordance with their guts, and this is their only compass for courses of actions.) Mostly, we learned how the authors rendered their emotions or ideologies using analogies, metaphors, examples, etc. Never have I ever experienced systematic logic in my life before I studied Armstrong\u0026rsquo;s PHIL 101. I may good at calculus, but no one told me about logic. I may sense what\u0026rsquo;s reason, intention, motives, conclusions or examples, evidences, but never realized what is the real logic.\nSemiotics, especially the symbols, to me is the concrete sign of the abstraction of some elusive idea, sense or sentiment. This fascinates me. You can stretch, or bend their meaning to a broader sense, or narrow it down. A lot of them are actually metaphorically illustrative in nature. You do it elegantly, you can attain precision, while maintain eloquence and rhetoric.\nRhetoric Alternative forms rhetorick (obsolete) Etymology 1 From Middle English rethorik, from Latin rēthoricus, rhētoricus, from Ancient Greek ῥητορῐκός (rhētorikós).\nPronunciation IPA(key): /ɹɪˈtɒɹɪk/ Audio (Southern England) Duration: 2 seconds.0:02 Adjective rhetoric\nSynonym of rhetorical. Etymology 2 From Middle English rethorik, rhetoric, from Old French rhetorique, from Latin rhētorica, from Ancient Greek ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ), ellipsis of ῥητορικὴ τέχνη (rhētorikḕ tékhnē), from ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speech”), from ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”).\nPronunciation IPA(key): /ˈɹɛtəɹɪk/ Audio (Southern England) Duration: 2 seconds.0:02 Noun rhetoric (countable and uncountable, plural rhetorics)\nThe art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.\nMeaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.\nIt’s only so much rhetoric.\nSynonyms wordcraft Derived terms deep rhetoric rhetorical rhetorician Related terms English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werh₁-‎ (0 c, 16 e)\nCollocations Collocations\nTranslations ±art of using language for persuasion\n±meaningless language\nSee also preterition Appendix:Glossary of rhetoric Anagrams torchier Enthymeme Etymology From Ancient Greek ἐνθύμημα (enthúmēma, “thought, consideration”), from ἐν (en, “within, with”) + θυμός (thumós, “soul, life”).\nPronunciation IPA(key): /ˈɛnθɪˌmiːm/ Noun enthymeme (plural enthymemes)\nA by and large statement, a maxim, an argument that is intended to be generally true and not apply to every case universally. (logic) A syllogism with a required but unstated assumption. Derived terms enthymematic enthymematical enthymemic enthymemical Related terms thymus Translations ±by and large statement\n±syllogism with required but unstated assumption\nDialectic Alternative forms dialectick (obsolete) Pronunciation IPA(key): /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪk/\nAudio (Southern England) Duration: 2 seconds.0:02 Rhymes: -ɛktɪk\nEtymology 1 From Old French dialectique, from Late Latin dialectica, from Ancient Greek διαλεκτική (dialektikḗ, “the art of argument through interactive questioning and answering”), from διαλεκτικός (dialektikós, “relating to dialogue”), from διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to participate in a dialogue”), from διά (diá, “through, across”) + λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).\nNoun dialectic (countable and uncountable, plural dialectics)\nAny formal system of reasoning that arrives at a truth by the exchange of logical arguments.\nA contradiction of ideas that serves as the determining factor in their interaction.\nThis situation created the inner dialectic of American history.\n(Marxism) Progression of conflict, especially class conflict.\nRelated terms dialect dialectical dialogue trialectic, trialectics Etymology 2 From Latin dialecticus, from Ancient Greek δῐᾰλεκτῐκός (dialektikós).[1]\nAdjective dialectic (comparative more dialectic, superlative most dialectic)\nDialectical. Etymology 3 From dialect +‎ -ic.[1]\nAdjective dialectic (comparative more dialectic, superlative most dialectic)\nDialectal. References James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “Dialectic”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume III (D–E), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 310, column 2. Further reading \u0026ldquo;dialectic\u0026rdquo; in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 106. Anagrams deictical Etymology Borrowed from French dialectique, from Latin dialecticus.\nAdjective dialectic m or n (feminine singular dialectică, masculine plural dialectici, feminine and neuter plural dialectice)\ndialectical Declension Declension of dialectic\nsingular plural masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine nominative/ accusative indefinite dialectic dialectică dialectici dialectice definite dialecticul dialectica dialecticii dialecticele genitive/ dative indefinite dialectic dialectice dialectici dialectice definite dialecticului dialecticei dialecticilor dialecticelor Sollygism(I\u0026rsquo;ve learned Duke\u0026rsquo;s How to reason and argue, I\u0026rsquo;m well informed by now.) Refer to Armstrong\u0026rsquo;s How to Reason and Argue.\nMetaphor Preface \u0026amp; Intro The preface mostly discusses the summary of the RHETORIC, the perspective of Aristotle; backgrounds that nurture Aristotle\u0026rsquo;s views, structure of the work, insights that rendered, controversies that are still in debate, and problems of the translation. All of these readers should keep in mind while reading, be aware of the limitations of the era and that of the linguistic as well.\n3 Objectives of persuasion:\nJustice(Forensic) Admirability(Epideictic) Advisability(Deliberative, Political) 2 Differences between enthymemes and syllogisms:\nEnthymemes suppresses the use of premises Premises and conclusions of enthymemes are not necessarily 100% true The psychology aspect of interrelation of deliberation and emotion is less focused in the RHETORIC than that in the ETHICS.\nAristotle\u0026rsquo;s perspective towards emotions are restricted. He\u0026rsquo;s more interested in answering and discovering the landscape for emotions to happen.\nWith that said, it\u0026rsquo;s not necessarily and sufficiently to say that Aristotle didn\u0026rsquo;t produce insight of emotions.\nAristotle\u0026rsquo;s 3 conditions for emotions:\nSubject equipped to experience emotion: Aristotle suggests that one must be in a inclined state for emotion to happen. A stimulus to arouse the emotion: A certain event that triggers the chemistry of emotion. The object of the emotion must be of the appropriate kind: The people we are delivering emotions to must be appropriate to ourselves. Aristotle\u0026rsquo;s preoccupied when exploring anger. Author\u0026rsquo;s note suggests that the sense of object\u0026rsquo;s owing is part of the case too, just for illustration that Aristotle didn\u0026rsquo;t holistically inducted all the stimulus of anger.\nAristotle believed in patriarchy, which may contribute to his perspective about the subjects that he argued. Besides that, Aristotle strongly defends slavery.\nThe discussions of emotions in the RHETORIC are very biased and limited by his time and character. But we cannot deny that Aristotle raise some real insight. The reader should use his/her own best judgement of which are nutritious and which are not.\nAristotle\u0026rsquo;s view on friendship:\nBased on interest: Interests align, or the object carries some attractive characteristic. Based on pleasure Based on contemplation And another condition, friends cannot have serious difference in opinions.\nNote: I believe Aristotle\u0026rsquo;s view on friendship is rather speculative and cannot justify all circumstances of friendship.\nOn envy and jealousy, Aristotle provides great acumen.\nAristotle\u0026rsquo;s controversial demonstration of 3 characteristics of an orator:\nIntelligence Virtue Goodwill Age and social/material condition are 2 primary determinant of an character by Aristotle. He believes age can render great humanity and thus form a richer character. He believes the orator must adjust and adapt to his audiences\u0026rsquo; age to project a better image, and thus achieve the intention and goal of an epideictic speech.\nBy social/material position, they are consisted by 3 major factors:\nBirth Wealth Power \u0026ldquo;Style\u0026rdquo; is about the ways of delivering, \u0026ldquo;the manner of the expression.\u0026rdquo; It is for the most part, conceptual and no way of assessing.\nthe manner of the expression must always suit the content of what is being put across, in such a way as to maximize the impact that it has on the audience\nThe what of the art of rhetoric consists 3 major parts:\nAppropriate language Arrangement of language Delivering of language 3 cardinal virtues of good oratorical style:\nClarity wording linguistic Syntax \u0026hellip; Decoration Amplitude Rhythm Tone Sentence structure \u0026hellip; Propriety Aptitude to the subject Appropriate genre The order of the discussion of style is rather chaotic.\nDiscussion of Style chapter structure:\nChapter 3.2: clarity and metaphor(ornate) Chapter 3.3 misuse of metaphor Chapter 3.4: simile Chapter 3.5: linguistic purity Chapter 3.6 Amplitude Chapter 3.7 propriety Chapter 3.8: prose rhythm Chapter 3.9: sentence structure Chapter 3.10-11: figures of metaphor(ornate) Chapter 3.12: generic variation\nThe goal of the introduction of Isocrates\u0026rsquo; Helen: To arouse sympathy and claim some sort of superiority over his adversaries. The goal of epideictic introduction: To arouse empathy and connect with audiences. The goal of forensic introduction remains unclear.\nAll introductions must convey a sense of clarity. Establish a general idea about what\u0026rsquo;s the subject of the speech.\nForensic intro serves another important function: Discredit, abuse, slant or slander the adversary. Topics of such built up, and slander in conclusion.\nNarration must be in consistent with the rest of the oratory.\nStaseis: Structures of proofs that are appropriate to different genres of speech. Aristotle provides valuable insight to proofing.\nAncient Greek didn\u0026rsquo;t realize and value Aristotle\u0026rsquo;s Rhetoric. They didn\u0026rsquo;t put it into practice, only a mere panegyric. It is the Romanians who treasure the legacy and put it into practice.\nPoints of interests: Cope, Introduction to the ‘Rhetoric’ of Aristotle\nKennedy, The Art of Persuasion in Greece\nCicero, De Oratore\nAlcidamas\nPhaedrus, Plato\nCope (Introduction to the ‘Rhetoric’ of Aristotle)\nCicero\u0026rsquo;s speeches.\nCicero\u0026rsquo;s De Oratore, Ad Atticum\nPliny\nTacitus\nQuintilian Institutio Oratorio\nHugo Vickers’s In Defence of Rhetoric\nBekker\nAristotle, Prior Analytics, Posterior Analytics\nThe Art of Rhetoric by Aristotle Chapter 1.1 The Nature of Rhetoric Definition of Rhetoric:\nThe detection of the persuasive aspects of each matter and this is in line with all other skills.\nThe Genres of Oratory Chapter 1.2 The definition of rhetoric Enthymeme: The syllogism of rhetoric.\nDemonstration from the fact: is deduction in logic and enthymeme in rhetoric.\nDefinition of persuasiveness:\nPersuasiveness is persuasiveness for an individual, and in some cases a proposition convinces through being itself persuasive and immediately credible and in others by the belief that it has been demonstrated from premises that are so.\nRhetoric consider opinions of groups of a certain kind.\nDeductions premises are drawn from matters calling for rational discussion. Rhetoric\u0026rsquo;s premises are matters about which is established custom to deliberate.\nConditions for premises and conclusions:\nConclusions of previous syllogisms Con: Not easy to follow through because of the construction of premises. (syllogisms of not received opinions) Con: Not following common sense.(Otherwise it\u0026rsquo;s pointless.) Thus, both enthymeme and example(premises) must be:\nexample being inductive and enthymeme deductive.\nProbability, Evidence, and Signification The probable: What happens for the most part.\n-(the probable) = The minor(I made up)\nThe probable and -(the probable) or the minor, is like the general v.s. the particular.\nSigns: [The General]∪[The Particular]\nEvidence: The Necessary Sign = Possible Premises of syllogisms\n-(Evidence): The Unnecessary Sign\nImpossible to refute: Evidences are offered and the point conclusively demonstrated.(General to the particular)\nParticular to the general, bad example:\n∵ Socrates was wise. ∵ Socrates was just. -------------------- ∴ The wise are just. This is indeed a sign, but a refutable one, even if what it indicates is true, since it is non-deductive.\nEvidence, good example:\nThe patient was feverish. The patient was ill. The animal had milk. The animal had given birth. True indication(premise) constitutes evidence.\nGeneral to the particular, bad example:\nThe patient has rapid respiration. The patient has fever. What is Example Example is an induction, and the purpose is to illustrate the connection with the subject.\nExample\u0026rsquo;s bad scenario: The whole to the whole, part to the whole, the whole to the part.\nExample\u0026rsquo;s good scenario: The part to the part.\nGood Example of Example:\nPisistratus petitioned for a bodyguard. Pisistratus was granted a bodyguard. Pisistratus became tyrant. Theagenes in Megard petitioned for a bodyguard. Theagenes in Megard was granted a bodyguard. Theagenes became tyrant. Dionysius is petitioning for a bodyguard. Dionysius is plotting tyranny. ∴ Dionysius might became tyrant. Further, we can make an inductive conclusion that:\nPisistratus became tyrant after granted a bodyguard. Theagenes became tyrant after granted a bodyguard. ∴ Anyone is plotting tyranny asks for a bodyguard. Topics:\nspecial topics: premisses peculiar to a particular kind common topics: premises common to all. Chapter 1.3 Genres of the Rhetoric 3 Genres of rhetoric:\nDeliberative (future orientated) Exhortation Deterrence Forensic (past orientated) Prosecution Defense Display (present orientated) Praise Denigration Categories Genres Time-orientation Objectives Subjects Exhortation Deliberative Future Advantage, and others(Concede, but always urge) Admit of being or not being Deterrence Deliberative Future Harm, to dissuade, and others(Concede, but always deter) Prosecution Forensic Past Justice/Injustice, and others(Never Concede) Defense Forensic Past Justice/Injustice, and others(Never Concede) Praise Display Present(/historical/anticipatory) Praise, Nobility(Personal interests and gains, right or wrongs regardless, but the nobility matters) Denigration Display Present(/historical/anticipatory) Blame, Baseness(Personal interests and gains, right or wrongs regardless, but the denigration matters) Evidence, probability and signs are the premisses in rhetoric\nOther aspects that all orators tend to demonstrate: the degree of which their objectives are delivered, relative size, general/particular\u0026hellip;\nChapter 1.4 The province of deliberation Objective: Urge advantages or dissuasion.\nFive subjects of deliberation:\nRevenue: Not only adding possessions, but also avoiding expenses, not only learn from experience, but also from surveying elsewhere. War and Peace: Learn every outcome, gain / loss, from every similar circumstance from the past, analyze the present, and forecast the future for latent gains/loss. Make peace with the stronger and opt to invade the weaker. Import and Export: Know the extent and nature of what outlay suffices the city, home-grown and imported, what produce should be exported, what imported, so that there may be treaties and agreements. Keep good terms with the people, Legislation: democracy is destroyed not only by relaxation to oligarchy, but also intensification. Must know the advantageous measure of the constitution, and intrinsic or antagonistic factors they are prone to be overthrown. Must possess knowledge to ascertain the laws of the nations. The defense of the realm: Must know how the city is defended, numbers of the guard, location of the guard-posts, support the inadequate, prune the supernumerary. Chap 1.5 Happiness Happiness(eudaimonia) is the ultimate goal of any human conduct.\nLet happiness, then, be virtuous welfare, or self-sufficiency in life or the pleasantest secure life or material and physical well-being accompanied by the capacity to safeguard or procure the same\nBirth: to be indigenous or ancient and to have distinguished founders with many descendants distinguished in matters that excite envy.\nOffspring: the presence of much excellent youth, excellent in point of physical virtue, such as size, beauty, strength and competitive capacity.\nWealth: abundance of money and land, the possession of estates outstanding for number, extent and beauty and also that of furniture, slaves and cattle of outstanding numbers and quality, all these being owned, secure, liberal and useful. Utility has more to do with fruitfulness, liberality with consumption. being rich lies more in using than in having, as wealth is the realization and consumption of this sort of thing.\nReputation: taken to be a serious figure or to possess something that everybody wants, or the majority, or the virtuous or the prudent, and honour is a mark of a reputation for good works, and it is those who have done good works that are rightly and most particularly honoured, although a man capable of good works is also honoured.\nThe elements of honour are: sacrifices, memorials both in verse and without metre, rewards, sanctuaries, precedence, tombs, statues, public maintenance, barbarian practices, such as genuflection and standing back, and gifts, which are valued by all recipients. Health:\nYoung: Free from disease, useful body and pleasant to look. Old: Free from pain, sufficiency against troubles. Strength: Power to manipulate others at will, by dragging, pushing, lifting, pressing or squeezing. Size: Exceed in all 3 dimensions above, the faster to excel, the better. Friends: Has people who performs for his self-interest. The more the better.\nFortune: Possess good things that happen in nature, or by luck. The more, the better; the more important, the better.\nVirtue.\nChap 1.6 The Good and The Expedient As a deliberative orator, it\u0026rsquo;s not about what is happiness, but about (how) to achieve happiness.\nDefinition of Good:\nLet the good, then, be whatever is to be chosen for its own sake and that for which we choose other things, and the objects of general desire or that of all sensory or intelligent creatures, or what would be for others if they acquired mind, and such things as intuition would attribute to each individual, and what particular intuition does assign to each individual\nDe-abstract, what it means \u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo; for an individual:\n\u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo; is either for self-interest or interests of others.\n\u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo; is the object of general desire or that of all creatures that are sensory or intelligent or acquire mind.\nSuch things as intuition would attribute \u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo; to each individual, and some particular intuition would assign \u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo; to each individual.\nSelf-sufficiency: whatever produces or preserves all these things, and that which they accompany, and the things preventative and destructive of their opposites. 2 kinds of accompaniment of the \u0026ldquo;Good\u0026rdquo;: Simultaneous(Life w/ health), subsequent, the advantage of lacking a bad thing is immediate and that of having a good thing is subsequent.\n3 things produce health: 1. being healthy; 2. food; 3. exercise\nAcquisition /rejection of the \u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo;: You acquire greater good than lesser good, lesser evil than greater evil. The rejection is the opposite.\nItemized list of \u0026ldquo;Goodness\u0026rdquo;:\nHappiness: Intrinsically eligible and self-sufficient. Virtues of the soul: Justice, courage, restraint, magnanimity, splendour, \u0026hellip; Health \u0026amp; beauty Wealth: virtue of possession. Friendship and the friend Status and reputation Verbal and practical capacity Wit, memory, aptitude to learn Being alive Integral premises of the above:\nThat whose opposite is an evil is a good. That whose opposite is in one\u0026rsquo;s enemies\u0026rsquo; interest. In general, whatever the enemy wants or in whatever they rejoice, its opposite is an apparent good. This is, however, not universal but for the most part. There is nothing to stop the same thing’s being on occasion expedient for opponents. Hence the remark that evils bring men together, whenever the same thing threatens them both.\nWhat is not excessive is good and what is greater than it should be bad. The object of much effort and expenditure. Also:\nWhat the many aspire and what is openly contested. What is praised Sometimes hostile or base men applaud. What a wise or good man or woman has preferred. Preferred things in general. Whatever occurs as desired. Personal things, things that no one else has, and outstanding things. Things that suit people, which are belong to them by birth or position. Things easily accomplished. Things that amuse friends and are detested by foes. Things that those admired prefer to do. Things that no bad guys want. Whatever men happen to be keen on. Chapter 1.7 The relative expediency Definition of relative advantage and expediency:\nLet the exceeding advantage, then, be so much and more and that which is exceeded be what is below it, the greater and more numerous being always relative to a lesser, and large and small and many and few being relative to majority dimensions, the excessive being the large, the deficient the small and the same going for many and few.\n\u0026ldquo;Good\u0026rdquo; is what intrinsically eligible and not for the sake of something else.\nGenerally:\nMore good is better than less good; Less bad is better than more bad; If the greatest advantage of one kind exceeds the greatest of another or others of its own kind, and, when one kind exceeds another, then the greatest of the first exceeds that of the second Also when a accompanies b, but not b to a, either either simultaneously or sequentially or potentially Things exceed by more are greater That whose cause is greater, the better The eligible in itself more than the not eligible in itself If one thing were to be an end and the other not(e.g. well-being of the body is an end, exercise is not.) What needs less of some other thing or things When one thing could not be without the other, or would not be able to come about, but the other could without it, as what lacks the need is more self-sufficient, thus better. What is relatively rarer more than what is abundant what is harder is better than what is easier, as it is rarer. That whose opposite is the greater and that whose remark is more serious Things whose functions are more or less noble are greater goods or evils, and also of those things whose defects and virtues are more important the functions are greater, and those whose functions are nobler or baser are greater, since, as are the causes and principles, so are the effects and, as are the effects, so are the causes and principles. Things whose excess is more eligible or more noble, as accurate sight is more eligible than accurate smell the excesses of better things are better and those of nobler things nobler. Things the desire for which is nobler and better Things of which the sciences are nobler or more serious and the actions are nobler and more weighty What the wise would judge to be good or have so judged or all men or the absolute or relative majority or the most powerful The properties of better men either in general or in so far as they are better, in the way that courage is better than strength. ","date":"2023-10-25T12:04:57+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/notes-on-aristotles-rhetoric/","title":"Notes on Aristotle's Rhetoric"},{"content":"Keyword Intelligence by Ron Jones The site has been running for 3 months. We are starting to get some inquiries, but for from enough. Keyword Research is one of my top priorities. This is the only book in my library that address this.\nGlossary PPC: Pay-per-click\nThe basis of the PPC program is that you bid on the keywords for which you want your ads to show upon the keywords that will trigger your ad. This required a better understanding of the right keywords to buy or to bid for\u0026hellip;\nAds, which the search engines place in and around the search results, are the other type of links.\nSEO: search engine optimization\nOrganic listings are the “free” listings that the search engines present as the most relevant sites it believes match the users’ search query.\nSEM: Search Engine Marketing\nKeyword: Search queries\nSERP: search engine results pages\nCTR: Click-through-rate\nCPC: Cost per click\nCVR: Conversion Rates\nCPA: Cost per acquisition\nKR: Keyword Research\nKD: Keyword Difficulty\nKW: Keyword\nGA: Google Analytics\nResources, links and tools Jessica Bowman @ SEOinhouse.com: An SEO training and consulting company.\nGoogle AdWords Keyword Tool: Find out what keywords are not being used and add them to your keyword list.\nKeyword Discovery (www.keyworddiscovery.com): Find out what keywords are not being used and add them to your keyword list.\nWord tracker (www.wordtracker.com): Find out what keywords are not being used and add them to your keyword list.\nWordstream (www.wordstream.com): Find out what keywords are not being used and add them to your keyword list.\niSpionage (www.ispionage.com): provide information on an organization’s PPC and SEO efforts.\nKeywordSpy (www.keywordspy.com) is similar to the others and helps you keep track of the most highly searched keywords.\nCompete (www.compete.com) and Quantcast (www.quantcast.com). Both of these tools go beyond finding your competition’s keywords. They provide insight into your competitors’ site traffic and demographic data.\nTrellian’s Keyword Discovery tool (http://keyworddiscovery.com): general-use, all-around keyword tools.\nWordStream: https://www.wordstream.com/free-keyword-tools\nWordtracker: https://www.wordtracker.com/\nAlibaba 后台选词参谋+市场参谋+产品参谋(Cross reference w/ other tools)\nChapter 1 History and background Pointes of interests: Keyword definition: A word or phrase that represents a larger concept or idea. The reason we fail to find what we are looking for usually stems from the search query we came up with and the keyword phrase the content developer uses.\nFirst search engine: Archie. Keywords are the gatekeepers of information. You just need to know the right password to get in.\nAn interesting point of view, I never thought keywords this way.\nThe idea of gaining higher rank\u0026hellip; drive increased traffic. This insight\u0026hellip; marked the beginning of search engine optimization (SEO) as an industry. One of the key fundamentals of SEO is keyword research.\n\u0026ldquo;An insight drove an industry.\u0026rdquo; This is another interesting perceptive. My insight derived from his. Interesting how evolution taken place, deriving new from the old.\nKeywords and Keyword research are vital for success for:\nOnline searching begins with a query: A keyword represent what you are looking for, also important when managing search expectations. KR is strategic: The foundation is a list of tested, verified keywords, organized to complement marketing channels. Without a strategy, will become lost in depths of random pages without a focus. Foundation for all marketing campaigns: Keyword Research is part of a branding campaign. Use keywords to craft positioning statements or product and service descriptions. Online campaigns: SEO PPC Social Media: use the right keywords in your conversations with blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and other social media sites. Local / Mobile: Local and mobile search companies need to have their listings filled out properly using keywords that are at the core of what they do. Video and image search: Videos and images need to be tagged with the right keywords in their descriptions. Display and banner Email Real-time search Offline campaigns: Print: Press, news, TV commercials, now all go online as well. Publications being digitized. TV Radio: Speech-to-text help convert speech to text and index, then go online. Public Relations(PR) Branding and Positioning Direct Marketing Billboard Offline marketing Insufficiency leads to waste of time and money Keyword research is a core function for all online marketing initiatives.\nMany marketers are turning to social media to help them with reputation management.\nHaving a unified keyword strategy improves your likelihood of ranking well with search engines by focusing all of your online content intently on your most important keywords.\nEssentially, you are not only influencing the way people think about your brand but also the search queries they will use to find you on the Internet.\nHow wrong keywords are costly:\nMundane and tedious, time-consuming and hard to automate. Low conversion means wrong traffic. Contains more implicit challenges, and it takes much resource to just realize those problems, KR needs to happen ahead of any campaign. SET UP A SITE ANALYTIC, so you can analyze the core keywords, types of traffic\u0026hellip; Suffice it to say that embarking on any online marketing campaign without having a solid keyword research study will come back to haunt you. Make sure you take the time to get this done correctly, and test and validate your list to ensure that you have identified the right keywords for your campaigns.\n6 principles of Keyword Research 1. The secret formula\nThe Right Keywords + Relevant Destination Content = Conversions\nThe Right Keywords + Relevant Destination Content = Conversions\nThe Right Keywords + Relevant Destination Content = Conversions\nBy identifying the right keywords and then connecting them to relevant destination content, you will achieve a higher conversion rate.\n2. Keyword Relevance\nA skeleton of keyword campaign:\nConversion: be it contact form, final shopping cart, or download page\u0026hellip;.\nif the keywords that have been researched can then be shared with those who are driving the messaging, there can be another great benefit. If the core keywords can be embedded into the messages from the beginning, then they can actually influence the keywords that are chosen to be used in a search query. This is powerful. For those that are trying to condense their expectation into keywords, it is possible to help them with messaging that includes your targeted keywords. So don’t underestimate the power of other channels to influence your target audience.\n3. Keywords and the Buying Cycle\nYou should find this information(buying cycle) or begin the process of conducting this research within your company.\nIf I choose keywords that are general or broad, I am likely to attract visitors who are not ready to convert, who are just looking for information. If I chose more specific keywords, then I am likely to attract an audience who is ready to convert. Which audience would you rather have? I am not saying that attracting a broad audience is bad, but you need to have a different expectation from that group. You need to treat them differently. Teach them what to look for in a bike, for instance, and be a good resource for them as they collect their needed information. Then, if they have a good experience, they might return and buy from you.\n4. Broad Keywords vs. Specific Keywords\nBroad Keywords: General, Popular, More often - Give you more impressions. Ramp up the PPC costs, lower conversion rates.\nSpecific Keywords: Give you more CTRs as well as conversion rates, but not as many impressions as Broad Keywords.\nBasically, broad keywords and specific keywords determines two directions of PPC campaign: Branding oriented v.s. conversion oriented.\nThe strategic decision you need to make is whether to make your campaign more branding oriented or more conversion oriented. If you are out to gain impressions and that is the success metric you are focusing on, then broad keywords will work best for you. On the other hand, if you are looking for searchers to become customers, specific keywords should be in your strategy\u0026hellip; You at least need to be able to see the dynamics between the two and plan accordingly.\nStrategy Tactic Branding strategy Broad keywords Conversion strategy Specific keywords Hybrid strategy Broad and specific keywords 5. The Long Tail\nAnother thing that is related to broad and specific keywords is the long tail. The term long tail was popularized by Chris Anderson of WIRED magazine who later wrote a book on the topic. The example he used was how Amazon generates most of its revenue from a large number of specialized titles, not necessarily the big, high-selling blockbusters you come across in bookstores. The idea is that each specialized title may only sell small quantities per year, but there are enormous amounts of them.\nPoint of interest: Chris Anderson\n6. Keyword Interpretation\nSo it is important to pay close attention to actual traffic and the sales you gain from your keywords and not just your ranking in search engines. You will often be surprised at which keywords are really performing and which are not.\nWhat can you do to get them to convert? Or do you need to eliminate that keyword from your campaign and target a different set of visitors who will convert?\nSo using PPC to test your keywords and learn about how they perform is a great way to study your target audience and learn their behavior.\nLearn target audience How they reach your site Commonly used phrases Check your understanding of your target audience Other Observe which keywords are performing for SEO and PPC Rank in 1 SERP Measure traffic Test to see which work and which do not Get ideas for new content, services or products Chapter 2 How to develop a keyword strategy KR is part of a marketing campaign. So, to integrate it, you will need a marketing campaign first.\nA brief skeleton of a marketing plan:\nA definition of your business A description of your products or services A profile of your target audience Your company’s role in relation to your competition The unique positioning of your company Why you are unique and compelling to your customers Your pricing strategy Your distribution channels Your competitive market segments This strategy document should be used to judge the appropriateness of business actions. If business actions take a course that isn’t outlined, then you should reassess your actions to get back on course. Strategies should be written to be measurable and actionable. This is key. Your strategy sets the criteria in which you will be able to measure success.\nConclusion Develop Your Marketing Strategy, Plan, and Goals\nA strategy outlines your goals, visions. A plan outlines the specific actions to fulfill the strategy.\nKR not only part of the marketing strategy/plan, but also ingrained to the minds of all constituents, like a mission statement.\nWrite the copy and content for each campaign channel.\nKeywords: Consistent, Awareness, Relevancy, Conversion\n**Decide Marketing Channels **\nGoal of Drive-To-Site Campaign: Deliver on target audiences\u0026rsquo; expectations. Providing visitors with the information they need and leading them down the path to a conversion.\nGoal of Website: Convert visitors to customers.\n3 aspects of development process of a site:\nVisual Design Technical Design Behavioral Design AD, website, store\u0026hellip; need to be consistent in visual.\nTech includes server architecture, web apps, databases.\nBehavioral is the most important.\nToo often a look-and-feel treatment is designed first without any consideration for the audience and its participation on the site. Then when a visual skin is applied to the technical infrastructure, behavioral factors are considered as an afterthought. This is a recipe for failure.\nBuild visual and technical elements towards customers\u0026rsquo; needs.\nKR plays a role in Behavioral design by giving you insight to keywords trends and thus construct information structure and content design, helps you anticipate users needs and expectations.\nMeasure the performance of drive-to-site channels and website.\nHow to measure success\nyou have thought ahead of the process and have visualized what success looks like. If you apply what we previously discussed, then you should visualize success in the form of overall business goals.\nMetrics needs to be tied w/ business goals. Solid understanding of business goals and define metrics for each campaign.\nDefine success metrics within your marketing plan as a whole, and then define them for each campaign.\nThe point here is to help you understand how you can tie all of your marketing campaigns to a single goal, in this case, profit and ROI.\nDivide analytics data into qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative analysis would seek to answer these questions:\nAre you reaching the right audience? Are you providing valuable content? Does your brand have a positive sentiment? Quantitative data would answer these questions:\nHow much traffic came from a specific campaign? How many followers did we gain? What was our click-through rate (CTR)? Add qualitative analysis to campaigns.\nSetting SMART Goals\nS = Specific\nM = Measurable\nA = Attainable\nR = Realistic\nT = Timely\nE.g.: “Increase our average monthly unique visitors to our website from 10,000 to 15,000 within six months with top five targeted keywords.” V.S. “Increase our website traffic this year.” (Specific, Measurable, Timely, 6 months)\nE.g.: “Increase our ranking for target keyword from page 6 to page 2 within the next six months” V.S. \u0026ldquo;Ranked No. 1 in SEO campaign.\u0026rdquo; (Realistic, Attainable, Timely: 6 months)\nNot only have long-term goals, but also short-term milestones.\nBenchmarking\nEvaluate data with a standard, a reference within a context(industry, competitors, when you first started\u0026hellip;)\nBenchmarking is a simple concept, but it will help to put your statistics in a clearer context that has more meaning. To gain a little more insight into benchmarking, you might find SEOmoz’s blog post on SEO and social media benchmarking useful: www.seomoz.org/blog/seo-and-social-media-benchmarking.\nTeam Members and Their Roles and Goals\nGeneral challenges that face Internet marketing teams:\nContent: Images, texts, let the content stakeholder be part of the game. Clear strategies and goals: Transmit clear goals to all members, make sure messages and direction are right in place. Success metrics and methodology: Identify and understanding the real success metrics, build ROI metric model and understood by all. Competitive response: Try to see what your competitors are doing and leveraging new marketing efforts while focusing on the inside. Organization Design\nMatrix Structure: Goal is to get more of an interdisciplinary collaboration to take place.\nAs you can see in Figure 2-2, this structure is organized with members reporting primarily to some kind of director or supervisor on a day-to-day basis. Additionally, each discipline is grouped together and meets regularly to share ideas and innovations. So each column represents accounts, while each row focuses on the discipline. However, the team sits together daily as an account team, which is made up of creative, technical, and behavioral roles, for example. This will also work for other disciplines you might have\u0026hellip; still satisfy the need for each team member to work and collaborate with their own discipline.\nEmbedded Structure: Based on Matrix Structure, assign certain members into other divisions and department and they can report to that department. Brings closer relationship.\nDirect Report Structure: Place a team member within another department and have them report directly to that department.\nTraining Structure Conduct SEO/SEM training for each division and department.\nOutside Vendor Structure Hire SEM/SEO vendors, having face-to-face meetings, let them know your needs, key takeaways, recommendations\u0026hellip; Become more educated and equipped to make wiser marketing decisions. Treat them like a team in your own organization with a partnership, not vendorship.\nKeyword Research Brief Just as a creative or technical brief outlines general strategy, the keyword research brief would be a one-pager that outlines the targeted keywords that are to be used for marketing purposes and any related, insightful data around these keywords. It would also include the proper use of the keywords in editorial, print, and other content that is developed for the company.\nKeyword Competitive Intelligence\nPoints of interest: SpyFu, Hot Chili Crisp Fly By Jing, KR brief a template.\nOne simple way to learn more about what keywords your competition is using is to go to any page of their website and view the page source to look at their HTML tags.\nYou are just looking for the keywords used in the title, meta keyword, and meta description tags. It may not help with SEO\u0026hellip; but\u0026hellip; what our competition intends to be ranked for.\nHTML tags: title, meta name=\u0026quot;description\u0026quot;, meta name=\u0026quot;keywords\u0026quot;\nE.g. nationwide.com:\n\u0026lt;title\u0026gt; Nationwide Insurance - Auto Insurance Quotes and Car Insurance Rates \u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta name=\u0026#34;description\u0026#34; content= \u0026#34;Auto insurance from Nationwide - Save up to $43 every month on car insurance! Get your insurance quote online and start saving today! Learn more about our competitive auto insurance rates - Get a quote online or contact us to speak to an insurance agent.\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta name=\u0026#34;keywords\u0026#34; content= \u0026#34;car insurance, auto insurance, online auto insurance, auto insurance rates, car insurance quote\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; The keywords I would derive from this are “nationwide insurance”, “auto insurance quotes”, “car insurance”, and even “insurance”. You now have the brand name and two very specific keywords that describe what this web page is all about.\nIn any case, it is good to include your core keywords in the description as well as the title tag and in other key places\u0026hellip; Your core keywords are those that are strategic to your company’s goals like “auto insurance” is for Nationwide.\nKeyword Gap Analysis\nA keyword gap analysis is analyzing the keywords being used and noting those that should be there but are missing. Find out what keywords are not being used and add them to your keyword list.\nGet started with SEO tools.\nWhat Is Your Competition Seeing about You?\nUse these tips and tools on your own site to see what you are revealing about yourself.\nKeyword Research Process Brainstorming: Find All Possible Keywords: Use everything to get as much seed keywords as possible. Use spreadsheet to organize. Rule nothing out, as it will be done in phase two. Tools utilization: Chapter 3: KR Tools, methods: Chapter 4: Finding KWs Refine: Identify High-Potential Keywords: Annual searches, Monthly trend, search share among search engines, bidding, competition index. Make sense of the data. Weighted scoring and rank keywords using evaluation criteria. Then determine which set used for which campaign. Evaluate the popularity, competitiveness, broadness/specific, relevancy to business, relevancy to website\u0026hellip; Core KWs for SEO, extension KWs for PPC. Categorize: Organize into Categories or Audience Segments: Category is all about relevancy. KWs can be used to build web architecture by matching the themed KWs to the corresponding content. Help: Chap 5: 7 Steps to refine KWs. Create more tabs for each category. Test: Test and Validate Keyword Performance: Organize test sets, about 5 - 10% of the internet marketing campaign. It is very important for your visitors and especially for search engines that you have solid, keyword-focused pages that search engines can find, index, and rank you for.\nChapter 3: KR tools KW and KR Funnel For Searches Stage 1 Tools, good for seed KWs:\nGoogle AdWords Keyword Tool Microsoft adCenter Advertising Intelligence Trellian Keyword Discovery WordTracker WordStream SEOmoz For SERP Stage 2 tools for analyzing SERPs:\nAdGooroo(Now Adthena) SpyFu The Search Monitor Conductor Covario Rank Above BrightEdge SEOmoz For CTR Stage 3 tools for analyzing SERP conversions, CTRs:\ncomScore Search Planner Hitwise Search Intelligence Compete Pro Search Analytics(Ceased operation) Trellian Search Term Intelligence Tool Alexa(ceased operation) AdGooroo, now Adthena For Conversion comScore Search Planner, now proprietary Hitwise Search Intelligence, bought by connexity, now proprietary Compete Pro Search Analytics(ceased operation) Pricing Chart How data are mined Search engines (For example, Google collects its own data, contain bot data) Search engine APIs (same as above, contain bot data) Browser toolbars (Mediocre) Purchases from ISPs (Authentic, price goes up) Panels of selected participants (Most authentic, but costly) Why tools report differently Because of the data sources.\nSo when you look at your results, you need to look at them in relative terms. Because none of the keyword tools provide perfect numbers, it is important to not take them too literally. Another way to deal with this is to pick the keyword tool of your choice and stick with it as a base.\nScale the results in a proper perspective(1 - 10, weighted) in Chap 5.\nTools for Stage 1 and 2 Trillion\u0026rsquo;s Trellian’s Keyword Discovery tool (http://keyworddiscovery.com): General, including data from 200 search engines, data derived from toolbar. Offers free trial, subs start from 50$ a month, 500$ a year.\nPricing and feature Link: https://www.keyworddiscovery.com/keyword-plans.html\nUI:\nMain function 1: Projects\nresearch your keyword and place it into separate projects. These projects might represent clients, campaigns, or even ad groups. You will find the Project drop-down menu at the top of your browser in the application strip\nDatabases:\nGlobal Premium: Real Users data collected in toolbars, date back 12 months.\nHistorical Global: All data from 200 search engines including bots and rankers inflation. Only use it when compare STDEV or relative scaling.\nHistorical check box: The sum of data of which you choose dated back from Aug 2006. Historical Global Always contains data from all time, anything.\nCan select databases corresponding to specific regions.\nQuestion Phrases: As searchers become more savvy about using search engines, they are finding that a straightforward question sometimes gets the best results. So as this trend continues to grow, Keyword Discovery has provided a tool to help visualize which keyword “question” phrases are most popular.\nSearch term filters: Play around, understand each one. The question marks can help with descriptions.\nAdd interested KWs to projects. Can navigate the KWs by clicking and gain more insightful data.\nTrends: Shows Historical, Monthly, Trend Graph\nMarket Share: Shows what percent of traffic does each search engine contain.\nWordStream WS\u0026rsquo;s data derived from multiples sources, including: ISPs, Toolbars, Search Engines, then use algorithms, statistic models, weightings to aggregate the data.\nHere are some of the free tools that Wordstream offers:\nFree Keyword tool Free Keyword Niche Finder Free Keyword Grouper: Auto categorize your KWs in bulk. Free Negative Keyword tool: Cancel out undesirable KWs. AdWords Performance Grader Wordtracker Website: https://www.wordtracker.com/\nData derived from multiple sources, including metacrawlers with real user\u0026rsquo;s search queries by https://metacrawler.com \u0026amp; https://dogpile.com and ISPs, data can be trusted.\nUsage similar to PPC campaigns, supports projects which can be break down into lists. Projects are campaigns, lists are ad groups.\nCan choose data sources from Google regional dbs or Wordtracker dbs, WT dbs supports additional filters(Google DB == WT DB\u0026rsquo;s KW in anyorder filter, broad match).\nSearch count: then number of times each KW appears in the DB over the past 365 days.\nIAAT: In anchor and Title: KW appears in both the title tag of the page and the anchor text of an external link to the page.\nKEI \u0026amp; KEI3: refer to WT official web.\nThe keyword effectiveness index (KEI) is a metric that combines two important other metrics: the number of monthly keyword searches (popularity) and the number of websites (competition) that have that exact keyword in at least one of its incoming hyperlinks, which Wordtracker refers to as All in Anchor. There are two cases where this comes into play:\nThe KEI figure will go up when the keyword’s popularity increases. The KEI figure will go down when there is more competition for a keyword. The KEI formula is as follows:\nKEI =- (# of Searches ^2/ In Anchor)\nKEI3 provides a slightly different calculation to assess the keyword popularity and the level of competition together in one metric:\nKEI3 = (# of Searches / Competition “In Anchor and Title”)\nWordtracker recommends that you should look at this number in relative terms instead of taking it too literally. I recommend this approach to any keyword tool. Many of these tools attempt to automate the tedious process of helping you find your best keywords, but you need to scrutinize your final list and test them to validate their potential.\nGoogle Adwords Keyword Tool Now branded as Google Ads \u0026amp; Google Trend.\nDated. Refer to Book, Chap3, Engine-Specific Tools.\nStage 3 \u0026amp; 4 KW tools KW competitive Anaysis\nSpyfu Great for competitiveness research. See competitors PPC campaigns, budgets, etc. Search by domains. SpyFu Classic. Refer to Book.\nKWSpy Find out most profitable KWs, PPC competitos, etc. Refer to Book.\niSpionage PPC focused. Review competitors ads, ad budgets, top-performing KWs.\ncomScore Search Planner A full range from searches to conversions, general and comprehensive SEO marketing competitiveness research intelligence, and more(such as latent conversion). Data is panel centric.\nHitwise Search Intelligence Data derived from ISPs, fast populated. Report KW metrics in percentages instead of numbers.\nCompete Pro Search Analytics Data is from Compete Toolbar, ISP, and ASP. Cheap and provides a free trial.\nChap 4: Finding KWs Review: KW research:\nFind, Brainstorm Refine Categorize Validate, Test Decipher Myths You cannot generalize that the tools and computers can do all the work for you, that is, finding the exact KWs that have the best performance, it only HELP you with such objective. It will never be your all-knowing almighty to decide what\u0026rsquo;s good for you, what you want, what you are looking for. You need to scrutinize, study and consider, decide your KWs and KW pools.\nThe correct mindset for approaching tools is to think “computeraided,” not “computerautomated.” Keyword tools will help in the process and will shave off some time, but they cannot do it all. You will need to step in and provide human intervention by scrutinizing, studying, and considering all of your keyword choices.\nWhat is a \u0026ldquo;Seed KW\u0026rdquo;:\nThey are usually one or two word phrases that are less specific but represent a major theme or idea.\nMethods:\nKR Tools Dictionary Seed KW Tool: http://www.seedkeywords.com: Turn scenarios to KWs. Enables for team co-op for KW finding process. Derivative Seeds of the Seeds Mind-mapping: Primary topics first, then break down into secondary topics, brainstorm into branches, while maintain a clear relationship between KWs. General steps to find new KWs.\nExhaust all internal resources within the organization. Study the industry Study the competitors within the industry, their marketing channels and KWs they used for these channels. Step outside the industry and study KWs used by public, seedkeywords.com can help, know what KWs consumers use. Modifiers: consider misspellings, plural/singular forms, variants to finalize. Within your company Consider dusting off your mission and vision statements and looking for words that speak to who you are as a company or a brand.\nPlaces to looks for:\nCompany statements, such as brand/positioning statements and mission and vision statements Press releases and news articles about you Product/service information and brochures Company websites, blogs, and social media sites Tagline/Positioning Statements examples:\nProfessional money management services for discerning investors Factory direct, fine luxury furniture Oak furniture for every room in your house Low-cost vitamins for active seniors Equity strategies for low-risk investors Some more real life examples:\nHeinz “Our VISION, quite simply, is to be ‘THE WORLD’S PREMIER FOOD COMPANY, OFFERING NUTRITIOUS, SUPERIOR TASTING FOODS TO PEOPLE EVERYWHERE.’ Being the premier food company does not mean being the biggest but it does mean being the best in terms of consumer value, customer service, employee talent, and consistent and predictable growth. We are well on our way to realizing this Vision but there is more we must do to fully achieve it.” Sears “To be the preferred and most trusted resource for the products and services that enhance home and family life.” Amazon.com “Our vision is to be earth’s most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online.” Facebook “Facebook is a social utility that helps people communicate more efficiently with their friends, family and coworkers. The company develops technologies that facilitate the sharing of information through the social graph, the digital mapping of people’s real-world social connections. Anyone can sign up for Facebook and interact with the people they know in a trusted environment.” Company\u0026rsquo;s Website 2 Methods besides web statements, marketing, web content:\nSite Analytics Log Analyzer Site Analytics Goal:\nTo gain more Seeds; Gain some insight to the conversions. Need to setup GA for a period of time and track valuable info.\nWhere to look at: Google Analytics - Traffic Sources - Keywords\nHow to use GA and objectives of GA:\nP.S.: A high bounce rate means low conversion, a low bounce rate might mean a better conversion.\nFind KWs that converses well/badly Derived from the above goal, set up the conversion goal for the website and track conversion info tailored to these goals. Identify high-performing KWs. Google KW tool can help to find KWs specific to the web defined.\nWebsite Search Engine Goal:\nTo understand why some KWs are good; To gear the marketing campaign towards those KWs; To gain more seed KWs. The terms you come up with provide only an educated guess as to how you can attract customers to your site.\nA website search engine eliminates that guesswork. Need IT work to extract the data.\nKIM that the most popular used KW doesn\u0026rsquo;t necessarily mean that the KW is good, it might mean you have some usability problems on your site or that the PPC campaign is driving the wrong traffic.\nWithin Your Industry Find niche: Positions in the industry Goal :\nDefine your niche; Find relative Seeds to your niche; Explore other seeds in the industry that might be close fits to your niche. First, understand what your place in the industry is.\nThen, mine KWs related to the niche.\nKIM that your Seeds should be relevant to your niche/position, E.g. if you target high-end market, it makes no sense to PPC a KW like \u0026ldquo;cheap XXX\u0026rdquo;, no matter how popular the latter one is.\n2nd approach: Use KW Discovery to help find the industry themes/KWs/categories/groupings.\nOther sources to zoom in industry phrases/jargons/terminology:\nMagazines/Journals: Find related publications online, including: articles/stories/reviews\u0026hellip; Membership Organizations: Professionals often host events, programs, etc. Trade Organizations From Your Competition Goal:\nGain more insight to competitors; Gain more relative seeds. Research your competitors websites to be informed. Study their statements, branding messages, marketing campaigns. It even helps to find your own value proposition.\nSocial media and blogs Goal:\nGain more insights from outside looking inside; Gain more insights from the public perspective and consumer thoughts; Gain more seeds. A source to find relative news: Technorati(www.technorati.com)\nFocus groups and surveys Goal:\nGain more seeds Gain more insights Another great method to find out consumer needs, wants, desires. E.g. Facebook groups, Twitter polls.\nHashtags Goal:\nGain more seeds; Gain more insight to the events; Tools might help: Hashtags.org (www.hashtags.org)\nSocial tagging and tag clouds Delicious (http://delicious.com/tag), StumbleUpon (www.stumbleupon.com/tag/), and Technorati (www.technorati.com/tag/)\nBlogs and discussion boards Where to look at: Blogs, Groups, Forums.\nKIM: authority, frequency, and freshness\nGoal:\nGain more seeds(buzzwords and common phrases); Find relevant info; Google Groups (http://groups.google.com) and Yahoo Groups (http://groups.yahoo.com)\nModify Seed KWs Thesaurus Merriam-Webster has a good online thesaurus at www.m-w.com. Thesaurus.com, at www.thesaurus.com, is even better, some other online dictionaries, synonyms.\nPlural and Singular Forms Make sure to cover both plural and singular forms.\nMisspellings and typos If the KW is challenging to spell, better to test the misspellings and cover these.\nkeyword typo generator: https://morganmarshall.github.io/typogenerator/\nPrefixing Think what the audiences might append before your seed KW.\nSuffixing Think what the audiences might append after your seed KW.\nKW stemming It\u0026rsquo;s a kind of discover the etymology of the KW.\nE.g.\nTechnology management Management Manage Managed, managing, manager, managerial, manageable, unmanageable, unmanaged, unmanagerial\u0026hellip; Mix-and-match and wipe out the nonsensical. Switch places. Summary KIM:\nRecord, take notes; Provoke creativity; Use spreadsheet to manage the findings; Chap 5: 7 Steps to Refine KWs According to this book, I have successfully developed several Python scripts tailored for Alibaba KW data that can :\nConvert Excel files to CSV files. Remove duplicates, outliers and defect data entries. Categorize keywords dataset into: 1-2 words Keywords 3-4 words Keywords long-tails Analyze and visualize the word frequency for each file: Single word frequency Phrase frequency(bigrams, trigrams, long-tails etc.) Normalize, standardize the data(Search Index \u0026amp; Competition) Calculate the relevancy and specificity based on natural language processing(NLP). Compute the weighted overall score and sort the data based on which. File structure:\n|-- KR-process-stage-1 | |-- general-analysis | | `-- alibaba | | `-- test | |-- original-data | | |-- KWDiscovery | | |-- WordTracker | | |-- alibaba | | `-- moz | |-- overview | | `-- alibaba | `-- preprocessed-data | `-- alibaba |-- KR-process-stage-2 | |-- overview | `-- test `-- scripts 17 directories Descriptions:\nThe scripts will first processes the data from original-data and export the results to the preprocessed-data folder; then do the general analysis, which is to analyze the words frequencies, to give a brief idea of the impact of the words, and then export the results to the general-analysis folder; then do an overview and export to results to the overview folder.\nAfter all of which is done, the KR-process-stage-1 is complete. Then the scripts will analyze and compute the results according to these metrics:\nRelevancy Specificity Normalized click rate. Normalized popularity YeoJohnson Transformed search index Normalized standardized competition Normalized standardized search index All metrics are scaled from 1 to 10. Weights are in NLP-KW-analysis.py. During the analysis process, the script will also output the statistics of each file. Popularity is the product of the search index and click rate. The normalized click rate, normalized popularity, normalized standardized search index, YeoJohnson Transformed search index all contribute to the popularity score in the book.\nThe NLP-KW-analysis.py utilizes several approaches, manipulations and strategies to quantize, analyze and compute these metrics. The algorithm contains four predefined sets of keywords which are essential to calculate the relevancy of the target keyword in the data set. These keyword sets are hard-coded in the script. They are: business-keywords, main-feature-keywords and unwanted-keywords, rare-terms. The script first vectorize the target keywords and these predefined keyword sets and then calculate the cosine similarity between the vectorization of the target keywords and the vectorization of the predefined keyword sets. The rare terms are used to calculate the specificity score. Generally speaking the lengthier, the more specific it is but it is not always the case. E.g. tremella or collagen tripeptide are short in length, but they are very specific and professional in specific fields. After the analysis, the KR-process-stage-2 is complete.\nAll the other manipulations refer to the book, Chapter 5.\nA snippet of the final results:\nChap 6 Using KWs for SEO Goals:\nDrive Traffic to Alibaba store by SEO organic traffic and P4P traffic, tailored to KWs to boost conversion: Determine the relations of product listing page content structure, page titles, URLs, metadata and so on. Define strategy for Alibaba product listing with the KWI and KW insights Define strategy for Alibaba product listing PPC campaign, which is called P4P(Pay for performance). Chap 7. Explore, determine and optimize the places in product listing: Product titles Product keywords Product descriptions Gang insights from the KWs analysis and explore its impact for the marketing campaign Product lineup with respect to the KW findings(e.g. I sell spices, and KW spice grinder shows up.) Determine traffic direction of Alibaba and website: Determine if I can direct traffic from Alibaba to the website. Determine if I can direct traffic from the website to Alibaba. Determine website design tailored to KWs Page content structure \u0026amp; management Titles URLs Metadata Other resources:\nSEO for Dummies by Bruce Clay (Wiley Publishing, 2009) Internet Marketing: An Hour a Day by Matt Bailey (Sybex, 2011) Search Engine Optimization: An Hour a Day, Third Edition by Jennifer Grappone and Gradiva Couzin (Sybex, 2011) “Periodic Table of SEO Ranking Factors,” a great online resource from Search Engine Land at http://searchengineland.com/seotable/ A comprehensive keyword research and its correlations to the ranking of the website on Google by Moz: http://www.seomoz.org/article/search-ranking-factors#predictions-4 To follow the instructions on this book. I use this link on Alibaba: Vietnam Orangutan Nuts Malva Nut / Pang Da Hai / Sterculia Lychnophora - Buy Vietnam Malva Nut,Malva Nut,Sterculia Lychnophora Product on Alibaba.com\nKeywords and Their Role in SEO Key takeaways:\nSite design accommodates visits from the bots. KW optimization Optimizing each page for no more than three keywords Places to optimize: Domain names URL string and file structure make sure you use a dash (-) and not an underscore (_) to separate the words Anchors and tags Site content Link Building(like votes) Within each page of your site, you should add your keywords to the following specific areas:\nPage title Meta description Meta keywords Headings Body copy Keywords in Domain Names Skip, The weight of the keywords can impact and the rankings of the websites are. diminished over time.\nKeywords in URLs and File Structures Skip, I use odoo for my own website, and Alibaba store. No point.\nKeywords in HTML and Tags Goal:\nContent is natural to the reader.\nHere\u0026rsquo;s a screenshot of the example page that illustrates how Alibaba works its Urls, titles, keywords metadata.\n阿里巴巴产品名称==Title+产品关键词1+产品关键词2+产品关键词3==Metadata\nE.g.:\n产品名称(Product Name/Title)：`Special sale vacuum pack dried lavender for DIY scented capsule` 产品关键词1：`chinese tea distributors flower fireworks casing` 产品关键词2：`christmas decorations lavender flower sachet bags Essential Oil Raw Material` 产品关键词3：`lavender vanilla lavender flowers dried lavender plant` 最后的效果：\n\u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Special Sale Vacuum Pack Dried Lavender For Diy Scented Capsule - Buy Chinese Tea Distributors Flower Fireworks Casing,Christmas Decorations Lavender Flower Sachet Bags Essential Oil Raw Material,Lavender Vanilla Lavender Flowers Dried Lavender Plant Product on Alibaba.com\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; ... \u0026lt;meta name=\u0026#34;keywords\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;Special Sale Vacuum Pack Dried Lavender For Diy Scented Capsule - Buy Chinese Tea Distributors Flower Fireworks Casing,Christmas Decorations Lavender Flower Sachet Bags Essential Oil Raw Material,Lavender Vanilla Lavender Flowers Dried Lavender Plant Product on Alibaba.com\u0026#34;\u0026gt; ... \u0026lt;meta name=\u0026#34;description\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;Special Sale Vacuum Pack Dried Lavender For Diy Scented Capsule - Buy Chinese Tea Distributors Flower Fireworks Casing,Christmas Decorations Lavender Flower Sachet Bags Essential Oil Raw Material,Lavender Vanilla Lavender Flowers Dried Lavender Plant Product on Alibaba.com\u0026#34;\u0026gt; In sumamry, most important 3 KWs need to appear in title, URL, Meta description(trivial), Meta KWs(trivial), Headings, Body(trivial).\nALWAYS REMEMBER: ALLOCATE TIME EFFICIENTLY, EFFECTIVELY.\nYou should develop your page content first around your readers and then consider the search engines.\nKeyword Density, Frequency, and Prominence Keyword density measures the number of times a keyword phrase appears on a web page relative to the total number of words on that page. It is one of the factors search engines use to determine relevance to search queries.\nThe keyword density for any keyword phrase generally should not be more than 5 percent.\nOne final aspect to consider is keyword distribution. This measures whether the keyword is distributed evenly throughout the page and the site. As long as you have your keywords in the right places—title, URL, heading, and so on—then I recommend that your keywords are distributed evenly so your content reads and flows naturally.\nFor a landing page with 750 words, I recommend the following distribution of keywords:\nOnce in the title tag Once or twice in the meta description tag Once or twice in the meta keywords tag Once in the heading H1 tag Twice in the first 200 to 300 words of readable text in the body copy Once in all paragraphs Again, use your judgment and see how your document reads.\nKeywords and Link Building Internal Links: Anchor Text to another page(Anchor text the KW you want to optimize for).\nBacklinks/Inbound links: All the links coming into your site(Think of it as the \u0026ldquo;votes\u0026rdquo; to your site.)\nExample internal linking structure:\nInternal Links Contextual Link Building Try to find sites like PR Newswire (www.prnewswire.com) that let you submit your article with links back to your site.\nLinks from Press Releases and Other PR Sources Here are a few examples:\nPublic Relations Links can be included in press releases, an online newsroom, within email pitches to journalists and bloggers, in PDF documents of case studies, with media coverage, and so on. Also, here’s one of the best tips: When a journalist confirms they’re running a story citing your company, ask them for a link.\nDirectory Submissions Before you go crazy and start submitting to thousands of directories, seek out local directories and directories that are specific to your business/industry.\nLocal Organizations Join a local chamber of commerce and ask for a link.\nWrite an Insightful Article Writing articles and submitting them to article directories.\nLink Building with Social Media Twitter, Digg, Reddit\u0026hellip;\nGenerating Links with Twitter Build a Twitter profile around a specific topic and stick to it. Provide relevant, focused, and valuable tweets. Tweet often and consistently. Identify the major players in your topic/industry. Integrate Twitter into your website. Remember to think in terms of offering something of value to others.\nJust as with internal linking, it is optimal to get your keywords into the linked text.\nOptimizing Image and Video Assets with Keywords Preparing images for SEO For Images Use Descriptive image file name. Use Descriptive Alt and Title Attributes Use Descriptive Anchor Text Use Descriptive Image and Folder Names E.g: california-white-water-rafting.jpg\nUse Descriptive Alt and Title Attributes E.g.: alt=\u0026quot;Malibu Ocean Kayaking near Dominica in the Southern Caribbean\u0026quot;\nUse Descriptive Anchor Text E.g.: [[For more information on Ocean Kayaking in the Southern Caribbean, click here.]]\nOptimize Image File Size for Faster Load Times Recommend: 72dpi(dots per inch) Pixels: 360 width, 250 height(Fit) Image quality: 50-80 Resample: Bicubic Format: Baseline webp\nImages and Social Media Social media has opened up new channels to market our products and services. Many sites that let you upload images, such as Facebook and Flickr, let you tag the images with keywords and descriptions. Make sure you take advantage of this. When you post images to these sites, use the target keywords you used in your image titles, attributes, and descriptions. Then make sure you link to targeted, relevant pages on your website. If you have your images properly tagged, you will likely find new visitors from these social sites.\nFor Video Use keywords in your video transcripts Video production Landing pages Uploading and optimizing videos Tracking/analytics Use Keywords in Your Video Transcripts Title, description, filename, URL use long-tails for videos Video Production 2 Styles:\nPro Down-to-earth, vanilla and genuine 30 seconds to 3 minutes Talking points Call to action Can also be creative to cover all the functions of the products Landing Pages This is the place to direct the audience to the target page.\nUploading and Optimizing Videos Some tools can help to upload videos to various sites in one-click. Video search engines Add KWs to Title, description, and tags for each site. Title bw/ 75-120 chars Readable by humans Tracking/Analytics VSEO metadata context surrounding the video unique URL Make video available for viewing in many places Decide objectives for videos Seeding, promotion \u0026hellip; What Opportunities Do VSEO Efforts Create? monetization Chapter 7 Using Keywords for PPC A healthy KW AD PPC campaign:\nAd groups mimic the KW categories that created in earlier stages. Each category have its own landing page with great relevant content. E.g.:\nNo branding Inspiration:\nMatch KWs categories to Alibaba product listing and product category.\nGeneral SEO and PPC KW approach:\nCore/general/branding KWs for SEO long-tails/specific KWs for PPC SEO/PPC timing strategy 1:\nstart off with a strong PPC campaign to get you into the game early, and when your SEO efforts achieve the desired visibility, you can then back off on your PPC campaign to save money.\nwriting relevant and engaging ad copy for each ad in each ad group. include KW somewhere in the ad, ad leads to a landing page which meet user search intent and expectation. divide up your keywords into smaller ad groups with fewer keywords that are centered on a strong theme create only one or two ad groups and put hundreds or thousands of keywords in them. write effective ad copy that is relevant to each of those keywords. Ads and Ads groups Relevancy Action http://www.google.com/intl/en/adwordseditor/ http://www.wordstream.com/wordstream-for-ppc\nat least two ads per ad group if not more. To ensure relevancy, each ad should have the core, or theme, keyword in it. Keywords can go into the title, description, display URL, and even the destination URL. Using Keywords in your Headlines have an ad group that contains a smaller set of keywords and that are very similar to your headline Dynamic Keyword Insertion you place a short piece of code into your ad text. Each time the ad shows, the code will be replaced by the keyword that triggered the ad.\nKeywords and Quality Score Early pay-per-click advertising networks were based on price auctions where whoever bid the highest got the top spot.\nIn AdWords, the quality score is a dynamic value that is assigned to each keyword in your PPC campaign and indicates how relevant and competitive your keywords and ads combinations are relative to other advertisers competing for the same keywords; it is mostly based on the click-through rate of your ads\nreward advertisers that have a higher quality score Quality Score Factors Relevancy CTR High Quality Score practices:\n1. Identify campaign strategy and goals: With any campaign it is always good to identify your strategy and goals. Is your campaign designed more for branding or is it a lead generation strategy? With that in mind, start conducting your keyword research and identify those phrases that will help drive the right traffic to your site.\n2. Organize a campaign structure: Organize KWs into themes\n3. Identify keywords and relevant ad copy: create many ad groups that contain keywords that are very closely related to each other.\n4. Ensure landing page quality.\n5. Measure performance: CTR, delete not performing ads after a month or so.\nCase study in book: Quality Score Case Study\nUsing Negative Keywords E.g. you sell luxury handbags and handbags if one of your KWs, but user might search for \u0026ldquo;Cheap handbags\u0026rdquo;, you want to negate those KWs.\nThis can:\nLower PPC cost Improve relevancy and CTR Improve user experience KW hit algorithm 4 matching types:\nBroad match: catch all Broad match modifier: include misspellings, plurals, stemmed forms\u0026hellip; Phrase match: catch phrases Exact match: exact match, E.g. \u0026ldquo;tennis racket\u0026rdquo; for \u0026ldquo;tennis racket\u0026rdquo; noly. Use negative KWs whenever as possible for conversions, not branding.\nHow to find Negative KWs: Using tools\nSearch Funnels This is a way to understand how all the efforts work together.\nHow Many Ads Do Your Users View Before They Convert?\nHow Long Does It Take Before Users Convert?\nWhat Is Your Customer’s Search Process?\nWhat Are the Most Common Paths Your Users Take to Convert?\nWhat Are the Enabling Keywords that Support Your Conversions?\nReview all your data and performances once a month.\nChapter 8 Using keywords for social media Skipped\nchapter 9 using keywords for mobile and local Skipped\nChapter 10 Keywords and Site Architecture How to create a site architecture that leverages your keyword research efforts.\nThe main goal here is that focus on the user\u0026rsquo;s experiences and information design.\nUnderstanding Site Architecture Understanding your site architecture Key takeaways: two types of audiences:\nusers search engines Regardless, the most important aspect of this type of activity is to account for all of the information, establish its relevance, and make sure there is a logical flow. To make your users happy, you need to ensure that the navigation is fluid and information is easy to find and access.\nRelevancy, relevancy, relevancy.\nKEEP IT FLAT AND STUPID SIMPLE.\nA poor site architecture:\nFlattened site architecture:\nKeep relevancy inside out, upside down, always. Keep relevancy inside out, upside down, always. Keep relevancy inside out, upside down, always.\nKeyword modeling E.g.\n401 k plan 401 k plan contribution limits 401k account 401k advisor 401k contribution limit 401k contribution limit 2011 401k contribution limits irs 401k contribution limits over 50 401k early retirement 401k employer contribution limits 401k for self employed 401k management 401k plans for small businesses 401k retirement savings plan 401k rollover advice 401k rollover into ira 401k rollover options 401k rollover rules 401k rollover to ira rules 401k rollover to roth ira 401k savings plan 401k to roth ira rollover rules 403b account after tax 401k rollover to roth ira best roth ira investment early retirement planning early retirement strategies employer 401k plans estate planning estate planning asset protection estate planning living trust estate planning strategies family limited partnership estate planning fee based financial planning fee only financial planning how much do I need to retire how much money do I need to retire early how to manage 401k how to manage your 401k how to retire early how to rollover 401k to ira how to set up a self directed ira independent financial advisor independent investment advisor independent registered investment advisor independent retirement account individual 401k contribution limits individual 401k plan individual retirement account investment advisory firm ira accounts ira contribution limits ira investment account manage 401k manage my 401k personal financial management personal retirement account portfolio analyzer portfolio asset allocation tool retirement account retirement calculator retirement financial advisor retiring early rollover ira rollover ira account roth ira roth ira account roth ira investment roth ira investment choices roth ira investment limits roth vs traditional 401k sec registered investment advisor self directed 401k rollover self directed individual retirement account self directed ira self directed ira 401k self directed ira account self directed ira investing self directed ira investment options self directed retirement account self directed roth self directed roth ira llc self directed solo 401k self employed 401k contribution limits self managed 401k sep 401k sep ira contribution limit simple 401k top investment advisors ways to retire early wealth management software what happens if I retire early what to do when you retire early keyword groupings:\nWebsite architecture:\nTip:\nUse KW groupings found from the KW research as top-level categories for your site architecture.\nIf you have an existing site just focus on the biggest problem, you don\u0026rsquo;t necessarily need to restructure your site completely\nMapping keywords to your site structure is an excellent way to build a solid site foundation. To do the job completely, you need to look at the rest of the keywords in your targeted list and outline them in logical places.\nStep 3 Developing your personas E.g. Tailored to individuals who are seeking advice for retirement planning.\nDerive personas based on the keyword search queries, Learn target audiences\u0026rsquo; objectives and motives. Build personas tailored for just that. Build site architecture. Table 10-3: Persona development mapping:\nKeywords Personas Objectives estate planning strategies, early retirement strategies, Seasoned and Experienced Investors Get premium service advice after subscribing; renew premium service subscription how to manage your 401k, how to retire early, how much do I need to retire Entry-level or DIY investors Get free information, investment ideas, DIY information 401k advisor, independent investment advisor, retirement financial advisor, 401k rollover advice Individuals seeking retirement investing advice Find financial advisor or planner; buy advisory servic Figure 10-6: Search term types used by personas:\nFigure 10-7: Relevance versus conversion:\nStep four content design Focus on one major keyword phrase per page, plus one or two permutations. Your top-level pages, which are your home page and primary navigation pages, should focus on the more general head keyword phrases. As you drill down into your site, use more long-tail keywords.\nYou might use a blog section to capitalize on long-tail keywords and provide some incentive to draw more specific traffic to your site.\nFirst take all of the content pages from your site mapping diagram and list them in a text document. For each page of your site, list the primary and secondary keywords. Using these keywords as a guide, create the actual keywords you will use for your title tags, URL strings, H1 tags, and so on.\nE.g:\nHome Page (Retirement Advice) Keywords: 401k advisor, retirement financial planner, retirement planning URL: /www.yoursite.com Title: Top Retirement Planning and Financial Planning Advice—Name of Company H1: Retirement Planning Advice Managing 401k Keywords: 401k management, manage my 401k, how to manage my 401k URL: /401k-management/ Title: 401k Management | YourCompany H1: Managing your 401k Estate Planning Keywords: estate planning, estate planning strategies, fee based financial planning URL: /estate-planning-advice/ Title: Estate Planning Advice | YourCompany.com H1: Estate Planning Advice Now that you have this document in place, you should share it with your development team. Your programmer can use the keywords to build a site structure that uses them as filenames, which will help to form a keyword-rich URL string. They can also build each page to include the tags from the beginning. Your content development folks can make sure they develop content that includes the exact keywords you have in your document. This will ensure that you have consistency for the entire site development process even though you have many people working on it.\nStep five wireframes and prototyping Tools: ProtoIO,\nTip\nFirst Test functionality and information flow. Content logics. Make sure SEO are filling all the metadata, KWs in their places, URL string, headlines, titles. Then add graphic elements.\nChapter 11 Creating Great Content with Keywords Let’s look at some of the things that Google considers “quality content.” Google has provided a list (http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2011/05/more-guidance-on-building-high-quality.html) of questions you can ask yourself as you consider developing content for your site.\nWritten by an expert: Content should be written by someone who knows and understands the subject matter well. Make sure you seek out experts to help you develop the very best content for your pages. You can arm them with your keyword list and invite them to write using your targeted keywords. You will find that the content will be more believable and engaging because your passion for the topic is more evident if it is written properly.\nKeyword variations: Do not duplicate content for multiple pages and then switch out different keywords. You should make sure each page is distinctly written around the main topic or idea. If you have mapped your keywords to each page, you should already have a good idea of what content to write. Also stay away from redundant articles on the same or similar topics. Each page or article should have a purpose and should be unique.\nGenuine interest of readers Each page or article should map to the genuine interest of your readers and visitors. To accomplish this, you can first look at your top keywords and analyze them against the buying cycle as discussed in Chapter 1. Specific long-tail keywords suggest that a searcher is at the end of their search and is ready to buy, whereas the broad, less-specific terms suggest that a searcher is in the information-gathering stage.\nWhen you analyze keywords with social media tools, you can put them into the proper context by seeing how they are used in a sentence or a conversation. Using these tools and methods can help you learn what readers really want to know and what their needs and intentions are. With this intelligence, you can produce of content that will be worthy of your readership and will capture their interest.\nGood value As you consider the content you plan to produce, you should seek out what has already been written on the subject. How does your article stack up to others that have been written? Is it unique or are you just repurposing someone else’s content? Are you providing the right amount of detail or is it just a summary?\nBasically, good enough just won’t cut it anymore. You really have to dig down deep and find ways to raise the bar and provide significant and valuable content. From what I have read, the search quality algorithms Google deployed in its Panda update are not going away anytime soon because Google seems to like the positive impact it has had on the quality of search results. Google will continue to refine its algorithms, but the underlying principle of favoring great web content will probably always be a primary factor in its ranking schemes.\nWriting for the Web Tips:\nFast formation, short, small, fun, Provide more detailed information to another page. Use media like the vidoes pictures and audio.\nReady for the search engine It is best practice to always write for your human audience first and foremost, and to integrate keywords into your writing in a logical, sensible way to also ensure that your content is search-engine friendly.\nCopywriting Relevant and expert content that answers a question and fulfills the customer’s need is the ultimate goal of copywriting. Integrating targeted keywords into your copy will help you accomplish this goal. Remember to always write to serve your customers’ needs first and keyword-rich copy will flow naturally.\nCall to action\nHeadlines The purposes of headlines :\nFound by search engines Enticing readers both can be satisfied.\nKeywords for the Headlines should be specific and long-tail.\nAdditionally, headlines that list a number of tips, reasons, types, and so on will work for you because they make very specific promises. Just make sure you deliver on that promise.\nhow-to headlines\nPage body goal: compel your reader to read on to the next sentence, and then the next paragraph, and so on to the end where you will likely have a call to action.\nWord count: 600 to 800.\nPeople tend to scan text on the Internet, so keep the paragraphs short and direct. Provide facts and figures concisely and to the point. Use lists and bold and italicized text to direct your visitor’s eye to important points, keywords, and concepts.\nSo identify the specific, unique aspects of your topic and write about what sets you apart from the others or your value prop or selling point at the very beginning of the body.\nTable 11-1 Identify content topics from keywords:\njotting in ideas that come to your mind.\nAs you conduct keyword research with social media tools, you can find even more ideas of what people are interested in. Add those insights to your spreadsheet as well to provide a better context.\nFurthermore, you can conduct some competitive research to find out what content you can provide that others are not providing. Add that to your list.\nWhen it comes time to produce quality content, you have a great place to start with some ideas that come directly from the keyword research you have already done. You may then need to find a subject matter expert or creative copywriter to craft it into the type of content your readers will clamor for. You can be assured that it will be the type of content they are interested in and want to consume.\nThe overall strategy for most companies is (1) how to attract more customers and (2) how to engage them more effectively.\nSEO drives right audiences, great content help you engage them.\nSo your strategy needs to have components of all three: content, SEO, and social media.\nContent Management If you need to constantly develop new content, you may need a way to organize your thoughts and plan ahead.\nAdvice:\ndeveloping an editorial calendar to manage and plan all of your content.\nE.g:\nContent Marketing Content should be designed for your readers first and foremost. At the same time, that content should include keywords that can attract new readers through search and social recommendations. This will help you make your content great as well as findable and shareable.\nTips:\nNeeds are varied. Monitor, measure and refine. Relevancy, relevancy, relevancy\nDigital Asset Optimization(DAO) Many of the same principles apply as with SEO, but they can be extended to various media types that are now found on the SERPs, like images, audio, video, PDFs, slide shows, and more.\nAspects to look into:\nFilenames Captions Videos Furthermore, use keywords in tags for all images, video, and audio, including alt text for images.\nMap Keywords to Digital Assets: For instance, if you have a keyword phrase “how to fix a flat tire” on your list and it is a popular search, a video is a great way to show exactly how to fix a flat.\nProduce the video with a script that uses the keyword phrase, and make sure you tag and use the keyword phrase in the filename\nThen post the video on YouTube and embed the video on your website.\nChapter 12 Using Keywords for Branding and Messaging The engagement cycle revisit:\nThe cycle begins with some kind of trigger that causes people to become interested in a product or service. There are many triggers out there that are not advertising related. However, the role of advertising is to get in front of your target audience with a message that either leaves a favorable impression or is a trigger to cause them to “act.”\nOnce they decide to act and start the process of gathering information online (assuming it is not a completely offline sequence of events that leads them to the local Starbucks for a cup of coffee), they first form an expectation in their mind, or a visual that represents what they expect to find. Because we are all used to viewing web pages, it is quite possible that this representation in their mind may be web content that includes product information with images or video, comparisons to other products, pricing, availability, and so on.\nWith that in their mind, they head off to their favorite search engine and attempt to convert the information in their head into the language of search, which is keywords. They need to somehow come up with a search query that is a best guess and will hopefully provide listings of sites that deliver on this expectation. At this point, they usually go back and forth visiting different sites, maybe even refining their search queries until they are ultimately confronted with the content they envisioned in their mind.\nThey view and study the content and get outstanding questions answered before they head to the conversion point, where they decide to buy, download, call, or contact. This conversion happens after they are satisfied that they have all the information they need to take the next step.\nIf your website is optimized around the search terms they used and it has the content and the structure that helps them realize the expectation they envisioned, then it is more likely they will reach your conversion point and do so quickly. The role of SEO and paid search is to get your site visible within search engines. The role of your website or landing page is to convert. However, getting them to act in the first place depends on awareness building activities, much of which can be traditional advertising and promotion.\nThe Keyword Research Brief Five Elements of a Keyword Research Brief Element 1: Audience/Persona Expectation Element 2: Core Keywords to Use: include sensible data Element 3: Key Landing Pages Element 4: List of Unique, Low-Competition Keywords Element 5: Keyword Usage Tips hyperlink KWs, not click here. others Keywords in Brand Positioning Every company has its brand. Whether or not it\u0026rsquo;s capturing attention. Customers and prospects are continually interacting with various aspects of your business. They are gathering information, forming impressions, and making judgments and even decisions based on actions you take and don’t take.\nBrand positioning is all about taking charge of the perception and influencing what and how people think about your brand.\nSix Steps to Stronger Brand Positioning 1Step 1: Determine Current Positioning - What word or phrase comes to mind when you think about our company? - What does our company do differently than anyone else? - What does our company do best? How are we unique? - What target market characteristics are most important and relevant in affecting their behavior to make a purchase? - What is the main reason someone would buy from us? - What is your product’s frame of reference? In other words, how would you describe the competitive set or category in which you compete? - What one user benefit do you want your customers and users to identify with most readily?\nStep 2: Assess Customer Needs: Ranking the following, which aspect matters most in my company? Take not of each one. - Increasing operational efficiency - Reducing risks - Getting projects completed quickly - Leveraging existing investments and platforms - Building organizational capacity for training best practices - Providing measurable results to management - Minimizing company involvement with turn-key solutions - Customizing for unique company needs - Taking risks to become an innovator and leader - Possessing domain expertise and competence - Building human capital for the company\nStep 3: Assess Competitive Landscape:\nYou may even want to plot these on a graph to visualize where they all fit in the positioning landscape. Are there any holes or gaps? Do these gaps represent opportunities for you to own that space? Maybe there are ways of looking at your competitors’ positioning statements so you can appeal to customers in a different way. What keywords are they using to position themselves? Are there different phrases you might want to use to be unique? What are they? If you have access to a keyword research brief, look at the list of noncompetitive keywords. Do any of these keywords stand out or are they unique? You may not find the exact keyword you are looking for, but this list may spark new ideas. Step 4: Develop a New Brand Positioning\nunderstand how you want your target to think about your product or service.\nThe essence of positioning is sacrifice. You must give up something so that what follows is focused. No brand can successfully be all things to all people. To be successful, your position must be long term, unique and protectable, single minded, focused, consistent with product or service delivery, and built on your brand’s desired image.\nAs you gather information from the first three steps, including keywords that have surfaced, start crafting new positioning statements. The key is to attempt to use keywords that are part of your targeted list. Be prepared to create good content on your site around any new keywords that have surfaced. You will also need to add them to your list of targeted keywords.\nAs you build out new statements, consider generating a list of three to five that can be tested and validated. Here are a couple of examples:\nWe are the best at ______ because of our ability to ______ . If you need ______, choose us because of ______. Step 5: Validate the Positioning\nSurvey:\nOverall, how do you feel about this statement? (Highly favorable=1 to Highly unfavorable=5) How important is this statement to you? (Highly favorable=1 to Highly unfavorable=5) How well do you believe ‘Your Company Name’ can deliver on this statement? (5 point scale: very unlikely to very likely) Does this statement take a long-term view of your business? Is it enduring? (Highly favorable=1 to Highly unfavorable=5) Is this statement compelling? Does it state a premise worth participating in? (Highly favorable=1 to Highly unfavorable=5) Is it simple and credible or does it require further explanation? Is it believable given the proof you have to offer? (Highly favorable=1 to Highly unfavorable=5) find what works and what doesn’t.\nStep 6: Execute and Deploy the Positioning\nThe website, collateral material, messaging, and all other types of communications should be updated to use this statement.\nChapter 13 International Keyword Research International, as in multilingual.\nSearch Engine Colossus (www.searchenginecolossus.com). Ethnologue (www.ethnologue.com)\nGoogle results may differ from country to country\ncultural differences: some languages do not currently have 100 percent agreement on standards for grammar and spelling. This makes it difficult to identify the right keywords to use. To make matters worse, searchers may drop accent marks and space words differently than the proper word style.\nFor example, the Spanish version of the US phrase kick the bucket, which means to die, is estirar la pata. If you decided to do a literal translation from English to Spanish, the folks in Spain would think you literally meant to kick a bucket. If you translated the phrase from Spanish to English, the meaning would be to stretch your leg.\nLocalize with the right tool or experts.\nStep 1: Discovery, Refinement, and Segmentation First, do KR in English. Then localize in local language.\nStep 2: Variations in Different Languages Characters in different languages may vary. Like Japanese writing systems, Chinese characters, arabic, etc.\nE.g.:\nlook at each of your target languages and identify all of the variations that might exist for your keyword.\nStep 3: Translation E.g.: Another example is for the keyword “projectors”. The German word for projector is “projektoren”. There are fewer than a thousand searches per month for this term. What a German calls a projector colloquially is a Beamer\nUse appropriate words localized.\nStep 4: Find The Right Partner Work with an agency (specific keyword research with a local language) Work with localization expert (native mother tongue speakers) Work with freelance native speaker of the language If you feel the work at this point is over your head and you want to hire professionals, an agency might be the thing for you. Companies like WebCertain (www.webcertain.com), Global Strategies International (www.globalstrategies.com), and Localizations.com (www.localizations.com) make up a talented group of multicultural professionals who are mother-tongue linguists and have also been trained in search engine marketing.\nWorking with Localization Experts and Native Speakers:\nNeeds to be a mother tongue Simple search experience Background with your subject matter Ask for Back Translations Ask your researchers to provide you with back translations of the keywords you are researching. This will allow you and your team to evaluate the keywords in the proper context. Back translation is a process of translating a keyword that has already been translated into a foreign language back to the original language.\nOne suggestion is to develop a glossary worksheet on which the local word(s) and the English equivalents are noted.\nExpanding Your International Keyword Lists Trados (www.trados.com).\nreview any pages where the search and replace has happened to ensure you have maintained the correct content, message and tone.\nThe best tool worldwide is the Google keyword suggestion tool (https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal).\nThere are specific search engines that you can use to do keyword searches for local markets, like Baidu (www.baidu.com) for Chinese and Yandex (www.yandex.com) for Russian.\nChapter 14 Keyword Measurement Defining Metrics for Success Here are some of the most notable goals for a successful outcome:\nIncreased overall website visitor traffic Increased keyword rankings and top keyword placement Increased brand awareness Increased generated revenue and ROI Specific behavioral insights from your target audience based on keyword usage market research and human behavioral analysis.\nMeasuring Keyword Performance One of the best ways to do quick tests on your keyword performance potential and related messaging is to set up a mini PPC campaign for keywords from your final list.\nUsing PPC to Test Keywords and Marketing Messages The variables involved in the test are as follows:\nKeywords Ad groups Ads Landing pages Figure 14-1: PPC Test campaign flowchart\nThe keywords you want to test should already be segmented into logical groups. These groups become your PPC ad groups. Select exact match for your keywords to give you the best results. Phrase match modifiers can be used, but the tests will not be as accurate. Avoid broad match completely for these tests. Next, you should build out ads for each ad group. If you are testing these keywords for SEO effectiveness, write your ads with your meta description tags in mind so that your ads simulate your organic search listing in the SERPs. The click-through rate of these ads will help you understand which messages resonate best with your target market so that you can write the most effective meta descriptions for your web pages. For each ad, you should have a specific landing page that you also want to test. Do this for each keyword segment you want to test. By testing landing pages, you will be adding more complexity and time to the testing procedure, but it will help you better understand how your landing pages will perform relative to your keyword campaign. On the website, you will obviously make sure you have your analytics set up ahead of time, including your landing pages. The scenario you want to put together in an SEO test case is to mimic as closely as possible all of the variables you would have if you were running an SEO campaign. Once your test PPC campaign is in place and your site is tagged and set up, you can launch your campaign. Here are the metrics you will collect and analyze: - Keyword impressions - Keyword clicks - Keyword CTR - Keyword average position - Ad impressions - Ad clicks - Ad CTR - Ad average position - Landing page visits - Landing page bounce rate - Conversions - Conversion rate The landing page component of your quick test will help you understand how well the keywords you are targeting and the messaging in your ads work together with your web page and if the web page is delivering effectively on users’ expectations.\nE.g:\nSo let’s look at an example. I will continue with the bike example and choose to test the following keywords, which make up the keyword segment (carbon frame road bikes). Here are the keywords: carbon fiber road bikes (2,900 monthly visits) carbon fiber bikes (14,800 monthly visits) carbon road bikes (14,800 monthly visits) I pulled these keyword estimates from the Google Keyword Tool. When pulling your keywords from a keyword suggestion tool, note the number of monthly/annual visits so you can compare to actual visits from your test campaign. I place these keywords into an ad group and develop a couple of ads to test. Here are two that I came up with for this example: Carbon Fiber Road Bikes www.roadrunnerbikes.com Custom carbon fiber bicycle frames built \u0026amp; painted in USA www.roadrunnerbikes.com/testpage1 Carbon Fiber Bikes www.roadrunnerbikes.com Best quality carbon fiber bike frames all hand built www.roadrunnerbikes.com/testpage2 Notice that in these two examples, I use two distinct marketing messages—one that emphasizes hand-built quality and the other that keys in on “made in the USA.” The more separate and distinct the ad copy messages are, the more likely we are to get clear, unambiguous data from our quick PPC test. Notice also how I write the description lines to closely mimic the way it might appear as the snippet in the organic SERP listings. My landing pages will be similar to each other but with slight variations based on the ad message text—one with the USA message and one with the hand-built quality message—so I can test each landing page’s bounce rate, conversions, and conversion rate. Now I will go ahead and launch the PPC campaign and test the results, shown in Table 14-1, Table 14-2, Table 14-3, and Table 14-4. I will run the campaign until I get enough data to make statistically valid observations. I like to shoot for tests that run at least two weeks, but I prefer to go longer when I have the time and money so that I have higher confidence in my tests. Based on these figures, I can see that all of the keywords had some decent results; however “carbon fiber bikes” had the highest CTR at 4.61 percent and it had the highest number of clicks. If I move on to the performance on the website, I learn that, as expected, “carbon fiber bikes” had about the same conversion rate as “carbon road bikes”. Both of them had a relatively low bounce rates at 33 percent and 39 percent, respectively. There simply wasn’t enough volume on the keyword “carbon fiber roadbikes” to draw any conclusions from on the conversions, but the lower bounce rate, even with only 40 observations, appears to indicate that it may be a powerful long-tail keyword. A longer testing period could possibly firm up that conclusion. So from an overall performance perspective, the keyword “carbon fiber bikes” should be the one that is primarily used within the landing page because it seems to resonate with users better, which can be observed in the higher CTR. The others still had decent performance but not quite as high. For the ads and the landing pages, I learn that those with the term “USA” seemed to perform better than the ones without. This tells me I need to make sure that the “made in USA” is included within the landing pages as well as the meta descriptions. With information like this, I can feel more confident in pursuing these keywords, and especially “carbon fiber bikes”, and that they are likely to perform as planned. If a test like this had been run for just two weeks, I would consider running it for an additional two weeks to verify the numbers, especially if the data volumes are low. If it ran for a month or more, it would likely yield the answers you need. Testing Your Google Ads In the previous example, I touched on landing page testing because landing pages are an important part of the success formula in testing keywords. However, you can also learn a great deal from ad tests that do not take the landing pages into account and primarily use the CTR for measuring performance. One common way is to use Google for ad testing. In Campaign Settings within the AdWords interface, make sure you select the radio button labeled “Rotate: Show all ads equally.” If you have checked “Optimize: Show better-performing ads more often,” Google will serve the ads with the highest CTR more often. You can be relatively sure that your ads will be served almost equally during the same time periods. However, because one of the ads could be held in editorial review, you should make certain that all your ads are running before you begin testing. Start by creating four to six ads per ad group, and test messages and styles that are widely divergent. Gross messaging differences—fast versus cheap, for example—will yield faster results and allow you to weed out poorly performing ads and messages. Once you have reduced your messaging options, you can start testing more specific aspects in your ads, such as singular versus plural, offers, promotions, discounts, capitalization, and display URL variations. Another good way to perform these types of split tests is to use a feature within AdWords called the AdWords Campaign Experiments (ACE) option. This relatively new feature allows you to create split tests of ads, landing pages, bids, and positions and control the amount of traffic that goes to the ads under test. Keyword Rank Reports Keyword ranking reports can be an indicator that your SEO efforts are heading in the right direction, or not. However, you need to be careful because they, in and of themselves, do not directly tell you much about your overall performance goals. The true indicators are that you are getting more traffic. So as I discuss this topic in more detail, please keep in mind that keyword rank reports are just a means to an end. You have to put them into a larger context to get a truer picture.\nGoogle Webmaster Tools (www.google.com/webmasters/tools)\nSearch Query Report\nKIM:\nBroad matches data results are somewhat inaccurate.\nOther Rank Reports\nThere are other reporting tools, like Web Position (www.webposition.com) and Advanced Web Ranking (www.advancedwebranking.com),\nUtilize google analytics\nAnalyzing your brand keywords and other keywords separately, Because they share different metrics\nFocus of mainly on the organic traffic\nNote the number of pages visited, And the average number of pages viewed.\nThe two metrics doesn\u0026rsquo;t necessarily indicate a positive income\nKeyword Analysis Spreadsheet Tracking You can compile data ets from different tools and bring it all together into a spreadsheet\nhave a set of tabs for each keyword segment or theme.\nfor each of your segments, add some extra columns for more data. The two I use most often are for keyword ranking and web analytics\nE.g:\ntrack keyword position and the positive or negative change from the previous 30 days.\ndo the same thing for web analytics.\nset up four columns to track the following variables:\nVisits Page/Visit Bounce Rate Conversions Figure 14-11: Full scoring and monitoring spreadsheet example:\nScoring Relevance Specificity Competition Popularity Overall Score Keyword Research Data Competition Index Avg Minimum Bid Search Volume Web Analytics Data Visits Page/Visit Bounce Rate Conversion Rate Keyword Ranking Current Position Percent Change\nAs you monitor your keywords on a regular basis and make updates to this spreadsheet, you will come up with recommendations for small course corrections. It doesn’t hurt to have yet another column to note any actions you plan to take to fix keywords that are not performing.\nSetting up goals and tracking performance to see if those goals are met is essential. It is one of the best reasons Internet marketing is so great. You can track everything.\nIndex Index\nSymbols and Numbers\nfor Twitter hashtag @ sign in Twitter\n200+ B2B negative keyword list\nA\nAbout box in Facebook\nactions, and ad groups\nad groups\nfor testing\nAdGooroo\nAdobe Photoshop, and image optimization\nAdvanced Web Ranking\nadvertising\ncopy, and quality score\ndisplay URLs in\nkeyword use in\nqualifying traffic\nrole of\nand searcher behavior\nsocial media vs. traditional\nAdWords Keyword Tool. See Google AdWords Keyword Tool\nAdWords Performance Grader (WordStream)\nagency, for international keyword research\nAlexa\nalt attribute (HTML), for images\nAltaVista\nAmazon.com, keywords in URL string\nambiguity, in keyword interpretation\nanchor text\nfor images\nAnderson, Chris\nArchie\narticles, writing\nAsk Jeeves\nassist click\nassist impression\nAssisted Conversions report\nattainable goals\nauction model, limitations\naudience. See target audience\naudience/persona expectation, in keyword research brief\naudio, optimizing for\nauthority\nof blog\nof link\nAutoComplete box, in Facebook\ntop ranking factors\nautomated rank checkers, skewed search values from\nawareness\nAWStats\nB\nback-of-book indexes\nback translations\nbacklinks\nBaidu\nBailey, Matt, Internet Marketing: An Hour a Day\nbanner advertising\nbehavioral design of website\nbenchmarking\nbids on keywords, approximate cost of\nBing\nBusiness Portal\nkeyword data from\nblinkx\nBlogger\nblogs\nbasics\nfrequency of updates\nkeyword research for\nas keyword source\nkeywords in conversations\nplatform for\nsetting up\nterminology shifts in\ntop 10 lists\nbody copy\nkeywords in\nbookmarks\nonline management\nsocial\nbots, skewed search values from\nbounce rate\nexample\nBowman, Jessica\nbrainstorming\nbrand\nand ambiguity\nand focus on broader keywords\nkeyword research for\nmeaning in other languages\npositioning\ncompetition assessment,\ncustomer needs assessment,\ndetermining current,\ndeveloping,\nexecuting and deploying,\nvalidating\nbrand awareness, as social media goal\nbranding campaigns, keyword research in\nbrief. See keyword research brief\nBrightEdge\nbroad match\nbroad match modifier\nbroad term, in search\nbrowser toolbar, data from\nbusiness actions, strategy document on appropriateness\nbuying cycle\nkeywords and\nTime Lag report and\nC\ncalendar, for website content management\ncall to action, and web page content\nCAPCHA\ncaptonyms\nCastTV\ncategories\nand audience segmentation\nand sitemap\nceiling number, for popularity survey\nchamber of commerce, and links\ncharacter count, for ad headlines and copy\nChinese, Baidu search engine for\nCity-Data.com\nClay, Bruce, SEO for Dummies\nclick-through rates (CTRs)\nexample\nfor long tail keywords\nnegative keywords and\nrelevant ads and\nclickable prototype\nClickZ\nClix Marketing\ncollaboration, Seed Keywords tool and\ncomma-separated values (CVS) file, importing to spreadsheet\ncompany, as keyword source\nCompete\nCompete Pro Search Analytics\ncompetition\nassessment of\nchecking information available to\nGoogle AdWords data on\nas keyword source\nas marketing team challenge\nscoring for\ncompetitive analysis tools\ncompetitive intelligence\nkeyword gap analysis\nmetadata of competitors\ncomScore\nSearch Planner\nConductor\nconsumers, terminology selection\ncontact information, placement on website\ncontent management system\nfor blogs\nfor website\ncontent marketing\ncontent of website\ndesign\nimportance of quality\nas marketing team challenge\nwriting\ncontext, for video\ncontextual link building\nconversation mining\nconversation, on Facebook fan page\nconversion rate (CVR)\ngoals setup in Google Analytics\nfor long-tail keywords\nnegative keywords and\nfor testing ads\nconversion rate, example\nconversion tracking\nconversions\ndetermining enabling keywords that support\nrelevancy and\nin search engagement cycle\nin search funnel\nsearch funnel reports for\ncopywriting\ncore keywords\nin HTML tags\nin keyword research brief\ncost per acquisition (CPA)\ncost per click (CPC)\napproximate cost of bid\non long-tail keywords\ncost per conversion (CPC), negative keywords and\ncosts, competitive keyword and\ncouponing sites\nCouzin, Gradiva, Search Engine Optimization: An Hour a Day\nCovario\nCPA. See cost per acquisition (CPA)\nCPC. See cost per click (CPC)\ncrawler\ncrowd-source tool\nCTRs. See click-through rates (CTRs)\ncustomer experience\nphases, and mobile strategy\nsupport after purchase\ncustomers. See target audience\nD\nDanuloff, Craig, Quality Score in High Resolution\ndash\nin file names\nin URL, search engines and\ndata on keywords\nsources for\nvariations in\ndatabases, in Keyword Discovery\nDeciphering Mobile Search Patterns: A Study of Yahoo! Mobile Search Queries (white paper)\nDeep Software Log Analyzer\ndeeplink directory submission\nDelicious\nDell, Idea Storm\ndemographic group in Facebook\ndensity of keywords\ndescription\nkeyword insertion method for\nfor video\ndestination URL, keywords in\nDigg\ndigital asset optimization\nDiigo\ndirect report organization structure\ndirectory submissions of websites\ndiscussion boards, terminology shifts in\nDisplay Campaign Optimizer\ndisplay URLs, in ads\nDM (direct message)\nDogpile.com\ndomain names\nfor blogs\nkeywords in\ndpi, print vs. web\ndrive-to-site campaigns\ndynamic insertion of keywords\ndynamic website, and keyword optimization\nE\neditorial calendar, for website content management\neffectiveness of social media strategy, measuring\nembedded organization structure\nEmtage, Alan\nenabling keywords, determining those supporting conversions\nengagement\non Facebook fan page\nin social media, measuring\nEthnologue\nexact match\nExcel\ndata sort\nMicrosoft plug-in for keywords in\nExcite\nexpectations of searcher\ndrive-to-site tactics and\nin keyword research brief\nmarketer delivery on\nexperts\nfor content writing\nlocalization\nF\nFacebook\nadding blog links to\nfan page setup\nengagement and conversation,\nkeyword optimization\nkeyword research for\nkeywords in conversations\nlink building in\nmaintaining page\npolls on\nsearch functionality\nFacebook Lexicon\nFaves\nFay, Sarah\nFeedburner\nfile size of images, optimizing for faster load time\nfile structures, keywords in\nfilenames\nkeyword use in\nfiltering, with negative keywords\nFind Us on Facebook badge\nfindability\nfinding keywords\nbrainstorming\nmind mapping\nsources for good keywords\nwithin company,\ncompetition,\nwithin industry,\nkeyword modifiers,\nsocial media,\nfinding negative keywords\nFirefox, View Page Source\nfirst-stage searches\nFishkin, Rand\nFlash, links in\nflattening site structure\nFlikr\nfocus groups, as keyword source\nfolder names\nforums\nfrequency\nof blogging\nof keywords\nfreshness, of blog information\nG\nGenerate Local Adwords \u0026amp; Keyword Lists\ngeneric keywords. See also head terms\nGetListed.org\nglobal monthly searches\nGlobal Premium database, in Keyword Discovery\nGlobal Strategies International\nglossary worksheet\ngoals\nfor ad campaign\nfor conversion rate, Google Analytics setup\nas marketing team challenge\nSMART for setup\nin social media strategy\nbrand awareness\nGoDaddy\nGoogle\nconverting speech to text\nkeyword data from\nPanda updates\nand quality content\nresults differing between countries\nsearch results, description tag information in\nWonder Wheel tool\nGoogle ads, testing\nGoogle AdWords Editor\nGoogle AdWords Keyword Tool\nadvanced options\nCompetition data from\nlimitations\nLocal Monthly Searches column\nReporting And Tools tab\nAssisted Conversions report,\nPath Length report, ,\nTime Lag report, ,\nTop Paths report\nresults page\nTraffic Estimator\nGoogle AdWords Keyword Tool for Mobile\nGoogle Analytics\nkeyword monitoring in\nfor social media monitoring\ntags for\nGoogle Groups\nGoogle Insights for Search\nGoogle Keyword tool\nsearch value\nGoogle Places\nGoogle+\nGoogle Research Blog\nGoogle Suggest Mobile\nGoogle Trends\nGoogle Video\nGoogle Webmaster Tools\nQuery Stats\nTop Queries report\nGPS\nGrappone, Jennifer, Search Engine Optimization: An Hour a Day\ngrouping keywords\nGroupon\nguarantees, in ad description\nH\nH1 tags, keywords in\nhandheld devices. See mobile phone search\nhashtags\nHashtags.org\nhead terms\nheadings, inserting keywords\nheadlines\nasking question\ncharacter count for ads\nof press releases\nwriting\nheteronyms\nHistorical Global database, in Keyword Discovery\nhistorical graph, from Keyword Discovery\nhits, as website traffic metric\nHitwise\nTop 10 Websites\nHitwise Search Intelligence\nholidays, influence on searching\nhomographs\nhomonyms\nhomophones\nHot Frog\nHTML\nkeywords in\nviewing on competitor’s site\nhuman behavioral analysis\nhuman resources, links from\nI\nimages\nalt and title attributes for\ndescriptive anchor text for\nfor Facebook fan page\nkeyword tags\noptimizing\noptimizing file size for faster load time\nand search engines\nsharing\nand social media\ninbound links\nindexing\nvideos\nindustry, as keyword source\nIndustry Categories, in Keyword Discovery\ninfluence, in social media, measuring\ninfluentials\ninformation seekers, tools valued by\ninformational keyword classification\nInfoSeek\nInfoUSA\ninsertion of keywords, dynamic\nInsights for Facebook\nInsights for Search (Google)\ninterdisciplinary collaboration\ninternal links\ninternational keyword research\nchallenges\nexpanding lists\nprocess\ndiscovery, refinement, and segmentation\nfinding partner,\nlanguage variations\ntranslation,\ntools\nInternet\ninformation search on\nsearch engines\nInternet Marketing: An Hour a Day (Bailey)\nInternet marketing teams\nchallenges\norganizational design\nInternet Server application programming interface (ISAPI)\ninterpretation, of keywords\niPad\niSpionage\nJ\nJapanese\nJavaScript, links in\njob listings, links for\nJustinmind\nK\nKEI (keyword effectiveness index)\nkeyboard, vs. mobile devices, search trends\nkeyword data, sources for\n{keyword: default text} code\nKeyword Discovery (Trellian)\ndatabases\ninterface\nKeyword Trends\nlimitations\npremium account\nprojects\nresults and graphs\nsearch term filters\nsearch value\nTrends\nkeyword effectiveness index (KEI), in Wordtracker\nkeyword gap analysis\nKeyword Grouper tool (WordStream)\nkeyword mapping document\nKeyword Niche Finder (WordStream)\nkeyword ranking\nkeyword research. See also international keyword research\nin behavioral design process\nfor blogs\nevolution\nfor Facebook\nimportance of\nlocal\nclassifying keyword phrases,\ncombining keyword parts,\ncompetition in local business,\nlocalizing keywords,\nfor mobile phone search\nprinciples\nbroad term vs. specific,\ninterpretation,\nkeyword relevance, ,\nkeywords and buying cycle, ,\nlong tail, ,\nsuccess secret formula,\nsocial media marketing differences\ntechniques for press releases\nfor Twitter\ntools,\nfor YouTube\nkeyword research brief\naudience/persona expectation\ncore keywords\nkeyword usage tips\nlanding pages\nunique, low-competition keywords list\nkeyword research process\nbrainstorming\nidentifying high-potential keywords\ntesting\nKeyword Research Suite (WordStream)\nKeyword Spy\nkeyword strategy development, . See also Internet marketing teams\ncompetitive intelligence\nkeyword gap analysis,\nmetadata of competitors,\nmarketing channel decisions\nmarketing strategy, plan, and goals\nmeasuring success\nKeyword Suggestion tool (WordStream)\nkeyword tool vendors. See also research tools\nkeyword typo generator\nkeywords\nattracting audience ready for conversion\ncategories for\ndynamic insertion\nhigh-potential\nidentifying media types for targeted\nimportance of\nfor local listings\nmodification techniques\nmisspellings and typos,\nplural and singular forms,\nprefixing,\nstemming,\nsuffixing,\nthesaurus,\nnegative\noptimization\ndynamic website and\nand search funnel\nsorting\nwasted time and money from wrong\nKeywordSpy\nKomarketing Associates\nL\nlanding pages\nfor ads, and quality score\ncontent, keyword and\nand quality score\ntesting\nfor videos\nlanguages, researching in other\nlast click\nlaunching ad campaign\nlead generation\nlinguists\nlink building\ncontextual\nin Facebook\nwith keywords\nlocal organizations for\nwith social media\nlink popularity\nLinkedIn\nlinks\nin Flash or JavaScript\nand high keyword ranking\ninternal\nsoliciting local\nLithium\nlocal keyword research\nclassifying phrases\ncombining parts\ncompetition in local business\nlocalizing keywords\nlocal keywords, for optimizing site\nlocal links, soliciting\nlocal listings, keywords for\nLocal Marketing Source tool\nlocal newspapers, and links\nlocal organizations, for links\nlocal search engines, updating or adding site to\nlocal search rankings, optimizing\nlocal search visibility\nlocal stores, mobile phone search for\nLocal.com\nLocaleze\nlocalization experts\nLocalizations.com\nlocalizing keywords\nin international research\nin local research\nlog analyzer tool\nlong-tail keywords\nclick-through rates (CTRs) for\nconversion rate for\ncost per click (CPC) on\nin headlines\nin international keyword research\nnumber of searches\nLookSmart\nloyalty program, for building customer relationships\nLycos\nM\nMach5 FastStats Log Analyzer\nmagazines, industry terminology from\nmarket research\nmarket share information, from Keyword Discovery\nmarketing. See also Internet marketing teams\nas link opportunity\nmarketing campaigns\nkeyword research as foundation\nstrategy\nmarketing channels\ndecision on use\ntested, verified keywords to complement\nmarketing plan\nmarketing strategy of organization\nMarketwire\nmatrix organizational structure\nmeasurability of goals\nmeasurement\ndefining for success\nof performance\nfor testing PPC campaign\nmedia types\nidentifying for targeted keywords\noptimizing for\nmembership organization, industry terminology from\nMerchant Circle\nMerriam-Webster online thesaurus\nmessage, for traditional advertising\nmessaging, keyword research for\nmeta name=”description” tag (HTML)\ninserting keywords for page\nmeta name=”keywords” tag (HTML)\ninserting keywords for page\nmeta tags, for video\nMetacafe\nMetacrawler.com\nmetadata of competitors\nmetrics for websites, hits as\nmicroblogging\nMicrosoft adCenter Add-in Beta for Excel\nMicrosoft adCenter Advertising Intelligence, limitations\nMicrosoft Advertising Intelligence\nMicrosoft Excel\ndata sort\nMicrosoft plug-in for keywords in\nthesaurus in\nMicrosoft Word, thesaurus in\nmind mapping\nmission statement\nfinding keywords in\nkeyword use in\nmisspellings, and keywords\nmobile phone search\nkeyword research for\nfor local stores\nmobile strategy development\nmoney, wasted from wrong keywords\nmonitoring, with Google Analytics\nmonthly graph, from Keyword Discovery\nMyDomain\nN\nnative speakers, for international keyword research\nnatural search engine rankings\nnavigation of website\nNegative Keyword tool (WordStream)\nnegative keywords\nbenefits of list\nfinding\nwhen to use\nNetwork Solutions\nnetworking, blogs and\nnew customers, cost decline by using long-tail keywords\nnews articles, for keywords\nNewsvine\nniche directory submission\nniche in industry\nnonprofit organizations, and links\nnormalizing keywords\nO\nobjectives, in social media strategy\nOdden, Lee\noffline marketing, keyword research role\nonline marketing, keyword research role\nopen house events, links for\noptimization\ndigital asset\nfile size of images for faster load time\nof images and videos\nof keywords\ndynamic website and\nwith local keywords\nfor local search rankings\nof videos\n“Organic Keywords,” in SpyFu\norganic listings, on search engine results pages\norganizational design\norganizing keywords\nspreadsheets for\nthemes for\noutside vendor organization structure\nOwyang, Jeremiah\nP\n“Paid Keywords,” in SpyFu\npartnerships, blogs and\nPath Length report\npay-per-click (PPC) advertising\ncategories and ad groups\nlevels\nquality score and\npay-per-click (PPC) services\nlaunching ad campaign\nfor testing\nand Wordtracker projects\nperformance measurement\nwith click-through rates\nPerformics\npersona\ndefining in mobile strategy\ndeveloping\nphrase match\nPidoco\nplural forms for keywords\npolls, of blog followers\npopularity\nscoring for\nin social media, measuring\npopulation data, gathering\npositioning\nPPC. See also pay-per-click (PPC) advertising\nPR Newswire\nprefixing\npress releases\nfinding keywords in\nkeyword use in\nlinks from\nonline\npricing model, in mobile strategy\nprioritizing keywords\nPRNewswire\nprominence of keywords\nProtoShare\nQ\nqualifications, in ad description\nqualifying traffic\nqualitative data\nquality\nof content, importance of\nof inbound links\nquality score\ncase study\nfactors influencing\npay-per-click (PPC) advertising and\nsteps to achieve\nQuality Score in High Resolution (Danuloff)\nQuantcast\nquantitative analysis\nqueries. See search queries\nQuestion Phrases option, in Keyword Discovery\nquotation marks, for search term\nR\nRadian189\nradio, online\nRank Above\nranking\nreports on\nin search engine results\nvariation by country\nranking keywords\nreaders. See target audience\nrealistic goals\nReddit\nrefinement process\nbasics\ncategorization and audience segmentation\nkeyword interpretation\nambiguity,\nseasonality,\nscoring\nfor competition, , ,\noverall, and prioritization,\nfor popularity, ,\nfor relevance,\nfor specificity,\nrefining search, in buying cycle\nregional databases, in Keyword Discovery\nrelevancy\nand ad groups\nand conversions\nkeyword frequency and\nin keyword search\nscoring for\nreputation management program\nresearch tools\nbuilding set\ncomparison chart\ncompetitive analysis\nlimitations\nfor search engine results pages analysis\nfrom search engines\nfor social media\nfor streamlining process and saving time\nTrellian Keyword Discovery\nretention program, for building customer relationships\nROI, measuring multiple campaigns against\nRSS (Really Simple Syndication)\nRT (retweet)\nRussian, Yandex search engine for\nS\nSawmill\nsearch bot\nsearch clicks stage, in search funnel\nSearch Engine Colossus\nsearch-engine-friendly design\nSearch Engine History\nSearch Engine Land\nsearch engine marketing (SEM), research on best keywords for\nSearch Engine Optimization: An Hour a Day (Grappone and Couzin)\nsearch engine optimization (SEO)\nfor all pages\ncompetition and\nkeywords’ role in\nand pay-per-click keywords\nsearch engine results pages (SERPs)\ntools for analyzing\ntypes of links\nsearch engines\ndesign\nearly on Internet\nkeyword tools from\nfor local markets\nlocal, updating or adding site to\nlocal version for different countries\npage rankings by\npay-per-click (PPC) advertising and\nfor video\nfor website\nwriting for\nsearch funnels\nconversions\nand keywords\nsearch clicks stage in\nThe Search Monitor\nSearch Planner (comScore)\nsearch process\nsearch queries\ndeveloping\nreports on\nsearch trends, mobile devices vs. keyboard\nsearch volume\nsearcher. See also target audience\nmarketer delivery on expectations\nsearcher behavior, and ads\nsearcher engagement cycle\nseasonality\nin keyword interpretation\nvariables in testing\nseed keywords\nSeed Keywords tool\nseed terms, in international keyword research\nseeding, for video\nseedkeywords.com\nSEM (search engine marketing)\nSEO. See search engine optimization (SEO)\nSEO for Dummies (Clay)\nSEOinhouse.com\nSEOmoz\n2011 Search Engine Ranking Factors page\nblog post\nlimitations\nSERPS. See search engine results pages (SERPs)\nshare of voice\nShareThis\nSinging Fish\nsingular forms for keywords\nsite analytics\nsite architecture\nbasics\ncontent design\ndeveloping personas\nkeyword modeling\nsite structure\nwireframes and prototyping\nsite map\nkeyword categories and\nof top-level pages and subpages\nsite-search utility\nsites. See websites\nslang\nSMART goals, setting up\nSnapfish\nsnapshot data\nsocial bookmarking\nplug-ins\nsocial media\nbenefits\nfor consumer terminology selections\ndefining\nand images\nkeyword research tools\nas keyword source\nkeywords in conversations\nlink building with\nmonitoring tools\nvs. traditional advertising\nsocial media marketing\nsocial media strategy\ncontent development\nengaging in conversation\nidentifying goals and objectives\nlistening\nmeasuring effectiveness\nplan development\nSocial Mention\nsocial networks\nsocial news\nSocial Oomph tool\nsocial sharing\nsocial tagging\nsorting keywords\nsorting spreadsheet, by keyword score\nspecificity\nof goals\nscoring for\nspeech-to-text conversion, by Google\nSphinn\nspider\nspreadsheets\nfor keyword analysis tracking\nkeywords and web page body copy decisions\nfor merging keyword parts\nfor organizing keywords\nsample\nsorting by keyword score\nSpyFu\ndashboard\nSpyFu Classic\nstakeholders, keyword research brief for\nStarbucks app\nstrategic function, keyword research as\nstrategies\nfor ad campaign\nas marketing team challenge\nstreaming audio, for radio\nStumbleUpon\nsuccess metrics\nbenchmarking and\nand methodology\nsuffixing\nSupermedia\nSurchur\nsurveys, as keyword source\nT\ntablet devices\ntactical campaigns, online\ntag clouds\ntags\nkeywords in\nfor video\ntarget audience\nbusiness-to-consumer vs. business-to-business\ncatching attention of\ncontent design for\ncontent of interest to\ndefining in mobile strategy\ngoals, and social media strategy\nlearning about\nlearning behavior of\nneeds assessment\nsearch process\nsearch queries by\nsegmentation, and categorization\nunderstanding\ntargeted keywords, inserting in title\nteam members. See Internet marketing teams\ntechnical design of website\nTechnorati\ntemplate, for keyword research brief\nTemplate Monster\ntesting\nenvironment for\nGoogle ads\nin keyword research process\npay-per-click (PPC) campaign\nmetrics for\ntext ads, on search engine results pages\nthemes\nfor organizing keywords\nfrom WordPress\nthesaurus\nThree Screen Report\nTime Lag report\ntime, wasted from wrong keywords\ntimeliness of goals\ntitle\nGoogle search of\ninserting targeted keywords in\nfor video\ntitle attribute (HTML), for images\ntag (HTML) \u003cp\u003etools. See research tools\n\u003cp\u003etop 10 lists\n\u003cp\u003eTop Paths report\n\u003cp\u003eTop Queries report, in Google Webmaster Tools\n\u003cp\u003etouch point, for searcher\n\u003cp\u003etracking\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword analysis in spreadsheets\n\u003cp\u003ein Twitter\n\u003cp\u003evideos\n\u003cp\u003etracking/analytics, for video\n\u003cp\u003eTrackur\n\u003cp\u003etrade associations, as keyword source\n\u003cp\u003etrade journals, industry terminology from\n\u003cp\u003eTraffic Estimator, from Google AdWords\n\u003cp\u003etraffic, from keywords\n\u003cp\u003etraining organization structure\n\u003cp\u003etransactional keyword classification\n\u003cp\u003etranslation memory manager tools\n\u003cp\u003etranslation of keywords\n\u003cp\u003etranslators\n\u003cp\u003eTrellian Keyword Discovery\n\u003cp\u003edatabases\n\u003cp\u003einterface\n\u003cp\u003eKeyword Trends\n\u003cp\u003elimitations\n\u003cp\u003epremium account\n\u003cp\u003eprojects\n\u003cp\u003eresults and graphs\n\u003cp\u003esearch term filters\n\u003cp\u003esearch value\n\u003cp\u003eTrends\n\u003cp\u003eTrellian Search Term Intelligence Tool\n\u003cp\u003etrend graph, from Keyword Discovery\n\u003cp\u003eTrendistic\n\u003cp\u003etrends\n\u003cp\u003efor blog topics\n\u003cp\u003eforecasts\n\u003cp\u003eTubeMogul\n\u003cp\u003eTV commercials\n\u003cp\u003eTwazzup\n\u003cp\u003eTweet QA\n\u003cp\u003eTweetBeep\n\u003cp\u003eTweetDeck\n\u003cp\u003etweets\n\u003cp\u003eTweetStats\n\u003cp\u003eTweetVolume\n\u003cp\u003eTwitScoop\n\u003cp\u003eTwitter\n\u003cp\u003eadding blog links to\n\u003cp\u003eadvanced search\n\u003cp\u003ebasics\n\u003cp\u003ebenefits of using\n\u003cp\u003efor conversation insights\n\u003cp\u003egenerating links with\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword research for\n\u003cp\u003etools,\n\u003cp\u003elingo\n\u003cp\u003epolls on\n\u003cp\u003etypos, and keywords\n\u003cp\u003eU\n\u003cp\u003eUniqueBlogDesign\n\u003cp\u003eUniversal Business Listing\n\u003cp\u003euploading videos\n\u003cp\u003eURLs\n\u003cp\u003edestination, keywords in\n\u003cp\u003ekeywords in\n\u003cp\u003eunique, for video\n\u003cp\u003eU.S. Census Bureau\n\u003cp\u003eV\n\u003cp\u003evalidating brand positioning\n\u003cp\u003evanity URL, on Facebook\n\u003cp\u003eViddler\n\u003cp\u003evideo search engine marketing (VSEM)\n\u003cp\u003evideo search engine optimization (VSEO)\n\u003cp\u003ebasics\n\u003cp\u003eopportunities from\n\u003cp\u003evideos\n\u003cp\u003eindexing\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword tags\n\u003cp\u003ekeywords in transcripts\n\u003cp\u003elanding pages for\n\u003cp\u003eoptimizing\n\u003cp\u003eproduction\n\u003cp\u003esharing\n\u003cp\u003euploading and optimizing\n\u003cp\u003eVideoSurf\n\u003cp\u003eVimeo\n\u003cp\u003evision statement\n\u003cp\u003efinding keywords in\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword use in\n\u003cp\u003evisitors, buying cycle of\n\u003cp\u003evisual design of website\n\u003cp\u003eW\n\u003cp\u003eweb pages\n\u003cp\u003ebody copy\n\u003cp\u003eoptimizing individual\n\u003cp\u003ewireframe for\n\u003cp\u003eWeb Position\n\u003cp\u003eweb resources\n\u003cp\u003eHashtags.org\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword tools\n\u003cp\u003ekeywordintelligencebook.com\n\u003cp\u003ekeywordresearchbook.com\n\u003cp\u003efor log file analysis\n\u003cp\u003eSEOinhouse.com\n\u003cp\u003eThesaurus.com\n\u003cp\u003eWebalizer\n\u003cp\u003eWebCertain\n\u003cp\u003eWebCrawler\n\u003cp\u003eweblog. See also blogs\n\u003cp\u003ewebsites. See also content of website; site architecture\n\u003cp\u003eadding to local search engines\n\u003cp\u003eof company, for keywords\n\u003cp\u003econtact information placement\n\u003cp\u003econtent management system\n\u003cp\u003ecopywriting\n\u003cp\u003edevelopment process\n\u003cp\u003edirectory submissions of\n\u003cp\u003edynamic, and keyword optimization\n\u003cp\u003einformation architecture\n\u003cp\u003eintegrating Twitter into\n\u003cp\u003equality content\n\u003cp\u003esearch engine for\n\u003cp\u003esearch-engine-friendly design\n\u003cp\u003ewriting for\n\u003cp\u003eWeFollow site\n\u003cp\u003eWIRED\n\u003cp\u003ewireframes\n\u003cp\u003estages\n\u003cp\u003eword processing applications, thesaurus in\n\u003cp\u003eWordPress\n\u003cp\u003ethemes\n\u003cp\u003eWordStream\n\u003cp\u003eKeyword Research Suite\n\u003cp\u003elimitations\n\u003cp\u003eWordtracker\n\u003cp\u003eCompetition IAAT (In Anchor and Title) filter\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword effectiveness index (KEI)\n\u003cp\u003elimitations\n\u003cp\u003eprojects dashboard\n\u003cp\u003efor related keywords search\n\u003cp\u003esearch count\n\u003cp\u003esearch value\n\u003cp\u003eY\n\u003cp\u003eYahoo!\n\u003cp\u003eDirectory\n\u003cp\u003eLocal Search\n\u003cp\u003eYahoo Groups\n\u003cp\u003eYandex\n\u003cp\u003eYellow Pages\n\u003cp\u003eYext\n\u003cp\u003eYouTube\n\u003cp\u003ekeyword research for\n\u003cp\u003eTV commercials on\n\u003cp\u003eYouTube Suggest\n\u003cp\u003eZ\n\u003cp\u003ezip codes, gathering information on\n\u003ch2 id=\"tools\"\u003eTools \u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrellian Keyword Discovery\n\u003cp\u003eWordtracker’s Keywords tool\n\u003cp\u003eWordStream Inc.\n\u003cp\u003eSEOmoz\n\u003cp\u003eiSpionage\n\u003cp\u003eSEMrush\n\u003cp\u003eSEMrush is the only competitor keyword research tool that regularly scrapes over 80 million SERPs for the most popular keywords. It provides more accurate, “real world,” verifiable numbers than any other comparable SEO tool.SEMrush identifies keywords from both Google Adwords and Google organicsearch results, exposing both those that are driving the most traffic to competitorsand those that are related and potentially exploitable.SEMrush takes the guesswork out of SEO and gives those who use it the upper hand they need to compete.\n\u003cp\u003eBrightEdge\n\u003cp\u003eBrightEdge is the leading enterprise SEO platform and the trusted partner of the largest and most recognizable brands in the world. BrightEdge helps marketers rise above the increasing clutter of the web and drive organic revenue from search engines across the globe in a measurable, predictable way. The BrightEdge SEO technology drives more than $3 billion in organic search for leading brands across industries, including seven of the top ten retailers, and Fortune 1000 leaders in e-commerce, technology, media, Internet, financial services, and consumer goods. BrightEdge is based in San Mateo, CA and is privately held with financing from Battery Ventures, Altos Ventures and Illuminate Ventures.\n","date":"2023-10-25T12:03:45+08:00","image":"https://example.com/images/keyword-intelligence.webp","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/keyword-intelligence-by-ron-jones/","title":"Notes on Keyword Intelligence by Ron Jones"},{"content":" To read is to write, to write is to think.\nI\u0026rsquo;ve been in the goldrush of searching for productivity, effectivity and efficiency since I was outside of an uterus. With tech companies exuding their pitch everyday, everyone is deluding they can change the world, but not everyone can do it in an organic, healthy way. Most of the time, it stays a delusion, a self-fulling prophecy. What\u0026rsquo;s even worse, in the world directed by patriarchy and totalitarian, you never hear the stories of losers. You never know how losers lose exactly. Which then, empowers more grandiose delusions. The cycle sucks every dripple of the mind, the tycoons feast on the lust of becoming superior and the slope slips toward a more power-clinging world.\nWe often assume that a certain amount of conditions are necessary and sufficient for a subject to validate their merits and definitions for the subject. We cross-examine their necessity and sufficiency then make our conclusion. This is just one of my superficial understandings of our founding fathers of the modern world from ancient Greek1. I concur this is a sound way to build our knowledge. But often, I found that not many recognize this virtue, or as I called it, a hidden law. Instead of building a sound and strong judgment about anything, we often tend to make hasty generalizations. In my knowledge, this lack of yearning for knowledge, or to put it in an easier word, recognition laziness, is another one of the parameters I discovered for the delusions.\nI have done everything in my power to reduce the possibility of making hasty generalizations since I am aware of this law, to simply make sound judgements and avoid troubles in life. One can say I\u0026rsquo;m narcissistic and material, but this is just one of the many traits of human as a biome. Whether one would like to admit it or not, we live in a manipulated world in which recognition is slanted or abused by power.\nRecently, I\u0026rsquo;ve been working on a personal informatic system to help me avoid abusing the knowledge I currently possess, or failing recognizing the sound parameters of an subject. Before doing anything, I need this intelligence system tell me what, how and where to retrieve the information. It\u0026rsquo;s a fancy way to describe a knowledge management system.\nThis is how I implement it. I have Calibre for book management, Audiobookshelf for audiobook management with docker hosting, a 7B LLM(Out of VRAM), a CRM and a RSS aggregator all running on local. Then I manage to let nginx, frps and xray all working on my remote VPS in which frps serve as a reverse proxy. It is a simple solution for my knowledge management needs. I can finally suck the marrow out of the whole human digital asset anywhere, anytime, anydevice. This is what I\u0026rsquo;ve been working on for the past three days. It is not a tool for all life\u0026rsquo;s troubles, it is simply an informatic system which aggregate all the best knowledge I can get and ease the way to grow wisdom. My hope is that I can see and recognize necessary and sufficient conditions whenever I face the difficile.\n","date":"2023-05-27T22:01:46+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/tech/a-personal-informatic-system/","title":"A Personal Informatic System"},{"content":"Quotes and reading notes.\nQuotes and reading notes GOW \u0026ldquo;We win because we are determined, disciplined. Not because we feel ourselves superior.\u0026rdquo; - Kratos\n\u0026ldquo;Hope is what makes us strong, It is why we are here, It’s what we fight with when all else is lost.\u0026rdquo; -Pandora\n\u0026ldquo;Close your heart to it. On our journey we will be attacked by all manner of creature. Close your heart to their desperation. Close your heart to their suffering. Do not allow yourself to feel for them. They will not feel for you.\u0026rdquo; - Kratos\nKratos: We will fight it. Atreus: Why? Kratos: Because you are afraid of it.\nAtreus: Just some stupid pots, and draugr, no magical treasure, and no whetstone. Kratos: Keep your expectations low boy, and you\u0026rsquo;ll never be disappointed.\nKratos: Mind your tongue, boy! Until our journey is complete, one of us must remain focused! Do not mistake my silence for lack of grief.\nAtreus: What are we hunting? Kratos: You are hunting deer. Atreus: Which way? Kratos: In the direction of deer.\nKratos: Don\u0026rsquo;t touch the water. Atreus: Why? Kratos: Do you know what\u0026rsquo;s in the water? Atreus: No\u0026hellip; It\u0026rsquo;s pitch black. Kratos: Then don\u0026rsquo;t touch the water.\nA Choice From The Gods Is As Useless As The Gods Themselves. - Kratos\nDon\u0026rsquo;t Be Sorry, Be Better. - Kratos\nPut as much distance between you and the truth as you want, it changes nothing. -Athena\nWho I was is not who you will be. -Kratos\nHe’ll Never Be Whole Without The Truth. -Mimir\nHouse of Cards Season 3 Ep 4 F.W. with Bishop F: At the burial the other day, you talked about Abraham and Isaac, God giving up his only son.\nB: Between you and me, that\u0026rsquo;s the same sermon I always use at Arlington. You put enough soldiers in the ground, you get tired of writing new ones.\nF: It was the first time I had heard it.\nB: Won\u0026rsquo;t be the last.\nF: I want to understand what justice is.\nB: That\u0026rsquo;s a big one.\nF: I know.\nB: There\u0026rsquo;s our justice, the kind men create. We base it on things like the Ten Commandments. But those can be read a million different ways.\nF: \u0026ldquo;Thou shalt not kill\u0026rdquo; seems pretty clear.\nB: Who\u0026rsquo;s to say? If we didn\u0026rsquo;t kill, others would kill instead of us. There\u0026rsquo;s a lot of killing in the Bible. King David was a warrior.\nF: How do you reconcile that with the laws that God gave Moses?\nB: Even those laws require interpretation. There are two laws we have to remember above all else. He tells us to love God and to love each other.\nF: You can\u0026rsquo;t love the people you kill.\nB: You sure as hell can. And you have to love the people who are trying to kill you. Jesus loved the Romans. \u0026ldquo;Father, forgive them,\u0026rdquo; he said, \u0026ldquo;for they know not what they do.\u0026rdquo;\nF: Yeah, well, why didn\u0026rsquo;t he fight? Why did he allow himself to be sacrificed?\nB: I ask myself that question a lot.\nF: I understand the Old Testament God. whose power is absolute, who rules through fear, but him\u0026hellip;\nB: There\u0026rsquo;s no such thing as absolute power for us, except on the receiving end. Using fear will get you nowhere. It\u0026rsquo;s not your job to determine what\u0026rsquo;s just. It\u0026rsquo;s not your place to choose the version of God you like best. It\u0026rsquo;s not your duty to serve this country alone, and it better not be your goal to simply serve yourself. You serve the Lord. And through him, you serve others. Two rules. Love God. Love each other. Period. You weren\u0026rsquo;t chosen, Mr President. Only he was.\nF: May I have a few moments for myself, to pray?\nB: It\u0026rsquo;s all yours.\nF: Love? That\u0026rsquo;s what you\u0026rsquo;re selling? Well, I don\u0026rsquo;t buy it.\nBible The songs of Moses I will sing to the lord for he has Triumphed. gloriously. The horse and his rider, he has thrown into the sea. A lord is my strength in my song and he has become my salvation. This is my God, And I will praise him my father\u0026rsquo;s god and I will Exalt him. The lord is a man the war, the lord in his name. Pharaoh\u0026rsquo;s chariots and his host he cast into the sea and his chosen Officers were sunk in the Red Sea. The floods covered them. they went down into the Depth like a stone.. Your right hand O lord Glorious in power . your right hand O lord shatters the enemy. In the greatness of your majesty, you overthrew your adversaries. You send out your fury. It consumes them like stubble At the blast. of your nostrils, the waters piled up, the floods stood up in a pile, the deeps Congealed in the heart of the sea.. The enemy said I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil, my desire shall have its fill of them. I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them, you blew with your wind, the sea covered them, they sank, like lead and mighty waters. Who is like you O lord among the gods who is like you majestic and holiness, awesome and glorious deeds doing wonders. You stressed out your right hand. The earth swallowed them you have fled in yourself, Steph as love, the people whom you have redeemed you have guided them by your strength to your holy abode. The peoples have heard they tremble pains have seized the inhabitants of Lithuania. Now are the chiefs of Eden, dismayed trembling, seized the leaders of a Moab, all the inhabitants of Canada have melted away. Terror and dread fall upon them because of greatness of your arm, they have still as a stone, tell your people a lot passed by. The people passed by whom you have pursued purchased you will bring them in and plant them on your own mountain, the place of lord would you have made for you a boat the century aloud, but your hands have established The lord will reign forever and ever\nExodus Exodus 16:26 Lord Saying If you will diligently listen to the voice of the lord, your god and do that, which is right in his eyes and give you to his commitments and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you that I put on the Egyptians for I AM the lord, your healer.\nLeviticus Leviticus 19:7 Love your neighbor as yourself. When you reap the harvest of your land You shall not reap your feet right up it to its edge, neither shall you gather the cleanliness after your harvest and you shall now strip your bare beer. Neither shall you gather the following grapes of your valued, you shall leave them for the poor and for the sergeant I AM the lord your god You shall not steal. You shall not deal falsely you shall not lie to one another. You shall not swear by my name falsely and so profane the name of your cat. I AM the lord. You shall not press your neighbor or rub him. The wages of a higher servant shall I remain with you all night until the morning. You shall not curse the deaf or put a stumbling block before the blind. But you shall fear your god, I AM the lord You shall do not injustice in court you should not be partial to the poor or defer to the Greek, but in retrospect, shall you judge your neighbor you shall not go around as a slander among the people and you should not stand up against the life on a bear, I AM the lord You should not hate your brother in your heart But you shall reason frankly with your neighbour, lest you incur sin because of him you shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the sense of your own people, but you shall love your neighbour as yourself. I AM the lord Now, 嗯，I shall keep my eyes closed. You shall keep my statutes. You should not let your cattle breed with a different kind you should not so your field with two kinds of seed nor shall you wear a government of clothes made of two kinds of material If a man lacks sexually with a woman who is a slave assigned to another man and not yet resent or given her feet, restrictions shall be made they should not be put to death because she was not Free, but he shall bring his composition to the lord, the entrance of the 10th meeting, a RAM for guilt offering. But for the lord for his said that he has committed and he shall be forgiven for the sin that he has committed When you come into the any kind of the then you shall regard its fruit as forbidden for three years it shall be forbidden to you it must not be eaten and in the 4th year all its fruits shall be holy. An offering of praise to the lord, but in the 5th year you may eat of its fruit to increase its yield for you, I AM the lord your god You should not eat any flash with the blood in it you shall not interpret omens or tell fortunes you shall not round off the hair on your temples, Omar the edges of your beard You should not make any cuts on your body for the dead, but to yourselves I AM the lord do not profane Must be less the land fall into prostitution and the land become fully full of depravity. Sabbath and the it\u0026rsquo;s my session Do not turn to mediums or necklaces do not seek them out. And so make yourselves unclean by them, I AM the lord your god. You shall stand up before the great head and honour the face of an old man and you shall fear your god, I AM the lord. When a stranger Sanders with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong. You shall treat the stranger who Sanders with you as a native among you and you shall love him as yourself. For you were certain strangers in Orlando, Egypt I AM the lord your god. You should do no wrong in judgment and measures of length and weight or quantity you shall have just balances just waits adjust for. And I just hid, I AM the law of your god who brought you up Out of Atlanta, Egypt, you shall observe all my statutes and all my rules and do them. I AM the lord The child to sacrifice. The lawyer spoke to Moses saying, say it to the people of Israel, any one of the people of Israel or the strangers with Saunders in Israel, it gives any of his children the mullet shall surely be put to death. Two of the lanterns just saw him with stones I myself once sent my face against them I will cut him off from among his people because he has given one of his children to me like that, made my century and clean into profane and holy name. And if the people of the land do all at all close their eyes to that men when he gives one of his children to me like and do not put him to death, then I will send my face against the man and gas, his clan and will cut them off from among their people and and how they will follow him in a hurry after monarch Person turns to mediums and the commanders hurry after them. I will set my face against that person, I will cut them cut him off from among his people, consecrate yourselves therefore and be holy for I AM. The lord your god keep my statutes and do them. I AM the lord whose sacrifice you for anyone who curses his father of his mother shall surely be put the death he has caused his father or his mother his blood is pumping Punishments for sexual immorality If a man commits adultery with the wife of his neighbor, both the adultery and the adulterous sexually be put to death if a man lies with his father\u0026rsquo;s wife. He has uncovered his father\u0026rsquo;s necklace, both of them shall be surely be put to death their blood is upon them. If a man lies with his daughter in law, both of them shall be shall surely be put to death, they have committed perversion, the blood is upon them. If a man lives with a male and female, both of them should have committed an obligation. They shall certainly be put to death their blood is upon them if a man takes a woman under her mother also. It is depravity he and they shall be burned with fire There may be no depravity among you. If a man lives with an animal, he shall surely be put to death and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches animals and lies with it, it shall kill the woman and the animal they shall surely be put to death their blood is upon them If a man takes his sister, a daughter of his father, or daughter of his mother and sees her necklace and she sees his necklace, it is a disgrace. And it shall be cut off from the inner side of the church. And other people he has uncovered his sisters Nicholas and he shall bear his inequity. If a man lies with a woman during her menstrual period and the curve is her necklace, he has made naked her fountain. And she has uncovered the fun of her blood. Both of them shall be cut off from among other people. You should not uncover the Nicholas of your mother sister or your mother\u0026rsquo;s sister for that is to make naked. Once relative they shall bear another inequity if a man lies with his uncle\u0026rsquo;s wife He has uncovered his uncle\u0026rsquo;s nicknames they shall bear their sin. They shall die childless. If a man takes his brother\u0026rsquo;s wife in his impurity, he has uncovered his brother\u0026rsquo;s nicknames that shall be childless You shall be holy and shall therefore keep all my statutes and normal rules and do them. That the land where I AM bringing you to live may not want you up, and you shall not walk in the customs of the nation that I AM driving up before you for they did all these things. And therefore I detested them, but I have said to you you shall inherit their land and I will give you to you to possess the land flowing with milk and honey. I AM the loyal god who has separate you from the peoples. You shall therefore separate the clean beast from the unclean. And the unclean bird affirmed the plea. You shall not make yourselves detestable by beast or bad bird or by anything with which the ground crawls, which I have set apart for you to hold the key It shall be holy to me for I the lure and holy and have separate you from the peoples that you should be mine A man or a woman who is a medium or a nickel master shall surely be put to death they shall be stoned with stones, the blood shall be upon them Holiness and the priests and the lord said to Moses speak to the priests, the son says ever and say to them, no one shall make himself unclean for the dead among the peace people. Assert for his closest relatives His mother, his father, his son, his daughter, his brother or his virgin sister, who is near to him because she has no has been for her he may take himself and clean he should not make himself unclean as a husband among his people and so profane himself. The tsunami bowed patches on their heads nor shape of their edges of their beards, never make any cuts on their body they shall be holy to their god and they\u0026rsquo;re not preparing the name of their god. For they offered the lords food affairs the breadth of the year of their god. Therefore they shall be holy they shall not marry a prostitute or a woman who has been defined neither shall they marry. A woman divorced from her father from her husband For the priest is holy to his god, you shall satisfy him for he offers the bread of your god. He shall be holy to you for I le lord whose identify you AM holy and the daughter of any priest if she prefers herself by hurry But has prophesied her father. She shall be burned with fire. The priest who is chief among his brothers on his head than an oil is poured. And who has been consecrated to wear the governments should not let their hand let the hair of his head, hang loose nor tear his clothes\nLeviticus 26:14-20 But if you will not listen to me and will not do all these commitments, if you spur my statutes, and if your soul oppose my rules so that you will not do all my commitments. But break my cabinet then I then I will do this to you. I will visit you with panic with wasting disease and fever the covenant consume the eyes and make the heart ache and you shall sow your seat in vain for your enemies shall eat. It I will set my face against you and you shall be struck down before your enemies, those who hate you shall rule over you. And you shall flee when none pursues you and if in spite of this you will not listen to me. Then I will discipline you again sevenfold for your sins and I will break the pride of your power. And I will make your heavens like Karen and your earth like brass And your strength shall be spent in vain for your land shall not yield its increase and the truth of the land shall not yield their food\nDeuteronomy Deuteronomy 12:8 Ye shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes.\nDeuteronomy 15:11 For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land.\nDeuteronomy 16:19 Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous. (NIV)\nYou shall not pervert justice. You shall not show partiality, and you shall not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and subverts the cause of the righteous. (ESV)\nDeuteronomy 23:23 You shall be careful to do what has passed your lips. - Deuteronomy 23:23 ESV\nThat which is gone out of thy lips thou shalt keep and perform - Deuteronomy 23:23 NIV\nDeuteronomy 24:16 Each one shall be put to death for his own sin. ESV\nThe fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin. - NIV\nDeuteronomy 32 Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth. My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass: Because I will publish the name of the LORD: ascribe ye greatness unto our God. He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation. Do ye thus requite the LORD, O foolish people and unwise? is not he thy father that hath bought thee? hath he not made thee, and established thee? Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations: ask thy father, and he will shew thee; thy elders, and they will tell thee. When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel. For the LORD\u0026rsquo;s portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings: So the LORD alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him. He made him ride on the high places of the earth, that he might eat the increase of the fields; and he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty rock; Butter of kine, and milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou didst drink the pure blood of the grape. But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger. They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew not, to new gods that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not. Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast forgotten God that formed thee. And when the LORD saw it, he abhorred them, because of the provoking of his sons, and of his daughters. And he said, I will hide my face from them, I will see what their end shall be: for they are a very froward generation, children in whom is no faith. They have moved me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation. For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on fire the foundations of the mountains. I will heap mischiefs upon them; I will spend mine arrows upon them. They shall be burnt with hunger, and devoured with burning heat, and with bitter destruction: I will also send the teeth of beasts upon them, with the poison of serpents of the dust. The sword without, and terror within, shall destroy both the young man and the virgin, the suckling also with the man of gray hairs. I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men: Were it not that I feared the wrath of the enemy, lest their adversaries should behave themselves strangely, and lest they should say, Our hand is high, and the LORD hath not done all this. For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them. O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end! How should one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, except their Rock had sold them, and the LORD had shut them up? For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges. For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter: Their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps. Is not this laid up in store with me, and sealed up among my treasures? To me belongeth vengeance, and recompence; their foot shall slide in due time: for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste. For the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none shut up, or left. And he shall say, Where are their gods, their rock in whom they trusted, Which did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand. For I lift up my hand to heaven, and say, I live for ever. If I whet my glittering sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that hate me. I will make mine arrows drunk with blood, and my sword shall devour flesh; and that with the blood of the slain and of the captives, from the beginning of revenges upon the enemy. Rejoice, O ye nations, with his people: for he will avenge the blood of his servants, and will render vengeance to his adversaries, and will be merciful unto his land, and to his people.\nJoshua Joshua 1:9 Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.\nJoshua 10:12 Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.\nJoshua 10:13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.\nJoshua 22:5 But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cling to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.\n1 Samuel 1 Samuel 2:1-2:10 And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation.\nThere is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God.\nTalk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.\nThe bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.\nThey that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble.\nThe LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up.\nThe LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up.\nHe raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD\u0026rsquo;s, and he hath set the world upon them.\nHe will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail.\nThe adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.\n1 Samuel 2:30 Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.( NIV)\nTherefore the Lord, the God of Israel, declares: \u0026lsquo;I promised that your house and the house of your father should go in and out before me for ever.\u0026rsquo; but now the Lord declares: \u0026lsquo;Far be it from me, for those who honour me I will honour, and those who despise me shall be lightly esteemed.\u0026rsquo; (ESV)\n1 Samuel 15:23 For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry. Because thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, he hath also rejected thee from being king.\n1 Samuel 16:7 But the LORD said unto 1 Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart.\n1 Samuel 24:11 - 24:22 24:11 我父阿，看看你外袍的衣襟在我手中。我割下你的衣襟，没有杀 你。你由此可以知道我没有恶意叛逆你。你虽然猎取我的命，我却没有得罪 你。 Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it. 24:12 愿耶和华在你我中间判断是非，在你身上为我伸冤，我却不亲手 加害于你。 The LORD judge between me and thee, and the LORD avenge me of thee: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. 24:13 古人有句俗语说，恶事出于恶人。我却不亲手加害于你。 As saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. 24:14 以色列王出来要寻梢谁呢。追赶谁呢。不过追赶一条死狗，一个 虼蚤就是了。 After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea. 24:15 愿耶和华在你我中间施行审判，断定是非，并且鉴察，为我伸 冤，救我脱离你的手。 The LORD therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand. 24:16 大卫向扫罗说完这话，扫罗说，我儿大卫，这是你的声音吗。就 放声大哭， And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept. 24:17 对大卫说，你比我公义。因为你以善待我，我却以恶待你。 And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. 24:18 你今日显明是以善待我。因为耶和华将我交在你手里，你却没有 杀我。 And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with me: forasmuch as when the LORD had delivered me into thine hand, thou killedst me not. 24:19 人若遇见仇敌，岂肯放他平安无事地去呢。愿耶和华因你今日向 我所行的，以善报你。 For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore the LORD reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me this day. 24:20 我也知道你必要作王，以色列的国必坚立在你手里。 And now, behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand. 24:21 现在你要指着耶和华向我起誓，不剪除我的后裔，在我父家不灭 没我的名。 Swear now therefore unto me by the LORD, that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my father\u0026rsquo;s house. 24:22 于是大卫向扫罗起誓，扫罗就回家去。大卫和跟随他的人上山寨 去了。 And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men gat them up unto the hold.\n1 Samuel 30:1 - 30:6 And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;\nAnd had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way.\nSo David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives.\nThen David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep.\nAnd David\u0026rsquo;s two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.\nAnd David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the LORD his God.\n1 Samuel 30:22 - 25 Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.\nThen said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand.\nFor who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: they shall part alike.\nAnd it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day.\n2 Samuel Samuel 7:4- 17 7:4 当夜，耶和华的话临到拿单说， And it came to pass that night, that the word of the LORD came unto Nathan, saying, 7:5 你去告诉我仆人大卫，说耶和华如此说，你岂可建造殿宇给我居住 呢。 Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the LORD, Shalt thou build me an house for me to dwell in? 7:6 自从我领以色列人出埃及直到今日，我未曾住过殿宇，常在会幕和 帐幕中行走。 Whereas I have not dwelt in any house since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle. 7:7 凡我同以色列人所走的地方，我何曾向以色列一支派的士师，就是 我吩咐牧养我民以色列的说，你们为何不给我建造香柏木的殿宇呢。 In all the places wherein I have walked with all the children of Israel spake I a word with any of the tribes of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people Israel, saying, Why build ye not me an house of cedar? 7:8 现在，你要告诉我仆人大卫，说万军之耶和华如此说，我从羊圈中 将你召来，叫你不再跟从羊群，立你作我民以色列的君。 Now therefore so shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel: 7:9 你无论往哪里去，我常与你同在，剪除你的一切仇敌。我必使你得 大名，好像世上大大有名的人一样。 And I was with thee whithersoever thou wentest, and have cut off all thine enemies out of thy sight, and have made thee a great name, like unto the name of the great men that are in the earth. 7:10 我必为我民以色列选定一个地方，栽培他们，使他们住自己的地 方，不再迁移。凶恶之子也不像从前扰害他们， Moreover I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more; neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, as beforetime, 7:11 并不像我命士师治理我民以色列的时候一样。我必使你安靖，不被 一切仇敌扰乱，并且我耶和华应许你，必为你建立家室。 And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house. 7:12 你寿数满足，与你列祖同睡的时候，我必使你的后裔接续你的位。 我也必坚定他的国。 And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. 7:13 他必为我的名建造殿宇。我必坚定他的国位，直到永远。 He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever. 7:14 我要作他的父，他要作我的子。他若犯了罪，我必用人的杖责打 他，用人的鞭责罚他。 I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: 7:15 但我的慈爱仍不离开他，像离开在你面前所废弃的扫罗一样。 But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. 7:16 你的家和你的国必在我（原文作你）面前永远坚立。你的国位也必 坚定，直到永远。 And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever. 7:17 拿单就按这一切话，照这默示，告诉大卫。 According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David.\nSAMUEL22:2-51 22:2 说，耶和华是我的岩石，我的山寨，我的救主， And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; 22:3 我的神，我的磐石，我所投靠的。他是我的盾牌，是拯救我的角， 是我的高台，是我的避难所。我的救主阿，你是救我脱离强暴的。 The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence. 22:4 我要求告当赞美的耶和华，这样，我必从仇敌手中被救出来。 I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. 22:5 曾有死亡的波浪环绕我，匪类的急流使我惊惧， When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid; 22:6 阴间的绳索缠绕我，死亡的网罗临到我。 The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death prevented me; 22:7 我在急难中求告耶和华，向我的神呼求。他从殿中听了我的声音。 我的呼求入了他的耳中。 In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry did enter into his ears. 22:8 那时因他发怒，地就摇撼战抖。天的根基也震动摇撼。 Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth. 22:9 从他鼻孔冒烟上腾。从他口中发火焚烧，连炭也着了。 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. 22:10 他又使天下垂，亲自降临。有黑云在他脚下。 He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under his feet. 22:11 他坐着基路伯飞行，在风的翅膀上显现。 And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind. 22:12 他以黑暗和聚集的水，天空的厚云为他四围的行宫。 And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies. 22:13 因他面前的光辉炭都着了。 Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled. 22:14 耶和华从天上打雷。至高者发出声音。 The LORD thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice. 22:15 他射出箭来，使仇敌四散，发出闪电，使他们扰乱。 And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them. 22:16 耶和华的斥责一发，鼻孔的气一出，海底就出现，大地的根基也 显露。 And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils. 22:17 他从高天伸手抓住我，把我从大水中拉上来。 He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters; 22:18 他救我脱离我的劲敌和那些恨我的人，因为他们比我强盛。 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated me: for they were too strong for me. 22:19 我遭遇灾难的日子，他们来攻击我。但耶和华是我的倚靠。 They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my stay. 22:20 他又领我到宽阔之处。他救拔我，因他喜悦我。 He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, because he delighted in me. 22:21 耶和华按着我的公义报答我，按着我手中的清洁赏赐我。 The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. 22:22 因为我遵守了耶和华的道，未曾作恶离开我的神。 For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God. 22:23 他的一切典章常在我面前。他的律例，我也未曾离弃。 For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I did not depart from them. 22:24 我在他面前作了完全人。我也保守自己远离我的罪孽。 I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity. 22:25 所以耶和华按我的公义，按我在他眼前的清洁赏赐我。 Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight. 22:26 慈爱的人，你以慈爱待他。完全的人，你以完全待他。 With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright. 22:27 清洁的人，你以清洁待他。乖僻的人，你以弯曲待他。 With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt shew thyself unsavoury. 22:28 困苦的百姓，你必拯救。但你的眼目察看高傲的人，使他降卑。 And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down. 22:29 耶和华阿，你是我的灯。耶和华必照明我的黑暗。 For thou art my lamp, O LORD: and the LORD will lighten my darkness. 22:30 我藉着你冲入敌军，藉着我的神跳过墙垣。 For by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall. 22:31 至于神，他的道是完全的。耶和华的话是炼净的。凡投靠他的， 他便作他们的盾牌。 As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all them that trust in him. 22:32 除了耶和华，谁是神呢。除了我们的神，谁是磐石呢。 For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, save our God? 22:33 神是我坚固的保障。他引导完全人行他的路。 God is my strength and power: and he maketh my way perfect. 22:34 他使我的脚快如母鹿的蹄，又使我在高处安稳。 He maketh my feet like hinds\u0026rsquo; feet: and setteth me upon my high places. 22:35 他教导我的手能以争战，甚至我的膀臂能开铜弓。 He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. 22:36 你把你的救恩给我作盾牌。你的温和使我为大。 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy gentleness hath made me great. 22:37 你使我脚下的地步宽阔。我的脚未曾滑跌。 Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip. 22:38 我追赶我的仇敌，灭绝了他们，未灭以先，我没有归回。 I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not again until I had consumed them. 22:39 我灭绝了他们，打伤了他们，使他们不能起来。他们都倒在我的 脚下。 And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet. 22:40 因为你曾以力量束我的腰，使我能争战。你也使那起来攻击我的 都服在我以下。 For thou hast girded me with strength to battle: them that rose up against me hast thou subdued under me. 22:41 你又使我的仇敌在我面前转背逃跑，叫我能以剪除那恨我的人。 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me. 22:42 他们仰望，却无人拯救。就是呼求耶和华，他也不应允。 They looked, but there was none to save; even unto the LORD, but he answered them not. 22:43 我捣碎他们，如同地上的灰尘，践踏他们，四散在地，如同街上 的泥土。 Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad. 22:44 你救我脱离我百姓的争竞，保护我作列国的元首。我素不认识的 民必事奉我。 Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people, thou hast kept me to be head of the heathen: a people which I knew not shall serve me. 22:45 外邦人要投降我，一听见我的名声就必顺从我。 Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me. 22:46 外邦人要衰残，战战兢兢地出他们的营寨。 Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places. 22:47 耶和华是活神，愿我的磐石被人称颂。愿神那拯救我的磐石被人 尊崇。 The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation. 22:48 这位神就是那为我伸冤，使众民服在我以下的。 It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me, 22:49 你救我脱离仇敌，又把我举起，高过那些起来攻击我的。你救我 脱离强暴的人。 And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. 22:50 耶和华阿，因此我要在外邦中称谢你，歌颂你的名。 Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name. 22:51 耶和华赐极大的救恩给他所立的王，施慈爱给他的受膏者，就是 给大卫和他的后裔，直到永远。 He is the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.\n2 Kings 2 Kings:19:21-28 19:21 耶和华论他这样说，锡安的处女藐视你，嗤笑你。耶路撒冷的女 子向你摇头。 This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin the daughter of Zion hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee. 19:22 你辱骂谁。亵渎谁。扬起声来，高举眼目攻击谁呢。乃是攻击以 色列的圣者。 Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel. 19:23 你藉你的使者辱骂主，并说，我率领许多战车上山顶，到黎巴嫩 极深之处。我要砍伐其中高大的香柏树和佳美的松树。我必上极高之处，进 入肥田的树林。 By thy messengers thou hast reproached the LORD, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel. 19:24 我已经在外邦挖井喝水。我必用脚掌踏乾埃及的一切河。 I have digged and drunk strange waters, and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of besieged places. 19:25 耶和华说，我早先所作的，古时所立的，就是现在藉你使坚固城 荒废，变为乱堆，这事你岂没有听见吗。 Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps. 19:26 所以其中的居民力量甚小，惊惶羞愧。他们像野草，像青菜，如 房顶上的草，又如未长成而枯乾的禾稼。 Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the house tops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up. 19:27 你坐下，你出去，你进来，你向我发烈怒，我都知道。 But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me. 19:28 因你向我发烈怒，又因你狂傲的话达到我耳中，我就要用钩子钩 上你的鼻子，把嚼环放在你口里，使你从你来的路转回去。 Because thy rage against me and thy tumult is come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest.\n2 Chronicles 2 CHRONICLES 15:7 Be ye strong therefore, and let not your hands be weak: for your work shall be rewarded.\n2 CHRONICLES 18:25-34 18:28 以色列王和犹大王约沙法上基列的拉末去了。 So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramothgilead. 18:29 以色列王对约沙法说，我要改装上阵，你可以仍穿王服。于是以 色列王改装，他们就上阵去了。 And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and will go to the battle; but put thou on thy robes. So the king of Israel disguised himself; and they went to the battle. 18:30 先是亚兰王吩咐车兵长说，他们的兵将，无论大小，你们都不可 与他们争战，只要与以色列王争战。 Now the king of Syria had commanded the captains of the chariots that were with him, saying, Fight ye not with small or great, save only with the king of Israel. 18:31 车兵长看见约沙法便说，这必是以色列王，就转过去与他争战。 约沙法一呼喊，耶和华就帮助他，神又感动他们离开他。 And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, It is the king of Israel. Therefore they compassed about him to fight: but Jehoshaphat cried out, and the LORD helped him; and God moved them to depart from him. 18:32 车兵长见不是以色列王，就转去不追他了。 For it came to pass, that, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Israel, they turned back again from pursuing him. 18:33 有一人随便开弓，恰巧射入以色列王的甲缝里。王对赶车的说， 我受了重伤，你转过车来，拉我出阵吧。 And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: therefore he said to his chariot man, Turn thine hand, that thou mayest carry me out of the host; for I am wounded. 18:34 那日阵势越战越猛，以色列王勉强站在车上抵挡亚兰人，直到晚 上。约在日落的时候，王就死了。 And the battle increased that day: howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Syrians until the even: and about the time of the sun going down he died.\n2 CHRONICLES 33:10-13 33:10 耶和华警戒玛拿西和他的百姓，他们却是不听。 And the LORD spake to Manasseh, and to his people: but they would not hearken. 33:11 所以耶和华使亚述王的将帅来攻击他们，用铙钩钩住玛拿西，用 铜链锁住他，带到巴比伦去。 Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. 33:12 他在急难的时候，就恳求耶和华他的神，且在他列祖的神面前极 其自卑。 And when he was in affliction, he besought the LORD his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers, 33:13 他祈祷耶和华，耶和华就允准他的祈求，垂听他的祷告，使他归 回耶路撒冷，仍坐国位。玛拿西这才知道惟独耶和华是神。 And prayed unto him: and he was intreated of him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the LORD he was God.\nEzra Ezra 9:1-9 9:1 这事做完了，众首领来见我，说，以色列民和祭司并利未人，没有 离绝迦南人，赫人，比利洗人，耶布斯人，亚扪人，摩押人，埃及人，亚摩 利人，仍效法这些国的民，行可憎的事。 Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites. 9:2 因他们为自己和儿子娶了这些外邦女子为妻，以致圣洁的种类和这 些国的民混杂。而且首领和官长在这事上为罪魁。 For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass. 9:3 我一听见这事，就撕裂衣服和外袍，拔了头发和胡须，惊惧忧闷而 坐。 And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down astonied. 9:4 凡为以色列神言语战兢的，都因这被掳归回之人所犯的罪聚集到我 这里来。我就惊惧忧闷而坐，直到献晚祭的时候。 Then were assembled unto me every one that trembled at the words of the God of Israel, because of the transgression of those that had been carried away; and I sat astonied until the evening sacrifice. 9:5 献晚祭的时候我起来，心中愁苦，穿着撕裂的衣袍，双膝跪下向耶 和华我的神举手， And at the evening sacrifice I arose up from my heaviness; and having rent my garment and my mantle, I fell upon my knees, and spread out my hands unto the LORD my God, 9:6 说，我的神阿，我抱愧蒙羞，不敢向我神仰面。因为我们的罪孽灭 顶，我们的罪恶滔天。 And said, O my God, I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God: for our iniquities are increased over our head, and our trespass is grown up unto the heavens. 9:7 从我们列祖直到今日，我们的罪恶甚重。因我们的罪孽，我们和君 王，祭司都交在外邦列王的手中，杀害，掳掠，抢夺，脸上蒙羞正如今日的 光景。 Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass unto this day; and for our iniquities have we, our kings, and our priests, been delivered into the hand of the kings of the lands, to the sword, to captivity, and to a spoil, and to confusion of face, as it is this day. 9:8 现在耶和华我们的神暂且施恩与我们，给我们留些逃脱的人，使我 们安稳如钉子钉在他的圣所，我们的神好光照我们的眼目，使我们在受辖制 之中稍微复兴。 And now for a little space grace hath been shewed from the LORD our God, to leave us a remnant to escape, and to give us a nail in his holy place, that our God may lighten our eyes, and give us a little reviving in our bondage. 9:9 我们是奴仆，然而在受辖制之中，我们的神仍没有丢弃我们，在波 斯王眼前向我们施恩，叫我们复兴，能重建我们神的殿，修其毁坏之处，使 我们在犹大和耶路撒冷有墙垣。 For we were bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem.\nNehemiah Nehemiah 9:6 - 9:38 9:6 你，惟独你是耶和华。你造了天和天上的天，并天上的万象， 地和地上的万物，海和海中所有的。这一切都是你所保存的。天军也都 敬拜你。 Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are therein, the seas, and all that is therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee. 9:7 你是耶和华神，曾拣选亚伯兰，领他出迦勒底的吾珥，给他改 名叫亚伯拉罕。 Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of Abraham; 9:8 你见他在你面前心里诚实，就与他立约。应许把迦南人，赫 人，亚摩利人，比利洗人，耶布斯人，革迦撒人之地赐给他的后裔。且 应验了你的话，因为你是公义的。 And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and hast performed thy words; for thou art righteous: 9:9 你曾看见我们列祖在埃及所受的困苦，垂听他们在红海边的哀 求。 And didst see the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red sea; 9:10 就施行神迹奇事在法老，和他一切臣仆，并他国中的众民身 上。你也得了名声，正如今日一样，因为你知道他们向我们列祖行事狂 傲。 And shewedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land: for thou knewest that they dealt proudly against them. So didst thou get thee a name, as it is this day. 9:11 你又在我们列祖面前把海分开，使他们在海中行走乾地，将追 赶他们的人抛在深海，如石头抛在大水中。 And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecutors thou threwest into the deeps, as a stone into the mighty waters. 9:12 并且白昼用云柱引导他们，黑夜用火柱照亮他们当行的路。 Moreover thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar; and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go. 9:13 你也降临在西奈山，从天上与他们说话，赐给他们正直的典 章，真实的律法，美好的条例与诫命。 Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments: 9:14 又使他们知道你的安息圣日，并藉你仆人摩西传给他们诫命， 条例，律法。 And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant: 9:15 从天上赐下粮食充他们的饥，从磐石使水流出解他们的渴，又 吩咐他们进去得你起誓应许赐给他们的地。 And gavest them bread from heaven for their hunger, and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst, and promisedst them that they should go in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn to give them. 9:16 但我们的列祖行事狂傲，硬着颈项不听从你的诫命。 But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments, 9:17 不肯顺从，也不记念你在他们中间所行的奇事，竟硬着颈项， 居心背逆，自立首领，要回他们为奴之地。但你是乐意饶恕人，有恩 典，有怜悯，不轻易发怒，有丰盛慈爱的神，并不丢弃他们。 And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not. 9:18 他们虽然铸了一只牛犊，彼此说，这是领你出埃及的神。因而 大大惹动你的怒气。 Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations; 9:19 你还是大施怜悯，在旷野不丢弃他们。白昼，云柱不离开他 们，仍引导他们行路。黑夜，火柱也不离开他们，仍照亮他们当行的 路。 Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, to shew them light, and the way wherein they should go. 9:20 你也赐下你良善的灵教训他们，未尝不赐吗哪使他们糊口，并 赐水解他们的渴。 Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst. 9:21 在旷野四十年，你养育他们，他们就一无所缺。衣服没有穿 破，脚也没有肿。 Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not. 9:22 并且你将列国之地照分赐给他们，他们就得了西宏之地，希实 本王之地，和巴珊王噩之地。 Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide them into corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan. 9:23 你也使他们的子孙多如天上的星，带他们到你所应许他们列祖 进入得为业之地。 Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it. 9:24 这样，他们进去得了那地，你在他们面前制伏那地的居民，就 是迦南人。将迦南人和其君王，并那地的居民，都交在他们手里，让他 们任意而待。 So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the people of the land, that they might do with them as they would. 9:25 他们得了坚固的城邑，肥美的地土，充满各样美物的房屋，凿 成的水井，葡萄园，橄榄园，并许多果木树。他们就吃而得饱，身体肥 胖，因你的大恩，心中快乐。 And they took strong cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all goods, wells digged, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness. 9:26 然而，他们不顺从，竟背叛你，将你的律法丢在背后，杀害那 劝他们归向你的众先知，大大惹动你的怒气。 Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs, and slew thy prophets which testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great provocations. 9:27 所以你将他们交在敌人的手中，磨难他们。他们遭难的时候哀 求你，你就从天上垂听，照你的大怜悯赐给他们拯救者，救他们脱离敌 人的手。 Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies, who vexed them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and according to thy manifold mercies thou gavest them saviours, who saved them out of the hand of their enemies. 9:28 但他们得平安之后，又在你面前行恶，所以你丢弃他们在仇敌 的手中，使仇敌辖制他们。然而他们转回哀求你，你仍从天上垂听，屡 次照你的怜悯拯救他们。 But after they had rest, they did evil again before thee: therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and many times didst thou deliver them according to thy mercies; 9:29 又警戒他们，要使他们归服你的律法。他们却行事狂傲，不听 从你的诫命，干犯你的典章（人若遵行就必因此活着），扭转肩头，硬 着颈项，不肯听从。 And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear. 9:30 但你多年宽容他们，又用你的灵藉众先知劝戒他们，他们仍不 听从，所以你将他们交在列国之民的手中。 Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy prophets: yet would they not give ear: therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the lands. 9:31 然而你大发怜悯，不全然灭绝他们，也不丢弃他们。因为你是 有恩典，有怜悯的神。 Nevertheless for thy great mercies\u0026rsquo; sake thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful God. 9:32 我们的神阿，你是至大，至能，至可畏，守约施慈爱的神。我 们的君王，首领，祭司，先知，列祖，和你的众民。从亚述列王的时候 直到今日所遭遇的苦难，现在求你不要以为小。 Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day. 9:33 在一切临到我们的事上，你却是公义的。因你所行的是诚实， 我们所做的是邪恶。 Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us; for thou hast done right, but we have done wickedly: 9:34 我们的君王，首领，祭司，列祖都不遵守你的律法。不听从你 的诫命和你警戒他们的话。 Neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies, wherewith thou didst testify against them. 9:35 他们在本国里沾你大恩的时候，在你所赐给他们这广大肥美之 地上不事奉你，也不转离他们的恶行。 For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works. 9:36 我们现今作了奴仆。至于你所赐给我们列祖享受其上的土产， 并美物之地，看哪，我们在这地上作了奴仆。 Behold, we are servants this day, and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it: 9:37 这地许多出产归了列王，就是你因我们的罪所派辖制我们的。 他们任意辖制我们的身体和牲畜，我们遭了大难。 And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distress. 9:38 因这一切的事，我们立确实的约，写在册上。我们的首领，利 未人，和祭司都签了名。 And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it.\nJob Job 4:5 - 21 4:5 但现在祸患临到你，你就昏迷，挨近你，你便惊惶。 But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee, and thou art troubled. 4:6 你的倚靠不是在你敬畏神吗。你的盼望不是在你行事纯正吗。 Is not this thy fear, thy confidence, thy hope, and the uprightness of thy ways? 4:7 请你追想，无辜的人有谁灭亡。正直的人在何处剪除。 Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off? 4:8 按我所见，耕罪孽，种毒害的人，都照样收割。 Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same. 4:9 神一出气，他们就灭亡。神一发怒，他们就消没。 By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed. 4:10 狮子的吼叫，和猛狮的声音，尽都止息。少壮狮子的牙齿，也 都敲掉。 The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken. 4:11 老狮子因绝食而死。母狮之子也都离散。 The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion\u0026rsquo;s whelps are scattered abroad. 4:12 我暗暗地得了默示。我耳朵也听其细微的声音。 Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof. 4:13 在思念夜中，异象之间，世人沉睡的时候。 In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, 4:14 恐惧，战兢临到我身，使我百骨打战。 Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. 4:15 有灵从我面前经过，我身上的毫毛直立。 Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up: 4:16 那灵停住，我却不能辨其形状。有影像在我眼前。我在静默中 听见有声音说， It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying, 4:17 必死的人岂能比神公义吗。人岂能比造他的主洁净吗。 Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker? 4:18 主不信靠他的臣仆，并且指他的使者为愚昧。 Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly: 4:19 何况那住在土房，根基在尘土里，被蠹虫所毁坏的人呢。 How much less in them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth? 4:20 早晚之间，就被毁灭，永归无有，无人理会。 They are destroyed from morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding it. 4:21 他帐棚的绳索岂不从中抽出来呢。他死，且是无智慧而死。 Doth not their excellency which is in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.\nJob 5 5:1 你且呼求，有谁答应你。诸圣者之中，你转向那一位呢。 Call now, if there be any that will answer thee; and to which of the saints wilt thou turn? 5:2 忿怒害死愚妄人，嫉妒杀死痴迷人。 For wrath killeth the foolish man, and envy slayeth the silly one. 5:3 我曾见愚妄人扎下根，但我忽然咒诅他的住处。 I have seen the foolish taking root: but suddenly I cursed his habitation. 5:4 他的儿女远离稳妥的地步，在城门口被压，并无人搭救。 His children are far from safety, and they are crushed in the gate, neither is there any to deliver them. 5:5 他的庄稼有饥饿的人吃尽了，就是在荆棘里的也抢去了。他的 财宝有网罗张口吞灭了。 Whose harvest the hungry eateth up, and taketh it even out of the thorns, and the robber swalloweth up their substance. 5:6 祸患原不是从土中出来。患难也不是从地里发生。 Although affliction cometh not forth of the dust, neither doth trouble spring out of the ground; 5:7 人生在世必遇患难，如同火星飞腾。 Yet man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward. 5:8 至于我，我必仰望神，把我的事情托付他。 I would seek unto God, and unto God would I commit my cause: 5:9 他行大事不可测度，行奇事不可胜数。 Which doeth great things and unsearchable; marvellous things without number: 5:10 降雨在地上，赐水于田里。 Who giveth rain upon the earth, and sendeth waters upon the fields: 5:11 将卑微的安置在高处，将哀痛的举到稳妥之地。 To set up on high those that be low; that those which mourn may be exalted to safety. 5:12 破坏狡猾人的计谋，使他们所谋的不得成就。 He disappointeth the devices of the crafty, so that their hands cannot perform their enterprise. 5:13 他叫有智慧的中了自己的诡计，使狡诈人的计谋速速灭亡。 He taketh the wise in their own craftiness: and the counsel of the froward is carried headlong. 5:14 他们白昼遇见黑暗，午间摸索如在夜间。 They meet with darkness in the day time, and grope in the noonday as in the night. 5:15 神拯救穷乏人，脱离他们口中的刀，和强暴人的手。 But he saveth the poor from the sword, from their mouth, and from the hand of the mighty. 5:16 这样，贫寒的人有指望，罪孽之辈必塞口无言。 So the poor hath hope, and iniquity stoppeth her mouth. 5:17 神所惩治的人是有福的。所以你不可轻看全能者的管教。 Behold, happy is the man whom God correcteth: therefore despise not thou the chastening of the Almighty: 5:18 因为他打破，又缠裹。他击伤，用手医治。 For he maketh sore, and bindeth up: he woundeth, and his hands make whole. 5:19 你六次遭难，他必救你。就是七次，灾祸也无法害你。 He shall deliver thee in six troubles: yea, in seven there shall no evil touch thee. 5:20 在饥荒中，他必救你脱离死亡。在争战中，他必救你脱离刀剑 的权力。 In famine he shall redeem thee from death: and in war from the power of the sword. 5:21 你必被隐藏，不受口舌之害。灾殃临到，你也不惧怕。 Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue: neither shalt thou be afraid of destruction when it cometh. 5:22 你遇见灾害饥馑，就必嬉笑。地上的野兽，你也不惧怕。 At destruction and famine thou shalt laugh: neither shalt thou be afraid of the beasts of the earth. 5:23 因为你必与田间的石头立约，田里的野兽也必与你和好。 For thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field: and the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee. 5:24 你必知道你帐棚平安，要查看你的羊圈，一无所失。 And thou shalt know that thy tabernacle shall be in peace; and thou shalt visit thy habitation, and shalt not sin. 5:25 也必知道你的后裔将来发达，你的子孙像地上的青草。 Thou shalt know also that thy seed shall be great, and thine offspring as the grass of the earth. 5:26 你必寿高年迈才归坟墓，好像禾捆到时收藏。 Thou shalt come to thy grave in a full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in in his season. 5:27 这理，我们已经考察，本是如此。你须要听，要知道是与自己 有益。 Lo this, we have searched it, so it is; hear it, and know thou it for thy good.\nJob 6 6:1 约伯回答说， But Job answered and said, 6:2 惟愿我的烦恼称一称，我一切的灾害放在天平里。 Oh that my grief were throughly weighed, and my calamity laid in the balances together! 6:3 现今都比海沙更重，所以我的言语急躁。 For now it would be heavier than the sand of the sea: therefore my words are swallowed up. 6:4 因全能者的箭射入我身，其毒，我的灵喝尽了。神的惊吓摆阵 攻击我。 For the arrows of the Almighty are within me, the poison whereof drinketh up my spirit: the terrors of God do set themselves in array against me. 6:5 野驴有草岂能叫唤，牛有料，岂能吼叫。 Doth the wild ass bray when he hath grass? or loweth the ox over his fodder? 6:6 物淡而无盐岂可吃吗，蛋青有什么滋味呢。 Can that which is unsavoury be eaten without salt? or is there any taste in the white of an egg? 6:7 看为可厌的食物，我心不肯挨近。 The things that my soul refused to touch are as my sorrowful meat. 6:8 惟愿我得着所求的，愿神赐我所切望的。 Oh that I might have my request; and that God would grant me the thing that I long for! 6:9 就是愿神把我压碎，伸手将我剪除。 Even that it would please God to destroy me; that he would let loose his hand, and cut me off! 6:10 我因没有违弃那圣者的言语，就仍以此为安慰，在不止息的痛 苦中还可踊跃。 Then should I yet have comfort; yea, I would harden myself in sorrow: let him not spare; for I have not concealed the words of the Holy One. 6:11 我有什么气力使我等候。我有什么结局使我忍耐。 What is my strength, that I should hope? and what is mine end, that I should prolong my life? 6:12 我的气力岂是石头的气力。我的肉身岂是铜的呢。 Is my strength the strength of stones? or is my flesh of brass? 6:13 在我岂不是毫无帮助吗。智慧岂不是从我心中赶出净尽吗。 Is not my help in me? and is wisdom driven quite from me? 6:14 那将要灰心，离弃全能者，不敬畏神的人，他的朋友当以慈爱 待他。 To him that is afflicted pity should be shewed from his friend; but he forsaketh the fear of the Almighty. 6:15 我的弟兄诡诈，好像溪水，又像溪水流乾的河道。 My brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook, and as the stream of brooks they pass away; 6:16 这河因结冰发黑，有雪藏在其中。 Which are blackish by reason of the ice, and wherein the snow is hid: 6:17 天气渐暖就随时消化，日头炎热便从原处乾涸。 What time they wax warm, they vanish: when it is hot, they are consumed out of their place. 6:18 结伴的客旅离弃大道，顺河偏行，到荒野之地死亡。 The paths of their way are turned aside; they go to nothing, and perish. 6:19 提玛结伴的客旅瞻望。示巴同夥的人等候。 The troops of Tema looked, the companies of Sheba waited for them. 6:20 他们因失了盼望就抱愧，来到那里便蒙羞。 They were confounded because they had hoped; they came thither, and were ashamed. 6:21 现在你们正是这样，看见惊吓的事便惧怕。 For now ye are nothing; ye see my casting down, and are afraid. 6:22 我岂说，请你们供给我，从你们的财物中送礼物给我。 Did I say, Bring unto me? or, Give a reward for me of your substance? 6:23 岂说，拯救我脱离敌人的手吗。救赎我脱离强暴人的手吗。 Or, Deliver me from the enemy\u0026rsquo;s hand? or, Redeem me from the hand of the mighty? 6:24 请你们教导我，我便不作声。使我明白在何事上有错。 Teach me, and I will hold my tongue: and cause me to understand wherein I have erred. 6:25 正直的言语力量何其大。但你们责备是责备什么呢。 How forcible are right words! but what doth your arguing reprove? 6:26 绝望人的讲论既然如风，你们还想要驳正言语吗。 Do ye imagine to reprove words, and the speeches of one that is desperate, which are as wind? 6:27 你们想为孤儿拈阄，以朋友当货物。 Yea, ye overwhelm the fatherless, and ye dig a pit for your friend. 6:28 现在请你们看看我，我决不当面说谎。 Now therefore be content, look upon me; for it is evident unto you if I lie. 6:29 请你们转意，不要不公。请再转意，我的事有理。 Return, I pray you, let it not be iniquity; yea, return again, my righteousness is in it. 6:30 我的舌上岂有不义吗。我的口里岂不辨奸恶吗。 Is there iniquity in my tongue? cannot my taste discern perverse things?\nJob 7 7:1 人在世上岂无争战吗。他的日子不像雇工人的日子吗。 Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not his days also like the days of an hireling? 7:2 像奴仆切慕黑影，像雇工人盼望工价。 As a servant earnestly desireth the shadow, and as an hireling looketh for the reward of his work: 7:3 我也照样经过困苦的日月，夜间的疲乏为我而定。 So am I made to possess months of vanity, and wearisome nights are appointed to me. 7:4 我躺卧的时候便说，我何时起来，黑夜就过去呢。我尽是反来 覆去，直到天亮。 When I lie down, I say, When shall I arise, and the night be gone? and I am full of tossings to and fro unto the dawning of the day. 7:5 我的肉体以虫子和尘土为衣。我的皮肤才收了口又重新破裂。 My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust; my skin is broken, and become loathsome. 7:6 我的日子比梭更快，都消耗在无指望之中。 My days are swifter than a weaver\u0026rsquo;s shuttle, and are spent without hope. 7:7 求你想念我，我的生命不过是一口气。我的眼睛必不再见福 乐。 O remember that my life is wind: mine eye shall no more see good. 7:8 观看我的人，他的眼必不再见我。你的眼目要看我，我却不在 了。 The eye of him that hath seen me shall see me no more: thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. 7:9 云彩消散而过。照样，人下阴间也不再上来。 As the cloud is consumed and vanisheth away: so he that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more. 7:10 他不再回自己的家，故土也不再认识他。 He shall return no more to his house, neither shall his place know him any more. 7:11 我不禁止我口。我灵愁苦，要发出言语。我心苦恼，要吐露哀 情。 Therefore I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. 7:12 我对神说，我岂是洋海，岂是大鱼，你竟防守我呢。 Am I a sea, or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me? 7:13 若说，我的床必安慰我，我的榻必解释我的苦情。 When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint; 7:14 你就用梦惊骇我，用异象恐吓我。 Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrifiest me through visions: 7:15 甚至我宁肯噎死，宁肯死亡，胜似留我这一身的骨头。 So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life. 7:16 我厌弃性命，不愿永活。你任凭我吧，因我的日子都是虚空。 I loathe it; I would not live alway: let me alone; for my days are vanity. 7:17 人算什么，你竟看他为大，将他放在心上， What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him? and that thou shouldest set thine heart upon him? 7:18 每早晨鉴察他，时刻试验他。 And that thou shouldest visit him every morning, and try him every moment? 7:19 你到何时才转眼不看我，才任凭我咽下唾沫呢。 How long wilt thou not depart from me, nor let me alone till I swallow down my spittle? 7:20 鉴察人的主阿，我若有罪，于你何妨。为何以我当你的箭靶 子，使我厌弃自己的性命。 I have sinned; what shall I do unto thee, O thou preserver of men? why hast thou set me as a mark against thee, so that I am a burden to myself? 7:21 为何不赦免我的过犯，除掉我的罪孽。我现今要躺卧在尘土 中。你要殷勤地寻梢我，我却不在了。 And why dost thou not pardon my transgression, and take away mine iniquity? for now shall I sleep in the dust; and thou shalt seek me in the morning, but I shall not be.\nJob 8:9-10 8:9 我们不过从昨日才有，一无所知。我们在世的日子好像影儿。 (For we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth are a shadow:) 8:10 他们岂不指教你，告诉你，从心里发出言语来呢。 Shall not they teach thee, and tell thee, and utter words out of their heart?\nJob 8:20-22 8:20 神必不丢弃完全人，也不扶助邪恶人。 Behold, God will not cast away a perfect man, neither will he help the evil doers: 8:21 他还要以喜乐充满你的口，以欢呼充满你的嘴。 Till he fill thy mouth with laughing, and thy lips with rejoicing. 8:22 恨恶你的要披戴惭愧。恶人的帐棚，必归无有。 They that hate thee shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought.\nJob 9 9:1 约伯回答说， Then Job answered and said, 9:2 我真知道是这样。但人在神面前怎能成为义呢。 I know it is so of a truth: but how should man be just with God? 9:3 若愿意与他争辩，千中之一也不能回答。 If he will contend with him, he cannot answer him one of a thousand. 9:4 他心里有智慧，且大有能力。谁向神刚硬而得亨通呢。 He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength: who hath hardened himself against him, and hath prospered? 9:5 他发怒，把山翻倒挪移，山并不知觉。 Which removeth the mountains, and they know not: which overturneth them in his anger. 9:6 他使地震动，离其本位，地的柱子就摇撼。 Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble. 9:7 他吩咐日头不出来，就不出来，又封闭众星。 Which commandeth the sun, and it riseth not; and sealeth up the stars. 9:8 他独自铺张苍天，步行在海浪之上。 Which alone spreadeth out the heavens, and treadeth upon the waves of the sea. 9:9 他造北斗，叁星，昴星，并南方的密宫。 Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south. 9:10 他行大事，不可测度，行奇事，不可胜数。 Which doeth great things past finding out; yea, and wonders without number. 9:11 他从我旁边经过，我却不看见。他在我面前行走，我倒不知 觉。 Lo, he goeth by me, and I see him not: he passeth on also, but I perceive him not. 9:12 他夺取，谁能阻挡。谁敢问他，你做什么。 Behold, he taketh away, who can hinder him? who will say unto him, What doest thou? 9:13 神必不收回他的怒气。扶助拉哈伯的，屈身在他以下。 If God will not withdraw his anger, the proud helpers do stoop under him. 9:14 既是这样，我怎敢回答他，怎敢选择言语与他辩论呢。 How much less shall I answer him, and choose out my words to reason with him? 9:15 我虽有义，也不回答他。只要向那审判我的恳求。 Whom, though I were righteous, yet would I not answer, but I would make supplication to my judge. 9:16 我若呼吁，他应允我。我仍不信他真听我的声音。 If I had called, and he had answered me; yet would I not believe that he had hearkened unto my voice. 9:17 他用暴风折断我，无故地加增我的损伤。 For he breaketh me with a tempest, and multiplieth my wounds without cause. 9:18 我就是喘一口气，他都不容，倒使我满心苦恼。 He will not suffer me to take my breath, but filleth me with bitterness. 9:19 若论力量，他真有能力。若论审判，他说谁能将我传来呢。 If I speak of strength, lo, he is strong: and if of judgment, who shall set me a time to plead? 9:20 我虽有义，自己的口要定我为有罪。我虽完全，我口必显我为 弯曲。 If I justify myself, mine own mouth shall condemn me: if I say, I am perfect, it shall also prove me perverse. 9:21 我本完全，不顾自己。我厌恶我的性命。 Though I were perfect, yet would I not know my soul: I would despise my life. 9:22 善恶无分，都是一样。所以我说，完全人和恶人，他都灭绝。 This is one thing, therefore I said it, He destroyeth the perfect and the wicked. 9:23 若忽然遭杀害之祸，他必戏笑无辜的人遇难。 If the scourge slay suddenly, he will laugh at the trial of the innocent. 9:24 世界交在恶人手中。蒙蔽世界审判官的脸，若不是他，是谁 呢。 The earth is given into the hand of the wicked: he covereth the faces of the judges thereof; if not, where, and who is he? 9:25 我的日子比跑信的更快，急速过去，不见福乐。 Now my days are swifter than a post: they flee away, they see no good. 9:26 我的日子过去如快船，如急落抓食的鹰。 They are passed away as the swift ships: as the eagle that hasteth to the prey. 9:27 我若说，我要忘记我的哀情，除去我的愁容，心中畅快。 If I say, I will forget my complaint, I will leave off my heaviness, and comfort myself: 9:28 我因愁苦而惧怕，知道你必不以我为无辜。 I am afraid of all my sorrows, I know that thou wilt not hold me innocent. 9:29 我必被你定为有罪，我何必徒然劳苦呢。 If I be wicked, why then labour I in vain? 9:30 我若用雪水洗身，用硷洁净我的手。 If I wash myself with snow water, and make my hands never so clean; 9:31 你还要扔我在坑里，我的衣服都憎恶我。 Yet shalt thou plunge me in the ditch, and mine own clothes shall abhor me. 9:32 他本不像我是人，使我可以回答他，又使我们可以同听审判。 For he is not a man, as I am, that I should answer him, and we should come together in judgment. 9:33 我们中间没有听讼的人，可以向我们两造按手。 Neither is there any daysman betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon us both. 9:34 愿他把杖离开我，不使惊惶威吓我。 Let him take his rod away from me, and let not his fear terrify me: 9:35 我就说话，也不惧怕他，现在我却不是那样。 Then would I speak, and not fear him; but it is not so with me.\nJob 12 12:1 约伯回答说， And Job answered and said, 12:2 你们真是子民哪，你们死亡，智慧也就灭没了。 No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. 12:3 但我也有聪明，与你们一样，并非不及你们。你们所说的，谁 不知道呢。 But I have understanding as well as you; I am not inferior to you: yea, who knoweth not such things as these? 12:4 我这求告神，蒙他应允的人，竟成了朋友所讥笑的。公义完全 人，竟受了人的讥笑。 I am as one mocked of his neighbour, who calleth upon God, and he answereth him: the just upright man is laughed to scorn. 12:5 安逸的人，心里藐视灾祸。这灾祸常常等待滑脚的人。 He that is ready to slip with his feet is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that is at ease. 12:6 强盗的帐棚兴旺，惹神的人稳固，神多将财物送到他们手中。 The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are secure; into whose hand God bringeth abundantly. 12:7 你且问走兽，走兽必指教你。又问空中的飞鸟，飞鸟必告诉 你。 But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach thee; and the fowls of the air, and they shall tell thee: 12:8 或与地说话，地必指教你。海中的鱼也必向你说明。 Or speak to the earth, and it shall teach thee: and the fishes of the sea shall declare unto thee. 12:9 看这一切，谁不知道是耶和华的手做成的呢。 Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of the LORD hath wrought this? 12:10 凡活物的生命，和人类的气息，都在他手中。 In whose hand is the soul of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind. 12:11 耳朵岂不试验言语，正如上膛尝食物吗。 Doth not the ear try words? and the mouth taste his meat? 12:12 年老的有智慧，寿高的有知识。 With the ancient is wisdom; and in length of days understanding. 12:13 在神有智慧和能力，他有谋略和知识。 With him is wisdom and strength, he hath counsel and understanding. 12:14 他拆毁的，就不能再建造。他捆住人，便不得开释。 Behold, he breaketh down, and it cannot be built again: he shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening. 12:15 他把水留住，水便枯乾。他再发出水来，水就翻地。 Behold, he withholdeth the waters, and they dry up: also he sendeth them out, and they overturn the earth. 12:16 在他有能力和智慧。被诱惑的，与诱惑人的，都是属他。 With him is strength and wisdom: the deceived and the deceiver are his. 12:17 他把谋士剥衣掳去，又使审判官变成愚人。 He leadeth counsellors away spoiled, and maketh the judges fools. 12:18 他放松君王的绑，又用带子捆他们的腰。 He looseth the bond of kings, and girdeth their loins with a girdle. 12:19 他把祭司剥衣掳去，又使有能的人倾败。 He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty. 12:20 他废去忠信人的讲论，又夺去老人的聪明。 He removeth away the speech of the trusty, and taketh away the understanding of the aged. 12:21 他使君王蒙羞被辱，放松有力之人的腰带。 He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the mighty. 12:22 他将深奥的事从黑暗中彰显，使死荫显为光明。 He discovereth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow of death. 12:23 他使邦国兴旺而又毁灭，他使邦国开广而又掳去。 He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again. 12:24 他将地上民中首领的聪明夺去，使他们在荒废无路之地漂 流。 He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth, and causeth them to wander in a wilderness where there is no way. 12:25 他们无光，在黑暗中摸索，又使他们东倒西歪，像醉酒的人 一样。 They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man.\nJob 13 13:1 这一切，我眼都见过。我耳都听过，而且明白。 Lo, mine eye hath seen all this, mine ear hath heard and understood it. 13:2 你们所知道的，我也知道，并非不及你们。 What ye know, the same do I know also: I am not inferior unto you. 13:3 我真要对全能者说话。我愿与神理论。 Surely I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God. 13:4 你们是编造谎言的，都是无用的医生。 But ye are forgers of lies, ye are all physicians of no value. 13:5 惟愿你们全然不作声。这就算为你们的智慧。 O that ye would altogether hold your peace! and it should be your wisdom. 13:6 请你们听我的辩论，留心听我口中的分诉。 Hear now my reasoning, and hearken to the pleadings of my lips. 13:7 你们要为神说不义的话吗，为他说诡诈的言语吗。 Will ye speak wickedly for God? and talk deceitfully for him? 13:8 你们要为神徇情吗，要为他争论吗。 Will ye accept his person? will ye contend for God? 13:9 他查出你们来，这岂是好吗。人欺哄人，你们也要照样欺哄他 吗。 Is it good that he should search you out? or as one man mocketh another, do ye so mock him? 13:10 你们若暗中徇情，他必要责备你们。 He will surely reprove you, if ye do secretly accept persons. 13:11 他的尊荣岂不叫你们惧怕吗。他的惊吓岂不临到你们吗。 Shall not his excellency make you afraid? and his dread fall upon you? 13:12 你们以为可记念的箴言是炉灰的箴言。你们以为可靠的坚垒 是淤泥的坚垒。 Your remembrances are like unto ashes, your bodies to bodies of clay. 13:13 你们不要作声，任凭我吧。让我说话，无论如何我都承当。 Hold your peace, let me alone, that I may speak, and let come on me what will. 13:14 我何必把我的肉挂在牙上，将我的命放在手中。 Wherefore do I take my flesh in my teeth, and put my life in mine hand? 13:15 他必杀我。我虽无指望，然而我在他面前还要辩明我所行 的。 Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him. 13:16 这要成为我的拯救，因为不虔诚的人，不得到他面前。 He also shall be my salvation: for an hypocrite shall not come before him. 13:17 你们要细听我的言语，使我所辩论的入你们的耳中。 Hear diligently my speech, and my declaration with your ears. 13:18 我已陈明我的案，知道自己有义。 Behold now, I have ordered my cause; I know that I shall be justified. 13:19 有谁与我争论，我就情愿缄默不言，气绝而亡。 Who is he that will plead with me? for now, if I hold my tongue, I shall give up the ghost. 13:20 惟有两件不要向我施行，我就不躲开你的面。 Only do not two things unto me: then will I not hide myself from thee. 13:21 就是把你的手缩回，远离我身。又不使你的惊惶威吓我。 Withdraw thine hand far from me: and let not thy dread make me afraid. 13:22 这样，你呼叫，我就回答。或是让我说话，你回答我。 Then call thou, and I will answer: or let me speak, and answer thou me. 13:23 我的罪孽和罪过有多少呢。求你叫我知道我的过犯与罪愆。 How many are mine iniquities and sins? make me to know my transgression and my sin. 13:24 你为何掩面，拿我当仇敌呢。 Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and holdest me for thine enemy? 13:25 你要惊动被风吹的叶子吗。要追赶枯乾的碎秸吗。 Wilt thou break a leaf driven to and fro? and wilt thou pursue the dry stubble? 13:26 你按罪状刑罚我，又使我担当幼年的罪孽。 For thou writest bitter things against me, and makest me to possess the iniquities of my youth. 13:27 也把我的脚上了木狗，并窥察我一切的道路，为我的脚掌划 定界限。 Thou puttest my feet also in the stocks, and lookest narrowly unto all my paths; thou settest a print upon the heels of my feet. 13:28 我已经像灭绝的烂物，像虫蛀的衣裳。 And he, as a rotten thing, consumeth, as a garment that is moth eaten.\nJob 15 15:1 毯螅人以利法回答说， Then answered Eliphaz the Temanite, and said, 15:2 智慧人岂可用虚空的知识回答，用东风充满肚腹呢。 Should a wise man utter vain knowledge, and fill his belly with the east wind? 15:3 他岂可用无益的话，和无济于事的言语，理论呢。 Should he reason with unprofitable talk? or with speeches wherewith he can do no good? 15:4 你是废弃敬畏的意，在神面前阻止敬虔的心。 Yea, thou castest off fear, and restrainest prayer before God. 15:5 你的罪孽指教你的口。你选用诡诈人的舌头。 For thy mouth uttereth thine iniquity, and thou choosest the tongue of the crafty. 15:6 你自己的口定你有罪，并非是我。你自己的嘴，见证你的不 是。 Thine own mouth condemneth thee, and not I: yea, thine own lips testify against thee. 15:7 你岂是头一个被生的人吗。你受造在诸山之先吗。 Art thou the first man that was born? or wast thou made before the hills? 15:8 你曾听见神的密旨吗。你还将智慧独自得尽吗。 Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself? 15:9 你知道什么是我们不知道的呢。你明白什么是我们不明白的 呢。 What knowest thou, that we know not? what understandest thou, which is not in us? 15:10 我们这里有白发的，和年纪老迈的，比你父亲还老。 With us are both the grayheaded and very aged men, much elder than thy father. 15:11 神用温和的话安慰你，你以为太小吗。 Are the consolations of God small with thee? is there any secret thing with thee? 15:12 你的心为何将你逼去。你的眼为何冒出火星。 Why doth thine heart carry thee away? and what do thy eyes wink at, 15:13 使你的灵反对神，也任你的口发这言语。 That thou turnest thy spirit against God, and lettest such words go out of thy mouth? 15:14 人是什么，竟算为洁净呢。妇人所生的是什么，竟算为义 呢。 What is man, that he should be clean? and he which is born of a woman, that he should be righteous? 15:15 神不信靠他的众圣者。在他眼前，天也不洁净。 Behold, he putteth no trust in his saints; yea, the heavens are not clean in his sight. 15:16 何况那污秽可憎，喝罪孽如水的世人呢。 How much more abominable and filthy is man, which drinketh iniquity like water? 15:17 我指示你，你要听。我要述说所看见的。 I will shew thee, hear me; and that which I have seen I will declare; 15:18 就是智慧人从列祖所受，传说而不隐瞒的。 Which wise men have told from their fathers, and have not hid it: 15:19 （这地惟独赐给他们，并没有外人从他们中间经过）。 Unto whom alone the earth was given, and no stranger passed among them. 15:20 恶人一生之日劬劳痛苦，强暴人一生的年数也是如此。 The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor. 15:21 惊吓的声音常在他耳中。在平安时，抢夺的必临到他那里。 A dreadful sound is in his ears: in prosperity the destroyer shall come upon him. 15:22 他不信自己能从黑暗中转回，他被刀剑等候。 He believeth not that he shall return out of darkness, and he is waited for of the sword. 15:23 他漂流在外求食，说，那里有食物呢。他知道黑暗的日子， 在他手边预备好了。 He wandereth abroad for bread, saying, Where is it? he knoweth that the day of darkness is ready at his hand. 15:24 急难困苦叫他害怕，而且胜了他，好像君王预备上阵一样。 Trouble and anguish shall make him afraid; they shall prevail against him, as a king ready to the battle. 15:25 他伸手攻击神，以骄傲攻击全能者。 For he stretcheth out his hand against God, and strengtheneth himself against the Almighty. 15:26 挺着颈项，用盾牌的厚凸面，向全能者直闯。 He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers: 15:27 是因他的脸蒙上脂油，腰积成肥肉。 Because he covereth his face with his fatness, and maketh collops of fat on his flanks. 15:28 他曾住在荒凉城邑，无人居住，将成乱堆的房屋。 And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps. 15:29 他不得富足，财物不得常存，产业在地上也不加增。 He shall not be rich, neither shall his substance continue, neither shall he prolong the perfection thereof upon the earth. 15:30 他不得出离黑暗。火焰要将他的枝子烧乾。因神口中的气， 他要灭亡（灭亡原文作走去）。 He shall not depart out of darkness; the flame shall dry up his branches, and by the breath of his mouth shall he go away. 15:31 他不用倚靠虚假欺哄自己，因虚假必成为他的报应。 Let not him that is deceived trust in vanity: for vanity shall be his recompence. 15:32 他的日期未到之先，这事必成就。他的枝子不得青绿。 It shall be accomplished before his time, and his branch shall not be green. 15:33 他必像葡萄树的葡萄，未熟而落。又像橄榄树的花，一开而 谢。 He shall shake off his unripe grape as the vine, and shall cast off his flower as the olive. 15:34 原来不敬虔之辈必无生育。受贿赂之人的帐棚必被火烧。 For the congregation of hypocrites shall be desolate, and fire shall consume the tabernacles of bribery. 15:35 他们所怀的是毒害，所生的是罪孽，心里所豫备的是诡诈。 They conceive mischief, and bring forth vanity, and their belly prepareth deceit.\nJob 16:2 - 4 16:2 这样的话我听了许多。你们安慰人，反叫人愁烦。 I have heard many such things: miserable comforters are ye all. 16:3 虚空的言语有穷尽吗。有什么话惹动你回答呢。 Shall vain words have an end? or what emboldeneth thee that thou answerest? 16:4 我也能说你们那样的话。你们若处在我的境遇，我也会联络言 语攻击你们，又能向你们摇头。 I also could speak as ye do: if your soul were in my soul\u0026rsquo;s stead, I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head at you.\nJob 17:1 - 4 17:1 我的心灵消耗，我的日子灭尽。坟墓为我预备好了。 My breath is corrupt, my days are extinct, the graves are ready for me. 17:2 真有戏笑我的在我这里，我眼常见他们惹动我。 Are there not mockers with me? and doth not mine eye continue in their provocation? 17:3 愿主拿凭据给我，自己为我作保。在你以外谁肯与我击掌呢。 Lay down now, put me in a surety with thee; who is he that will strike hands with me? 17:4 因你使他们心不明理，所以你必不高举他们。 For thou hast hid their heart from understanding: therefore shalt thou not exalt them.\nJob 21:27 - 34 21:27 我知道你们的意思，并诬害我的计谋。 Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me. 21:28 你们说，霸者的房屋在那里。恶人住过的帐棚在那里。 For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the dwelling places of the wicked? 21:29 你们岂没有询问过路的人吗。不知道他们所引的证据吗。 Have ye not asked them that go by the way? and do ye not know their tokens, 21:30 就是恶人在祸患的日子得存留，在发怒的日子得逃脱。 That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the day of wrath. 21:31 他所行的，有谁当面给他说明。他所做的，有谁报应他呢。 Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him what he hath done? 21:32 然而他要被抬到茔地，并有人看守坟墓。 Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and shall remain in the tomb. 21:33 他要以谷中的土块为甘甜，在他以先去的无数，在他以后去 的更多。 The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, and every man shall draw after him, as there are innumerable before him. 21:34 你们对答的话中既都错谬，怎吗徒然安慰我呢。 How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?\nJob 24:1-17 24:1 全能者既定期罚恶，为何不使认识他的人看见那日子呢。 Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty, do they that know him not see his days? 24:2 有人挪移地界，抢夺群畜而牧养。 Some remove the landmarks; they violently take away flocks, and feed thereof. 24:3 他们拉去孤儿的驴，强取寡妇的牛为当头。 They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow\u0026rsquo;s ox for a pledge. 24:4 他们使穷人离开正道，世上的贫民尽都隐藏。 They turn the needy out of the way: the poor of the earth hide themselves together. 24:5 这些贫穷人，如同野驴出到旷野，殷勤寻梢食物。他们靠着野 地给儿女糊口， Behold, as wild asses in the desert, go they forth to their work; rising betimes for a prey: the wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. 24:6 收割别人田间的禾稼，摘取恶人馀剩的葡萄。 They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the vintage of the wicked. 24:7 终夜赤身无衣，天气寒冷毫无遮盖， They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no covering in the cold. 24:8 在山上被大雨淋湿，因没有避身之处就挨近磐石。 They are wet with the showers of the mountains, and embrace the rock for want of a shelter. 24:9 又有人从母怀中抢夺孤儿，强取穷人的衣服为当头。 They pluck the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge of the poor. 24:10 使人赤身无衣，到处流行，且因饥饿扛抬禾捆， They cause him to go naked without clothing, and they take away the sheaf from the hungry; 24:11 在那些人的围墙内造油，榨酒，自己还口渴。 Which make oil within their walls, and tread their winepresses, and suffer thirst. 24:12 在多民的城内有人唉哼，受伤的人哀号。神却不理会（那恶 人的愚妄。 Men groan from out of the city, and the soul of the wounded crieth out: yet God layeth not folly to them. 24:13 又有人背弃光明，不认识光明的道，不住在光明的路上。 They are of those that rebel against the light; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof. 24:14 杀人的黎明起来，杀害困苦穷乏人，夜间又作盗贼。 The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor and needy, and in the night is as a thief. 24:15 奸夫等候黄昏，说，必无眼能见我，就把脸蒙蔽。 The eye also of the adulterer waiteth for the twilight, saying, No eye shall see me: and disguiseth his face. 24:16 盗贼黑夜挖窟窿，白日躲藏，并不认识光明。 In the dark they dig through houses, which they had marked for themselves in the daytime: they know not the light. 24:17 他们看早晨如幽暗，因为他们晓得幽暗的惊骇。 For the morning is to them even as the shadow of death: if one know them, they are in the terrors of the shadow of death.\nJob 28 28:1 银子有矿，炼金有方。 Surely there is a vein for the silver, and a place for gold where they fine it. 28:2 铁从地里挖出，铜从石中熔化。 Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is molten out of the stone. 28:3 人为黑暗定界限，查究幽暗阴翳的石头，直到极处。 He setteth an end to darkness, and searcheth out all perfection: the stones of darkness, and the shadow of death. 28:4 在无人居住之处刨开矿穴，过路的人也想不到他们。又与人远 离，悬在空中摇来摇去。 The flood breaketh out from the inhabitant; even the waters forgotten of the foot: they are dried up, they are gone away from men. 28:5 至于地，能出粮食，地内好像被火翻起来。 As for the earth, out of it cometh bread: and under it is turned up as it were fire. 28:6 地中的石头有蓝宝石，并有金沙。 The stones of it are the place of sapphires: and it hath dust of gold. 28:7 矿中的路鸷鸟不得知道，鹰眼也未见过。 There is a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the vulture\u0026rsquo;s eye hath not seen: 28:8 狂傲的野兽未曾行过。猛烈的狮子也未曾经过。 The lion\u0026rsquo;s whelps have not trodden it, nor the fierce lion passed by it. 28:9 人伸手凿开坚石，倾倒山根。 He putteth forth his hand upon the rock; he overturneth the mountains by the roots. 28:10 在磐石中凿出水道，亲眼看见各样宝物。 He cutteth out rivers among the rocks; and his eye seeth every precious thing. 28:11 他封闭水不得滴流，使隐藏的物显露出来。 He bindeth the floods from overflowing; and the thing that is hid bringeth he forth to light. 28:12 然而，智慧有何处可寻。聪明之处在那里呢。 But where shall wisdom be found? and where is the place of understanding? 28:13 智慧的价值无人能知，在活人之地也无处可寻。 Man knoweth not the price thereof; neither is it found in the land of the living. 28:14 深渊说，不在我内。沧海说，不在我中。 The depth saith, It is not in me: and the sea saith, It is not with me. 28:15 智慧非用黄金可得，也不能平白银为它的价值。 It cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed for the price thereof. 28:16 俄斐金，和贵重的红玛瑙，并蓝宝石，不足与较量。 It cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir, with the precious onyx, or the sapphire. 28:17 黄金，和玻璃，不足与比较。精金的器皿，不足与兑换。 The gold and the crystal cannot equal it: and the exchange of it shall not be for jewels of fine gold. 28:18 珊瑚，水晶都不足论。智慧的价值胜过珍珠（或作红宝 石）。 No mention shall be made of coral, or of pearls: for the price of wisdom is above rubies. 28:19 古实的红璧玺，不足与比较。精金，也不足与较量。 The topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it, neither shall it be valued with pure gold. 28:20 智慧从何处来呢。聪明之处在那里呢。 Whence then cometh wisdom? and where is the place of understanding? 28:21 是向一切有生命的眼目隐藏，向空中的飞鸟掩蔽。 Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air. 28:22 灭没和死亡说，我们风闻其名。 Destruction and death say, We have heard the fame thereof with our ears. 28:23 神明白智慧的道路，晓得智慧的所在。 God understandeth the way thereof, and he knoweth the place thereof. 28:24 因他鉴察直到地极，遍观普天之下。 For he looketh to the ends of the earth, and seeth under the whole heaven; 28:25 要为风定轻重，又度量诸水。 To make the weight for the winds; and he weigheth the waters by measure. 28:26 他为雨露定命令，为雷电定道路。 When he made a decree for the rain, and a way for the lightning of the thunder: 28:27 那时他看见智慧，而且述说。他坚定，并且查究。 Then did he see it, and declare it; he prepared it, yea, and searched it out. 28:28 他对人说，敬畏主就是智慧。远离恶便是聪明。 And unto man he said, Behold, the fear of the LORD, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding.\nJob 29:14-20 29:14 我以公义为衣服，以公平为外袍和冠冕。 I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment was as a robe and a diadem. 29:15 我为瞎子的眼，瘸子的脚。 I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame. 29:16 我为穷乏人的父，素不认识的人，我查明他的案件。 I was a father to the poor: and the cause which I knew not I searched out. 29:17 我打破不义之人的牙床，从他牙齿中夺了所抢的。 And I brake the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the spoil out of his teeth. 29:18 我便说，我必死在家中（原文作窝中），必增添我的日子， 多如尘沙。 Then I said, I shall die in my nest, and I shall multiply my days as the sand. 29:19 我的根长到水边，露水终夜沾在我的枝上。 My root was spread out by the waters, and the dew lay all night upon my branch. 29:20 我的荣耀在身上增新，我的弓在手中日强。 My glory was fresh in me, and my bow was renewed in my hand.\nJob 38:36-37 38:36 谁将智慧放在怀中。谁将聪明赐于心内。 Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart? 38:37 谁能用智慧数算云彩呢。尘土聚集成团，土块紧紧结连。 Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,\nJob 40:1-5 40:1 耶和华又对约伯说， Moreover the LORD answered Job, and said, 40:2 强辩的岂可与全能者争论吗。与神辩驳的可以回答这些吧。 Shall he that contendeth with the Almighty instruct him? he that reproveth God, let him answer it. 40:3 于是，约伯回答耶和华说， Then Job answered the LORD, and said, 40:4 我是卑贱的。我用什么回答你呢。只好用手捂口。 Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee? I will lay mine hand upon my mouth. 40:5 我说了一次，再不回答。说了两次，就不再说。 Once have I spoken; but I will not answer: yea, twice; but I will proceed no further.\nPsalms Psalms 1:1-6 1:1 不从恶人的计谋，不站罪人的道路，不坐亵慢人的座位。 Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. 1:2 惟喜爱耶和华的律法，昼夜思想，这人便为有福。 But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night. 1:3 他要像一棵树栽在溪水旁，按时候结果子，叶子也不枯乾。凡 他所作的，尽都顺利。 And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. 1:4 恶人并不是这样，乃像糠毗被风吹散。 The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away. 1:5 因此当审判的时候，恶人必站立不住，罪人在义人的会中，也 是如此。 Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous. 1:6 因为耶和华知道义人的道路。恶人的道路，却必灭亡。 For the LORD knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish.\nPsalms 25:1-22 25:1 耶和华阿，我的心仰望你。 Unto thee, O LORD, do I lift up my soul. 25:2 我的神阿，我素来倚靠你。求你不要叫我羞愧。不要叫我的仇 敌向我夸胜。 O my God, I trust in thee: let me not be ashamed, let not mine enemies triumph over me. 25:3 凡等候你的必不羞愧。惟有那无故行奸诈的，必要羞愧。 Yea, let none that wait on thee be ashamed: let them be ashamed which transgress without cause. 25:4 耶和华阿，求你将你的道指示我，将你的路教训我。 Shew me thy ways, O LORD; teach me thy paths. 25:5 求你以你的真理引导我，教训我。因为你是救我的神。我终日 等候你。 Lead me in thy truth, and teach me: for thou art the God of my salvation; on thee do I wait all the day. 25:6 耶和华阿，求你记念你的怜悯和慈爱。因为这是亘古以来所常 有的。 Remember, O LORD, thy tender mercies and thy lovingkindnesses; for they have been ever of old. 25:7 求你不要记念我幼年的罪愆，和我的过犯。耶和华阿，求你因 你的恩惠，按你的慈爱记念我。 Remember not the sins of my youth, nor my transgressions: according to thy mercy remember thou me for thy goodness\u0026rsquo; sake, O LORD. 25:8 耶和华是良善正直的。所以他必指示罪人走正路。 Good and upright is the LORD: therefore will he teach sinners in the way. 25:9 他必按公平引领谦卑人，将他的道教训他们。 The meek will he guide in judgment: and the meek will he teach his way. 25:10 凡遵守他的约和他法度的人，耶和华都以慈爱诚实待他。 All the paths of the LORD are mercy and truth unto such as keep his covenant and his testimonies. 25:11 耶和华阿，求你因你的名赦免我的罪，因为我的罪重大。 For thy name\u0026rsquo;s sake, O LORD, pardon mine iniquity; for it is great. 25:12 谁敬畏耶和华，耶和华必指示他当选择的道路。 What man is he that feareth the LORD? him shall he teach in the way that he shall choose. 25:13 他必安然居住。他的后裔必承受地土。 His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth. 25:14 耶和华与敬畏他的人亲密。他必将自己的约指示他们。 The secret of the LORD is with them that fear him; and he will shew them his covenant. 25:15 我的眼目时常仰望耶和华。因为他必将我的脚从网里拉出 来。 Mine eyes are ever toward the LORD; for he shall pluck my feet out of the net. 25:16 求你转向我，怜恤我，因为我是孤独困苦。 Turn thee unto me, and have mercy upon me; for I am desolate and afflicted. 25:17 我心里的愁苦甚多。求你救我脱离我的祸患。 The troubles of my heart are enlarged: O bring thou me out of my distresses. 25:18 求你看顾我的困苦，我的艰难，赦免我一切的罪。 Look upon mine affliction and my pain; and forgive all my sins. 25:19 求你察看我的仇敌，因为他们人多。并且痛痛的恨我。 Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred. 25:20 求你保护我的性命，搭救我，使我不至羞愧，因为我投靠 你。 O keep my soul, and deliver me: let me not be ashamed; for I put my trust in thee. 25:21 愿纯全正直保守我，因为我等候你。 Let integrity and uprightness preserve me; for I wait on thee. 25:22 神阿，求你救赎以色列脱离他一切的愁苦。 Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.\nPsalm 26:1-12 26:1 耶和华阿，求你为我伸冤，因我向来行事纯全，我又倚靠耶和 华并不摇动。 Judge me, O LORD; for I have walked in mine integrity: I have trusted also in the LORD; therefore I shall not slide. 26:2 耶和华阿，求你察看我，试验我，熬炼我的肺腑心肠。 Examine me, O LORD, and prove me; try my reins and my heart. 26:3 因为你的慈爱常在我眼前。我也按你的真理而行。 For thy lovingkindness is before mine eyes: and I have walked in thy truth. 26:4 我没有和虚谎人同坐。也不与瞒哄人同群。 I have not sat with vain persons, neither will I go in with dissemblers. 26:5 我恨恶恶人的会，必不与恶人同坐。 I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked. 26:6 耶和华阿，我要洗手表明无辜，才环绕你的祭坛。 I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD: 26:7 我好发称谢的声音。也要述说你一切奇妙的作为。 That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. 26:8 耶和华阿，我喜爱你所住的殿，和你显荣耀的居所。 LORD, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth. 26:9 不要把我的灵魂和罪人一同除掉，不要把我的性命和流人血的 一同除掉。 Gather not my soul with sinners, nor my life with bloody men: 26:10 他们的手中有奸恶，右手满有贿赂。 In whose hands is mischief, and their right hand is full of bribes. 26:11 至于我，却要行事纯全。求你救赎我，怜恤我。 But as for me, I will walk in mine integrity: redeem me, and be merciful unto me. 26:12 我的脚站在平坦地方。在众会中我要称颂耶和华。 My foot standeth in an even place: in the congregations will I bless the LORD.\nPsalm 49:1-20 Why should I fear in times of trouble? 49:1 （可拉后裔的诗，交与伶长）万民哪，你们都当听这话，世上 一切的居民， Hear this, all ye people; give ear, all ye inhabitants of the world: 49:2 无论上流下流，富足贫穷，都当留心听。 Both low and high, rich and poor, together. 49:3 我口要说智慧的言语。我必要想通达的道理。 My mouth shall speak of wisdom; and the meditation of my heart shall be of understanding. 49:4 我要侧耳听比喻，用琴解谜语。 I will incline mine ear to a parable: I will open my dark saying upon the harp. 49:5 在患难的日子，奸恶随我脚跟，四面环绕我，我何必惧怕。 Wherefore should I fear in the days of evil, when the iniquity of my heels shall compass me about? 49:6 那些倚仗财货自夸钱财多的人， They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches; 49:7 一个也无法赎自己的弟兄，也不能替他将赎价给神， None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him: 49:8 叫他长远活着，不见朽坏。 (For the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceaseth for ever:) 49:9 因为赎他生命的价值极贵，只可永远吧休。 That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. 49:10 他必见智慧人死。又见愚顽人和畜类人，一同灭亡，将他们 的财货留给别人。 For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. 49:11 他们心里思想，他们的家室必永存，住宅必留到万代。他们 以自己的名，称自己的地。 Their inward thought is, that their houses shall continue for ever, and their dwelling places to all generations; they call their lands after their own names. 49:12 但人居尊贵中不能长久，如同死亡的畜类一样。 Nevertheless man being in honour abideth not: he is like the beasts that perish. 49:13 他们行的这道，本为自己的愚昧。但他们以后的人，还佩服 他们的话语。（细拉）。 This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their sayings. Selah. 49:14 他们如同羊群派定下阴间。死亡必作他们的牧者。到了早 晨，正直人必管辖他们。他们的美容，必被阴间所灭，以致无处可存。 Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling. 49:15 只是神必救赎我的灵魂，脱离阴间的权柄，因他必收纳我。 （细拉） But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for he shall receive me. Selah. 49:16 见人发财家室增荣的时候，你不要惧怕。 Be not thou afraid when one is made rich, when the glory of his house is increased; 49:17 因为他死的时候，什么也不能带去。他的荣耀不能随他下 去。 For when he dieth he shall carry nothing away: his glory shall not descend after him. 49:18 他活着的时候，虽然自夸为有福，（你若利己，人必夸奖 你）。 Though while he lived he blessed his soul: and men will praise thee, when thou doest well to thyself. 49:19 他仍必归到他历代的祖宗那里，永不见光。 He shall go to the generation of his fathers; they shall never see light. 49:20 人在尊贵中，而不醒悟，就如死亡的畜类一样。 Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that perish.\nPsalm 50:19-21 50:19 你口任说恶言，你舌编造诡诈。 Thou givest thy mouth to evil, and thy tongue frameth deceit. 50:20 你坐着毁谤你的兄弟，谗毁你亲母的儿子。 Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; thou slanderest thine own mother\u0026rsquo;s son. 50:21 你行了这些事，我还闭口不言。你想我恰和你一样。其实我 要责备你，将这些事摆在你眼前。 These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and set them in order before thine eyes.\nPsalm 52:1-9 The steadfast love of god endures 52:1 （以东人多益来告诉扫罗说，大卫到了亚希米勒家。那时，大 卫作这训诲诗交与伶长）勇士们阿，你为何以作恶自夸。神的慈爱是常 存的。 Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man? the goodness of God endureth continually. 52:2 你的舌头邪恶诡诈，好像剃头刀，快利伤人。 Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully. 52:3 你爱恶胜似爱善，又爱说谎，不爱说公义。（细拉） Thou lovest evil more than good; and lying rather than to speak righteousness. Selah. 52:4 诡诈的舌头阿，你爱说一切毁灭的话。 Thou lovest all devouring words, O thou deceitful tongue. 52:5 神也要毁灭你，直到永远。他要把你拿去，从你的帐棚中抽 出，从活人之地将你拔出。（细拉） God shall likewise destroy thee for ever, he shall take thee away, and pluck thee out of thy dwelling place, and root thee out of the land of the living. Selah. 52:6 义人要看见而惧怕，并要笑他。 The righteous also shall see, and fear, and shall laugh at him: 52:7 说，看哪，这就是那不以神为他力量的人。只倚仗他丰富的财 物，在邪恶上坚立自己。 Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength; but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in his wickedness. 52:8 至于我，就像神殿中的青橄榄树。我永永远远倚靠神的慈爱。 But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God: I trust in the mercy of God for ever and ever. 52:9 我要称谢你，直到永远，因为你行了这事。我也要在你圣民面 前仰望你的名。这名本为美好。 I will praise thee for ever, because thou hast done it: and I will wait on thy name; for it is good before thy saints.\nPsalm 53:1-6 There is None that does good 53:1 （大卫的训诲诗，交与伶长，调用麻哈拉）。愚顽的人心里 说，没有神。他们都是邪恶，行了可憎恶的罪孽。没有一个人行善。 The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are they, and have done abominable iniquity: there is none that doeth good. 53:2 神从天上垂看世人，要看有明白的没有，有寻求他的没有。 God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, that did seek God. 53:3 他们各人都退后，一同变为污秽。并没有行善的。连一个也没 有。 Every one of them is gone back: they are altogether become filthy; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. 53:4 作孽的没有知识吗。他们吞吃我的百姓如同吃饭一样。并不求 靠神。 Have the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread: they have not called upon God. 53:5 他们在无可惧怕之处，就大大害怕。因为神把那安营攻击你之 人的骨头散开了。你使他们蒙羞，因为神弃绝了他们。 There were they in great fear, where no fear was: for God hath scattered the bones of him that encampeth against thee: thou hast put them to shame, because God hath despised them. 53:6 但愿以色列的救恩从锡安而出。神救回他被掳的子民，那时， 雅各要快乐，以色列要欢喜。 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! When God bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad.\nPsalm 69:19-21 69:19 你知道我受的辱骂，欺凌，羞辱。我的敌人都在你面前。 Thou hast known my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonour: mine adversaries are all before thee. 69:20 辱骂伤破了我的心。我又满了忧愁。我指望有人体恤，却没 有一个。我指望有人安慰，却找不着一个。 Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none. 69:21 他们拿苦胆给我当食物。我渴了，他们拿醋给我喝。 They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.\nPsalm 101:1-8 101:1 （大卫的诗）我要歌唱慈爱和公平。耶和华阿，我要向你歌 颂。 I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto thee, O LORD, will I sing. 101:2 我要用智慧行完全的道。你几时到我这里来呢。我要存完全 的心，行在我家中。 I will behave myself wisely in a perfect way. O when wilt thou come unto me? I will walk within my house with a perfect heart. 101:3 邪僻的事，我都不摆在我眼前。悖逆人所做的事，我甚恨 恶，不容沾在我身上。 I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the work of them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to me. 101:4 弯曲的心思，我必远离。一切的恶人（或译恶事），我不认 识。 A froward heart shall depart from me: I will not know a wicked person. 101:5 在暗中谗谤他邻居的，我必将他灭绝。眼目高傲，心里骄纵 的，我必不容他。 Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I cut off: him that hath an high look and a proud heart will not I suffer. 101:6 我眼要看国中的诚实人，叫他们与我同住。行为完全的，他 要伺候我。 Mine eyes shall be upon the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me: he that walketh in a perfect way, he shall serve me. 101:7 行诡诈的，必不得住在我家里。说谎话的，必不得立在我眼 前。 He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house: he that telleth lies shall not tarry in my sight. 101:8 我每日早晨，要灭绝国中所有的恶人。好把一切作孽的，从 耶和华的城里剪除。 I will early destroy all the wicked of the land; that I may cut off all wicked doers from the city of the LORD.\nPSALM143:2 143:2 求你不要审问仆人。因为在你面前，凡活着的人，没有一个 是义的。 And enter not into judgment with thy servant: for in thy sight shall no man living be justified.\nProverbs Proverbs:1:1-7 1:1 以色列王大卫儿子所罗门的箴言。 The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel; 1:2 要使人晓得智慧和训诲。分辨通达的言语。 To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding; 1:3 使人处世，领受智慧，仁义，公平，正直的训诲。 To receive the instruction of wisdom, justice, and judgment, and equity; 1:4 使愚人灵明，使少年人有知识和谋略。 To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion. 1:5 使智慧人听见，增长学问。使聪明人得着智谋。 A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels: 1:6 使人明白箴言和譬喻，懂得智慧人的言词和谜语。 To understand a proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark sayings. 1:7 敬畏耶和华是知识的开端。愚妄人藐视智慧和训诲。 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.\nProverbs:1:18-19 1:18 这些人埋伏，是为自流己血。蹲伏是为自害己命。 And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for their own lives. 1:19 凡贪恋财利的，所行之路，都是如此。这贪恋之心，乃夺去得 财者之命。 So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners thereof.\nProverbs 1:22-33 1:22 说你们愚昧人喜爱愚昧，亵慢人喜欢亵慢，愚顽人恨恶知识， 要到几时呢。 How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge? 1:23 你们当因我的责备回转。我要将我的灵浇灌你们，将我的话指 示你们。 Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. 1:24 我呼唤你们不肯听从。我伸手，无人理会。 Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded; 1:25 反轻弃我一切的劝戒，不肯受我的责备。 But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof: 1:26 你们遭灾难，我就发笑惊恐临到你们，我必嗤笑。 I also will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh; 1:27 惊恐临到你们，好像狂风，灾难来到，如同暴风。急难痛苦临 到你们身上。 When your fear cometh as desolation, and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when distress and anguish cometh upon you. 1:28 那时，你们必呼求我，我却不答应，恳切的寻梢我，却寻不 见。 Then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer; they shall seek me early, but they shall not find me: 1:29 因为你们恨恶知识，不喜爱敬畏耶和华， For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD: 1:30 不听我的劝戒，藐视我一切的责备， They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof. 1:31 所以必吃自结的果子，充满自设的计谋。 Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices. 1:32 愚昧人背道，必杀己身，愚顽人安逸，必害己命。 For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them. 1:33 惟有听从我的，必安然居住，得享安静，不怕灾祸。 But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be quiet from fear of evil.\nProverbs 2:6-15 2:6 因为耶和华赐人智慧。知识和聪明，都由他口而出。 For the LORD giveth wisdom: out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding. 2:7 他给正直人存留真智慧，给行为纯正的人作盾牌。 He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous: he is a buckler to them that walk uprightly. 2:8 为要保守公平人的路，护庇虔敬人的道。 He keepeth the paths of judgment, and preserveth the way of his saints. 2:9 你也必明白仁义，公平，正直，一切的善道。 Then shalt thou understand righteousness, and judgment, and equity; yea, every good path. 2:10 智慧必入你心。你的灵要以知识为美。 When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy soul; 2:11 谋略必护卫你。聪明必保守你。 Discretion shall preserve thee, understanding shall keep thee: 2:12 要救你脱离恶道，（恶道或作恶人的道）脱离说乖谬话的人。 To deliver thee from the way of the evil man, from the man that speaketh froward things; 2:13 那等人舍弃正直的路，行走黑暗的道， Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness; 2:14 喜欢作恶，喜爱恶人的乖僻。 Who rejoice to do evil, and delight in the frowardness of the wicked; 2:15 在他们的道中弯曲，在他们的路上偏僻。 Whose ways are crooked, and they froward in their paths:\nProverbs 10:12 10:12 恨能挑启争端。爱能遮掩一切过错。 Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.\nProverbs 11:24 11:24 有施散的，却更增添。有吝惜过度的，反致穷乏。 There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty\nProverbs 15:18 15:18 暴怒的人，挑启争端。忍怒的人，止息分争。 A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife.\nProverbs 15:19-33 15:19 懒惰人的道，像荆棘的篱笆。正直人的路，是平坦的大道。 The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. 15:20 智慧子使父亲喜乐。愚昧人藐视母亲。 A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his mother. 15:21 无知的人，以愚妄为乐。聪明的人，按正直而行。 Folly is joy to him that is destitute of wisdom: but a man of understanding walketh uprightly. 15:22 不先商议，所谋无效。谋士众多，所谋乃成。 Without counsel purposes are disappointed: but in the multitude of counsellors they are established. 15:23 口善应对，自觉喜乐。话合其时，何等美好。 A man hath joy by the answer of his mouth: and a word spoken in due season, how good is it! 15:24 智慧人从生命的道上升，使他远离在下的阴间。 The way of life is above to the wise, that he may depart from hell beneath. 15:25 耶和华必拆毁骄傲人的家。却要立定寡妇的地界。 The LORD will destroy the house of the proud: but he will establish the border of the widow. 15:26 恶谋为耶和华所憎恶。良言乃为纯净。 The thoughts of the wicked are an abomination to the LORD: but the words of the pure are pleasant words. 15:27 贪恋财利的，扰害己家。恨恶贿赂的，必得存活。 He that is greedy of gain troubleth his own house; but he that hateth gifts shall live. 15:28 义人的心，思量如何回答。恶人的口，吐出恶言。 The heart of the righteous studieth to answer: but the mouth of the wicked poureth out evil things. 15:29 耶和华远离恶人。却听义人的祷告。 The LORD is far from the wicked: but he heareth the prayer of the righteous. 15:30 眼有光使心喜乐。好信息使骨滋润。 The light of the eyes rejoiceth the heart: and a good report maketh the bones fat. 15:31 听从生命责备的，必常在智慧人中。 The ear that heareth the reproof of life abideth among the wise. 15:32 弃绝管教的，轻看自己的生命。听从责备的，却得智慧。 He that refuseth instruction despiseth his own soul: but he that heareth reproof getteth understanding. 15:33 敬畏耶和华，是智慧的训诲。尊荣以前，必有谦卑。 The fear of the LORD is the instruction of wisdom; and before honour is humility.\nEcclesiastes Ecclesiastes 1:1-18 1:1 在耶路撒冷作王，大卫的儿子，传道者的言语。 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. 1:2 传道者说，虚空的虚空，虚空的虚空。凡事都是虚空。 Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity. 1:3 人一切的劳碌，就是他在日光之下的劳碌，有什么益处呢。 What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun? 1:4 一代过去，一代又来。地却永远长存。 One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. 1:5 日头出来，日头落下，急归所出之地。 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose. 1:6 风往南刮，又向北转，不住的旋转，而且返回转行原道。 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits. 1:7 江河都往海里流，海却不满。江河从何处流，仍归何处。 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. 1:8 万事令人厌烦。（或作万物满有困乏）人不能说尽。眼看，看 不饱，耳听，听不足。 All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing. 1:9 已有的事，后必再有。已行的事，后必再行。日光之下并无新 事。 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. 1:10 岂有一件事人能指着说，这是新的。那知，在我们以前的世 代，早已有了。 Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us. 1:11 已过的世代，无人记念，将来的世代，后来的人也不记念。 There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after. 1:12 我传道者在耶路撒冷作过以色列的王。 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem. 1:13 我专心用智慧寻求查究天下所作的一切事，乃知神叫世人所经 练的，是极重的劳苦。 And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things that are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God given to the sons of man to be exercised therewith. 1:14 我见日光之下所作的一切事，都是虚空，都是捕风。 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit. 1:15 弯曲的不能变直，缺少的不能足数。 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting cannot be numbered. 1:16 我心里议论，说，我得了大智慧，胜过我以前在耶路撒冷的众 人。而且我心中多经历智慧，和知识的事。 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge. 1:17 我又专心察明智慧，狂妄，和愚昧。乃知道也是捕风。 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit. 1:18 因为多有智慧，就多有愁烦。加增知识的，就加增忧伤。 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.\nEcclesiastes 1:15-18 1:15 弯曲的不能变直，缺少的不能足数。 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting cannot be numbered. 1:16 我心里议论，说，我得了大智慧，胜过我以前在耶路撒冷的众 人。而且我心中多经历智慧，和知识的事。 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge. 1:17 我又专心察明智慧，狂妄，和愚昧。乃知道也是捕风。 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit. 1:18 因为多有智慧，就多有愁烦。加增知识的，就加增忧伤。 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.\nEcclesiastes 3:1-8 旧约 \u0026ndash; 传道书(Ecclesiastes) \u0026ndash; 第 3 章 ( 本篇共有 12 章 ) 3:1 凡事都有定期，天下万务都有定时。 To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: 3:2 生有时，死有时。栽种有时，拔出所栽种的，也有时。 A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; 3:3 杀戮有时，医治有时。拆毁有时，建造有时。 A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; 3:4 哭有时，笑有时。哀恸有时，跳舞有时。 A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; 3:5 抛掷石头有时，堆聚石头有时。怀抱有时，不怀抱有时。 A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; 3:6 寻梢有时，失落有时。保守有时，舍弃有时。 A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; 3:7 撕裂有时，缝补有时。静默有时，言语有时。 A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; 3:8 喜爱有时，恨恶有时。争战有时，和好有时。 A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace.\nEcclesiastes 3:20 3:20 都归一处。都是出于尘土，也都归于尘土。 All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.\nEcclesiastes 4:4 4:4 我又见人为一切的劳碌，和各样灵巧的工作，就被邻舍嫉妒。 这也是虚空，也是捕风。 Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbour. This is also vanity and vexation of spirit.\nEcclesiastes 5:2-17 你在神面前不可冒失开口，也不可心急发言。因为神在天上， 你在地下，所以你的言语要寡少。 Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to utter any thing before God: for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth: therefore let thy words be few. 5:3 事务多，就令人作梦，言语多，就显出愚昧。 For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool\u0026rsquo;s voice is known by multitude of words. 5:4 你向神许愿，偿还不可迟延。因他不喜悦愚昧人。所以你许的 愿应当偿还。 When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed. 5:5 你许愿不还，不如不许。 Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest vow and not pay. 5:6 不可任你的口使肉体犯罪。也不可在祭司（原文作使者）面前 说是错许了。为何使神因你的声音发怒，败坏你手所作的呢。 Suffer not thy mouth to cause thy flesh to sin; neither say thou before the angel, that it was an error: wherefore should God be angry at thy voice, and destroy the work of thine hands? 5:7 多梦和多言，其中多有虚幻。你只要敬畏神。 For in the multitude of dreams and many words there are also divers vanities: but fear thou God. 5:8 你若在一省之中见穷人受人欺压，并夺去公义公平的事，不要 因此诧异。因有一位高过居高位的鉴察。在他们以上还有更高的。 If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they. 5:9 况且地的益处归众人。就是君王也受田地的供应。 Moreover the profit of the earth is for all: the king himself is served by the field. 5:10 贪爱银子的，不因得银子知足。贪爱丰富的，也不因得利益知 足。这也是虚空。 He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver; nor he that loveth abundance with increase: this is also vanity. 5:11 货物增添，吃的人也增添。物主得什么呢，不过眼看而已。 When goods increase, they are increased that eat them: and what good is there to the owners thereof, saving the beholding of them with their eyes? 5:12 劳碌的人，不拘吃多吃少，睡得香甜。富足的丰满，却不容他 睡觉。 The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep. 5:13 我见日光之下，有一宗大祸患，就是财主积存赀财，反害自 己。 There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt. 5:14 因遭遇祸患，这些赀财就消灭。那人若生了儿子，手里也一无 所有。 But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand. 5:15 他怎样从母胎赤身而来，也必照样赤身而去。他所劳碌得来 的。手中分毫不能带去。 As he came forth of his mother\u0026rsquo;s womb, naked shall he return to go as he came, and shall take nothing of his labour, which he may carry away in his hand. 5:16 他来的情形怎样，他去的情形也怎样。这也是一宗大祸患。他 为风劳碌有什么益处呢。 And this also is a sore evil, that in all points as he came, so shall he go: and what profit hath he that hath laboured for the wind? 5:17 并且他终身在黑暗中吃喝，多有烦恼，又有病患呕气。 All his days also he eateth in darkness, and he hath much sorrow and wrath with his sickness.\nEcclesiastes 7:1-21 7:1 名誉强如美好的膏油。人死的日子，胜过人生的日子。 A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one\u0026rsquo;s birth. 7:2 往遭丧的家去，强如往宴乐的家去，因为死是众人的结局。活 人也必将这事放在心上。 It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the house of feasting: for that is the end of all men; and the living will lay it to his heart. 7:3 忧愁强如喜笑，因为面带愁容，终必使心喜乐。 Sorrow is better than laughter: for by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better. 7:4 智慧人的心，在遭丧之家。愚昧人的心，在快乐之家。 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth. 7:5 听智慧人的责备，强如听愚昧人的歌唱。 It is better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to hear the song of fools. 7:6 愚昧人的笑声，好像锅下烧荆棘的爆声，这也是虚空。 For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool: this also is vanity. 7:7 勒索使智慧人变为愚妄。贿赂能败坏人的慧心。 Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the heart. 7:8 事情的终局，强如事情的起头。存心忍耐的，胜过居心骄傲 的。 Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof: and the patient in spirit is better than the proud in spirit. 7:9 你不要心里急躁恼怒，因为恼怒存在愚昧人的怀中。 Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the bosom of fools. 7:10 不要说，先前的日子强过如今的日子，是什么缘故呢。你这样 问，不是出于智慧。 Say not thou, What is the cause that the former days were better than these? for thou dost not enquire wisely concerning this. 7:11 智慧和产业并好。而且见天日的人，得智慧更为有益。 Wisdom is good with an inheritance: and by it there is profit to them that see the sun. 7:12 因为智慧护庇人，好像银钱护庇人一样。惟独智慧能保全智慧 人的生命，这就是知识的益处。 For wisdom is a defence, and money is a defence: but the excellency of knowledge is, that wisdom giveth life to them that have it. 7:13 你要察看神的作为，因为神使为曲的，谁能变为直呢。 Consider the work of God: for who can make that straight, which he hath made crooked? 7:14 遇亨通的日子，你当喜乐。遭患难的日子，你当思想。因为神 使这两样并列，为的是叫人查不出身后有什么事。 In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in the day of adversity consider: God also hath set the one over against the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him. 7:15 有义人行义，反致灭亡。有恶人行恶，倒享长寿。这都是我在 虚度之日中所见过的。 All things have I seen in the days of my vanity: there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness, and there is a wicked man that prolongeth his life in his wickedness. 7:16 不要行义过分。也不要过于自逞智慧。何必自取败亡呢。 Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise: why shouldest thou destroy thyself ? 7:17 不要行恶过分。也不要为人愚昧。何必不到期而死呢。 Be not over much wicked, neither be thou foolish: why shouldest thou die before thy time? 7:18 你持守这个为美。那个也不要松手。因为敬畏神的人，必从这 两样出来。 It is good that thou shouldest take hold of this; yea, also from this withdraw not thine hand: for he that feareth God shall come forth of them all. 7:19 智慧使有智慧的人，比城中十个官长更有能力。 Wisdom strengtheneth the wise more than ten mighty men which are in the city. 7:20 时常行善而不犯罪的义人，世上实在没有。 For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. 7:21 人所说的一切话，你不要放在心上，恐怕听见你的仆人咒诅 你。 Also take no heed unto all words that are spoken; lest thou hear thy servant curse thee: 7:22 因为你心里知道，自己也曾屡次咒诅别人。 For oftentimes also thine own heart knoweth that thou thyself likewise hast cursed others.\nSong Of Solomon Isaiah Isaiah 1:16-17 1:16 你们要洗濯，自洁。从我眼前除掉你们的恶行。要止住作恶， Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil; 1:17 学习行善。寻求公平，解救受欺压的，给孤儿伸冤，为寡妇辨 屈。 Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.\nIsaiah 1:23 1:23 你的官长居心悖逆，与盗贼作伴。各都喜爱贿赂，追求赃私。 他们不为孤儿伸冤，寡妇的案件，也不得呈到他们面前。 Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.\nIsaiah 2:12-22 2:12 必有万军耶和华降罚的一个日子，要临到骄傲狂妄的，一切自 高的，都必降为卑。 For the day of the LORD of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud and lofty, and upon every one that is lifted up; and he shall be brought low: 2:13 又临到黎巴嫩高大的香柏树，和巴珊的橡树。 And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan, 2:14 又临到一切高山的峻岭。 And upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up, 2:15 又临到高台和坚固城墙。 And upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall, 2:16 又临到他施的船只，并一切可爱的美物。 And upon all the ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures. 2:17 骄傲的必屈膝，狂妄的必降卑。在那日，惟独耶和华被尊崇。 And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. 2:18 偶像必全然废弃 And the idols he shall utterly abolish. 2:19 耶和华兴起使地大震动的时候，人就进入石洞，进入土穴，躲 避耶和华的惊吓，和他威严的荣光。 And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. 2:20 到那日，人必将为拜而造的金偶像，银偶像，抛给田鼠和蝙 蝠。 In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats; 2:21 到耶和华兴起使地大震动的时候，人好进入磐石洞中，和岩石 穴里，躲避耶和华的惊吓，和他威严的荣光。 To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. 2:22 你们休要依靠世人，他鼻孔里不过有气息。他在一切事上可算 什么呢。 Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of ?\n5:20-23 5:20 祸哉，那些称恶为善，称善为恶，以暗为光，以光为暗，以苦 为甜，以甜为苦的人。 Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! 5:21 祸哉，那些自以为有智慧，自看为通达的人。 Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight! 5:22 祸哉，那些勇于饮酒，以能力调浓酒的人。 Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink: 5:23 他们因受贿赂，就称恶人为义，将义人的义夺去。 Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!\n7:9 7:9 以法莲的受首城是撒玛利亚，撒玛利亚的首领是利玛利的儿 子。你们若是不信，定然不得立稳。 And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah\u0026rsquo;s son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established.\nIsaiah 24:1-23 24:1 看哪，耶和华使地空虚，变为荒凉。又翻转大地，将居民分 散。 Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof. 24:2 那时百姓怎样，祭司也怎样。仆人怎样，主人也怎样。婢女怎 样，主母也怎样。买物的怎样，卖物的也怎样。放债的怎样，借债的也 怎样。取利的怎样，出利的也怎样。 And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him. 24:3 地必全然空虚，尽都荒凉。因为这话是耶和华说的。 The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for the LORD hath spoken this word. 24:4 地上悲哀衰残，世界败落衰残，地上居高位的人也败落了。 The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish. 24:5 地被其上的居民污秽。因为他们犯了律法，废了律例，背了永 约。 The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant. 24:6 所以地被咒诅吞灭，住在其上的显为有罪。地上的居民被火焚 烧，剩下的人稀少。 Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left. 24:7 新酒悲哀，葡萄树衰残，心中欢乐的，俱都叹息。 The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh. 24:8 击鼓之乐止息，宴乐人的声音完毕，弹琴之乐也止息了。 The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. 24:9 人必不得饮酒唱歌。喝浓酒的，必以为苦。 They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it. 24:10 荒凉的城拆毁了。各家关门闭户，使人都不得进去。 The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in. 24:11 在街上因酒有悲欢的声音。一切喜乐变为昏暗。地上的欢乐 归于无有。 There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. 24:12 城中只有荒凉，城门拆毁净尽。 In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction. 24:13 在地上的万民中，必像打过的橄榄树，又像已摘的葡萄所剩 无几。 When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, there shall be as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done. 24:14 这些人要高声欢呼。他们为耶和华的威严，从海那里扬起声 来。 They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty of the LORD, they shall cry aloud from the sea. 24:15 因此你们要在东方荣耀耶和华，在众海岛荣耀耶和华以色列 神的名。 Wherefore glorify ye the LORD in the fires, even the name of the LORD God of Israel in the isles of the sea. 24:16 我们听见从地极有人歌唱，说，荣耀归于义人。我却说，我 消灭了，我消灭了，我有祸了。诡诈的行诡诈，诡诈的大行诡诈。 From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, even glory to the righteous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe unto me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously; yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously. 24:17 地上的居民哪，恐惧，陷坑，网罗，都临近你。 Fear, and the pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth. 24:18 躲避恐惧声音的必坠入陷坑。从陷坑上来的必被网罗缠住。 因为天上的窗户都开了，地的根基也震动了。 And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake. 24:19 地全然破坏，尽都崩裂，大大的震动了。 The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly. 24:20 地要东倒西歪，好像醉酒的人。又摇来摇去，好像吊床。罪 过在其上沉重，必然塌陷，不能复起。 The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again. 24:21 到那日耶和华在高处必惩罚高处的众军，在地上必惩罚地上 的列王， And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth. 24:22 他们必被聚集，像囚犯被聚在牢狱中，并要囚在监牢里，多 日之后便被讨罪。（或作眷顾） And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited. 24:23 那时月亮要蒙羞，日头要惭愧。因为万军之耶和华必在锡安 山，在耶路撒冷作王。在敬畏他的长老面前，必有荣耀。 Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.\nIsaiah 28:7-22 28:7 就是这地的人，因酒摇摇晃晃，因浓酒东倒西歪。祭司和先知 因浓酒摇摇晃晃，被酒所困，因浓酒东倒西歪。他们错解默示，谬行审 判。 But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. 28:8 因为各席上满了呕吐的污秽，无一处乾净。 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no place clean. 28:9 讥诮先知的说，他要将知识指教谁呢，要使谁明白传言呢。是 那刚断奶离怀的吗。 Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts. 28:10 他竟命上加命，令上加令，律上加律，例上加例，这里一 点，那里一点。 For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little: 28:11 先知说，不然，主要藉异邦人的嘴唇，和外邦人的舌头，对 这百姓说话。 For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. 28:12 他曾对他们说，你们要使疲乏人得安息。这样才得安息，才 得舒畅。他们却不肯听。 To whom he said, This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would not hear. 28:13 所以耶和华向他们说的话，是命上加命，令上加令，律上加 律，例上加例，这里一点，那里一点，以致他们前行仰面跌倒，而且跌 碎，并陷入网罗，被缠住。 But the word of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little; that they might go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken.\n28:14 所以你们这些亵慢的人，就是辖管住在耶路撒冷这百姓的， 要听耶和华的话。 Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule this people which is in Jerusalem. 28:15 你们曾说，我们与死亡立约，与阴间结盟。敌军（原文作鞭 子）如水涨漫经过的时候，必不临到我们。因我们以谎言为避所，在虚 假以下藏身。 Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: 28:16 所以主耶和华如此说，看哪，我在锡安放一块石头，作为根 基，是试验过的石头，是稳固根基，宝贵的房角石，信靠的人必不着 急。 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. 28:17 我必以公平为准绳，以公义为线铊。冰雹必冲去谎言的避 所，大水必漫过藏身之处。 Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place. 28:18 你们与死亡所立的约，必然废掉，与阴间所结的盟，必立不 住。敌军（原文作鞭子）如水涨漫经过的时候，你们必被他践踏。 And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it. 28:19 每逢经过必将你们掳去。因为每早晨他必经过，白昼黑夜都 必如此。明白传言的，必受惊恐。 From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night: and it shall be a vexation only to understand the report. 28:20 原来床榻短，使人不能舒身。被窝窄，使人不能遮体。 For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it. 28:21 耶和华必兴起，像在毗拉心山，他必发怒，像在基遍谷，好 作成他的工，就是非常的工，成就他的事，就是奇异的事。 For the LORD shall rise up as in mount Perazim, he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act. 28:22 现在你们不可亵慢，恐怕捆你们的绑索更结实了。因为我从 主万军之耶和华那里听见已经决定，在全地上施行灭绝的事。 Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong: for I have heard from the Lord GOD of hosts a consumption, even determined upon the whole earth.\nIsaiah 28:25-29 28:25 他拉平了地面，岂不就撒种小茴香，播种大茴香，按行列种 小麦，在定处种大麦，在田边种粗麦呢。 When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place? 28:26 因为他的神教导他务农相宜，并且指教他。 For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. 28:27 原来打小茴香，不用尖利的器具，轧大茴香，也不用碌碡。 （原文作车轮下同）但用杖打小茴香，用棍打大茴香。 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. 28:28 作饼的粮食是用磨磨碎，因他不必常打。虽用碌碡和马打 散，却不磨他。 Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. 28:29 这也是出于万军之耶和华。他的谋略奇妙，他的智慧广大。 This also cometh forth from the LORD of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working.\nIsaiah 32:5-8 5The foolish person will no longer be called generous,\nNor the miser said to be bountiful;\n6For the foolish person will speak foolishness,\nAnd his heart will work iniquity:\nTo practice ungodliness,\nTo utter error against the LORD,\nTo keep the hungry unsatisfied,\nAnd he will cause the drink of the thirsty to fail.\n7Also the schemes of the schemer are evil;\nHe devises wicked plans\nTo destroy the poor with lying words,\nEven when the needy speaks justice.\n8But a generous man devises generous things,\nAnd by generosity he shall stand.\nIsaiah 38:10-20 38:10 我说，正在我中年（或作晌午）之日，必进入阴间的门。我 馀剩的年岁不得享受。 I said in the cutting off of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the residue of my years. 38:11 我说，我必不得见耶和华，就是在活人之地不见耶和华。我 与世上的居民不再见面。 I said, I shall not see the LORD, even the LORD, in the land of the living: I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the world. 38:12 我的住处被迁去离开我，好像牧人的帐棚一样。我将性命卷 起，像织布的卷布一样。耶和华必将我从机头剪断，从早到晚，他要使 我完结。 Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd\u0026rsquo;s tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with pining sickness: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 38:13 我使自己安静直到天亮。他像狮子折断我一切的骨头，从早 到晚，他要使我完结。 I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all my bones: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. 38:14 我像燕子呢喃。像白鹤呜叫。又像鸽子哀呜。我因仰观，眼 睛困倦。耶和华阿，我受欺压。求你为我作保。 Like a crane or a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a dove: mine eyes fail with looking upward: O LORD, I am oppressed; undertake for me. 38:15 我可说什么呢，他应许我的，也给我成就了。我因心里的苦 楚，在一生的年日，必悄悄而行。 What shall I say? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath done it: I shall go softly all my years in the bitterness of my soul. 38:16 主阿，人得存活，乃在乎此。我灵存活，也全在此。所以求 你使我痊愈，仍然存活。 O LORD, by these things men live, and in all these things is the life of my spirit: so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live. 38:17 看哪，我受大苦，本为使我得平安，你因爱我的灵魂，（或 作生命）便救我脱离败坏的坑。因为你将我一切的罪，扔在你的背后。 Behold, for peace I had great bitterness: but thou hast in love to my soul delivered it from the pit of corruption: for thou hast cast all my sins behind thy back. 38:18 原来阴间不能称谢你，死亡不能颂扬你，下坑的人不能盼望 你的诚实。 For the grave cannot praise thee, death can not celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. 38:19 只有活人，活人必称谢你，像我今日称谢你一样。为父的， 必使儿女知道你的诚实。 The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: the father to the children shall make known thy truth. 38:20 耶和华肯救我，所以我们要一生一世，在耶和华殿中用丝弦 的乐器，唱我的诗歌。 The LORD was ready to save me: therefore we will sing my songs to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of the LORD.\nIsachah 41:6-10 6Everyone helped his neighbor,\nAnd said to his brother,\n“Be of good courage!”\n7So the craftsman encouraged the goldsmith;\nHe who smooths with the hammer inspired him who strikes the anvil,\nSaying, “It is ready for the soldering”;\nThen he fastened it with pegs,\nThat it might not totter.\n8“But you, Israel, are My servant,\nJacob whom I have chosen,\nThe descendants of Abraham My friend.\n9You whom I have taken from the ends of the earth,\nAnd called from its farthest regions,\nAnd said to you,\n‘You are My servant,\nI have chosen you and have not cast you away:\n10Fear not, for I am with you;\nBe not dismayed, for I am your God.\nI will strengthen you,\nYes, I will help you,\nI will uphold you with My righteous right hand.’\nIsaiah 42:3-4 3A bruised reed He will not break,\nAnd smoking flax He will not quench;\nHe will bring forth justice for truth.\n4He will not fail nor be discouraged,\nTill He has established justice in the earth;\nAnd the coastlands shall wait for His law.”\nIsaiah 47:8-13 8“Therefore hear this now, you who are given to pleasures,\nWho dwell securely,\nWho say in your heart, ‘I am, and there is no one else besides me;\nI shall not sit as a widow,\nNor shall I know the loss of children’;\n9But these two things shall come to you\nIn a moment, in one day:\nThe loss of children, and widowhood.\nThey shall come upon you in their fullness\nBecause of the multitude of your sorceries,\nFor the great abundance of your enchantments.\n10“For you have trusted in your wickedness;\nYou have said, ‘No one sees me’;\nYour wisdom and your knowledge have warped you;\nAnd you have said in your heart,\n‘I am, and there is no one else besides me.’\n11Therefore evil shall come upon you;\nYou shall not know from where it arises.\nAnd trouble shall fall upon you;\nYou will not be able to put it off.\nAnd desolation shall come upon you suddenly,\nWhich you shall not know.\n12“Stand now with your enchantments\nAnd the multitude of your sorceries,\nIn which you have labored from your youth—\nPerhaps you will be able to profit,\nPerhaps you will prevail.\n13You are wearied in the multitude of your counsels;\nLet now the astrologers, the stargazers,\nAnd the monthly prognosticators\nStand up and save you\nFrom what shall come upon you.\nIsaiah 53 53:1 我们所传的，（或作所传与我们的）有谁信呢。耶和华的膀臂 向谁显露呢。 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? 53:2 他在耶和华面前生长如嫩芽，像根出于乾地。他无佳形美容， 我们看见他的时候，也无美貌使我们羡慕他。 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. 53:3 他被藐视，被人厌弃，多受痛苦，常经忧患。他被藐 视， 好像被人掩面不看的一样。我们也不尊重他。 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. 53:4 他诚然担当我们的忧患，背负我们的痛苦。我们却以为他受责 罚，被神击打苦待了。 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. 53:5 那知他为我们的过犯受害，为我们的罪孽压伤。因他受的刑罚 我们得平安。因他受的鞭伤我们得医治。 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. 53:6 我们都如羊走迷，各人偏行己路。耶和华使我们众人的罪孽都 归在他身上。 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. 53:7 他被欺压，在受苦的时候却不开口。（或作他受欺压却自卑不 开口）他像羊羔被牵到宰杀之地，又像羊在剪毛的人手下无声，他也是 这样不开口。 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. 53:8 因受欺压和审判他被夺去。至于他同世的人，谁想他受鞭打， 从活人之地被剪除，是因我百姓的罪过呢。 He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. 53:9 他虽然未行强暴，口中也没有诡诈，人还使他与恶人同埋。谁 知死的时候与财主同葬。 And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. 53:10 耶和华却定意（或作喜悦）将他压伤，使他受痛苦。耶和华 以他为赎罪祭。（或作他献本身为赎罪祭）他必看见后裔，并且延长年 日，耶和华所喜悦的事，必在他手中亨通。 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. 53:11 他必看见自己劳苦的功效，便心满意足。有许多人，因认识 我的义仆得称为义。并且他要担当他们的罪孽。 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. 53:12 所以我要使他与位大的同分，与强盛的均分掳物。因为他将 命倾倒，以致于死。他也被列在罪犯之中。他却担当多人的罪，又为罪 犯代求。 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.\nIsaiah 57:12-19 57:12 我要指明你的公义。至于你所行的，都必与你无益。 I will declare thy righteousness, and thy works; for they shall not profit thee. 57:13 你哀求的时候，让你所聚集的拯救你吧。风要把他们刮散。 一口气要把他们都吹去。但那投靠我的必得地土，必承受我的圣山为 业。 When thou criest, let thy companies deliver thee; but the wind shall carry them all away; vanity shall take them: but he that putteth his trust in me shall possess the land, and shall inherit my holy mountain; 57:14 耶和华要说，你们修筑修筑，豫备道路，将绊脚石从我百姓 的路中除掉。 And shall say, Cast ye up, cast ye up, prepare the way, take up the stumblingblock out of the way of my people. 57:15 因为那至高至上，永远常存，（原文作住在永远）名为圣者 的如此说，我住在至高至圣的所在，也与心灵痛悔谦卑的人同居，要使 谦卑人的灵苏醒，也使痛悔人的心苏醒。 For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones. 57:16 我必不永远相争，也不长久发怒。恐怕我所造的人与灵性， 都必发昏。 For I will not contend for ever, neither will I be always wroth: for the spirit should fail before me, and the souls which I have made. 57:17 因他贪婪的罪孽，我就发怒击打他。我向他掩面发怒，他却 仍然随心背道。 For the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him: I hid me, and was wroth, and he went on frowardly in the way of his heart. 57:18 我看见他所行的道，也要医治他。又要引导他，使他和那一 同伤心的人，再得安慰。 I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners. 57:19 我造就嘴唇的果子。愿平安康泰归与远处的人，也归与近处 的人，并且我要医治他。这是耶和华说的。 I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near, saith the LORD; and I will heal him.\nIsaiah 58:4-5 58:4 你们禁食，却互相争竞，以凶恶的拳头打人。你们今日禁食， 不得使你们的声音听闻于上。 Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high. 58:5 这样禁食，岂是我所拣选使人刻苦己心的日子吗。岂是叫人垂 头像苇子，用麻布和炉灰铺在他以下吗。你这可称为禁食为耶和华所悦 纳的日子吗。 Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the LORD?\nIsaiah 59:11-12 59:11 我们咆哮如熊，哀呜如鸽。指望公平，却是没有。指望救 恩，却远离我们。 We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us. 59:12 我们的过犯在你面前增多，罪恶作见证告我们。过犯与我们 同在。至于我们的罪孽，我们都知道。 For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;\nIsaiah 59:15-17 59:15 诚实少见。离恶的人反成掠物。 Yea, truth faileth; and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and the LORD saw it, and it displeased him that there was no judgment. 59:16 那时，耶和华看见没有公平，甚不喜悦。他见无人拯救，无 人代求，甚为诧异。就用自己的膀臂施行拯救。以公义扶持自己。 And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him; and his righteousness, it sustained him. 59:17 他以公义为铠甲，（或作护心镜）以拯救为头盔，以报仇为 衣服，以热心为外袍。 For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloak.\nIsaiah 60:1-14 60:1 兴起发光。因为你的光已经来到，耶和华的荣耀发现照耀你。 Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD is risen upon thee. 60:2 看哪，黑暗遮盖大地，幽暗遮盖万民。耶和华却要显现照耀 你，他的荣耀要现在你身上。 For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee. 60:3 万国要来就你的光，君王要来就你发现的光辉。 And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. 60:4 你举目向四方观看。众人都聚集来到你这里。你的众子从远方 而来，你的众女也被怀抱而来。 Lift up thine eyes round about, and see: all they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far, and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side. 60:5 那时你看见就有光荣，你心又跳动，又宽畅。因为大海丰盛的 货物，必转来归你，列国的财宝，也必来归你。 Then thou shalt see, and flow together, and thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged; because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee, the forces of the Gentiles shall come unto thee. 60:6 成群的骆驼，并米甸和以法的独峰驼，必遮满你。示巴的众 人，都必来到。要奉上黄金乳香，又要传说耶和华的赞美。 The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring gold and incense; and they shall shew forth the praises of the LORD. 60:7 基达的羊群，都必聚集到你这里，尼拜约的公羊，要供你使 用。在我坛上必蒙悦纳。我必荣耀我荣耀的殿。 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory. 60:8 那些飞来如云，又如鸽子向窗户飞回的，是谁呢。 Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? 60:9 众海岛必等候我，首先是他施的船只，将你的众子，连他们的 金银，从远方一同带来，都为耶和华你神的名，又为以色列的圣者，因 为他已经荣耀了你。 Surely the isles shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them, unto the name of the LORD thy God, and to the Holy One of Israel, because he hath glorified thee. 60:10 外邦人必建筑你的城墙，他们的王必服事你。我曾发怒击打 你，现今却施恩怜恤你。 And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee. 60:11 你的城门必时常开放，昼夜不关，使人把列国的财物带来归 你，并将他们的君王牵引而来。 Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought. 60:12 那一邦那一国不事奉你，就必灭亡，也必全然荒废。 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted. 60:13 黎巴嫩的荣耀，就是松树，衫树，黄杨树，都必一同归你， 为要修饰我圣所之地。我也要使我脚踏之处的荣耀。 The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious. 60:14 素来苦待你的，他的子孙都必屈身来就你。藐视你的，都要 在你脚下跪拜。他们要称你为耶和华的城，为以色列的圣者的锡安。 The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel.\nIsaiah 66:3-6 66:3 假冒为善的宰牛好像杀人。献羊羔好像打折狗项。献供物好像 献猪血。烧乳香好像称颂偶像。这等人拣选自己的道路，心里喜悦行可 憎恶的事。 He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog\u0026rsquo;s neck; he that offereth an oblation, as if he offered swine\u0026rsquo;s blood; he that burneth incense, as if he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations. 66:4 我也必拣选迷惑他们的事，使他们所惧怕的临到他们。因为我 呼唤，无人答应。我说话，他们不听从。反倒行我眼中看为恶的，拣选 我所不喜悦的。 I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them; because when I called, none did answer; when I spake, they did not hear: but they did evil before mine eyes, and chose that in which I delighted not. 66:5 你们因耶和华言语战兢的人，当听他的话。你们的弟兄，就是 恨恶你们，因我名赶出你们的，曾说，愿耶和华得荣耀，使我们得见你 们的喜乐。但蒙羞的究竟是他们。 Hear the word of the LORD, ye that tremble at his word; Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name\u0026rsquo;s sake, said, Let the LORD be glorified: but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed. 66:6 有喧哗的声音出自城中，有声音出于殿中，是耶和华向仇敌施 行报应的声音。 A voice of noise from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of the LORD that rendereth recompence to his enemies.\nJeremiah Jeremiah 6:13-15 6:13 因为他们从最小的到至大的都一味地贪婪，从先知到祭司都行 事虚谎。 For from the least of them even unto the greatest of them every one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even unto the priest every one dealeth falsely. 6:14 他们轻轻忽忽地医治我百姓的损伤，说，平安了。平安了。其 实没有平安。 They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace. 6:15 他们行可憎的事知道惭愧吗。不然，他们毫不惭愧，也不知羞 耻。因此，他们必在仆倒的人中仆倒。我向他们讨罪的时候，他们必致 跌倒。这是耶和华说的。 Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore they shall fall among them that fall: at the time that I visit them they shall be cast down, saith the LORD.\nJeremiah 16:18-21 16:18 And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; because they have defiled my land, they have filled mine inheritance with the carcases of their detestable and abominable things. 16:19 O LORD, my strength, and my fortress, and my refuge in the day of affliction, the Gentiles shall come unto thee from the ends of the earth, and shall say, Surely our fathers have inherited lies, vanity, and things wherein there is no profit. 16:20 Shall a man make gods unto himself, and they are no gods? 16:21 Therefore, behold, I will this once cause them to know, I will cause them to know mine hand and my might; and they shall know that my name is The LORD.\n1 Corinthians 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 Love suffers long and is kind, it is not proud. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things and endures all things. Love never fails. And now these three remain, faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these, is love.\n办公室第九季第20集结尾台词。Jim最终决定放弃创业，选择Pam和稀松，熟悉的日常。两人从婚姻崩溃的边缘，重新拾起相爱的勇气。\nHow to win friends and influence people (HTWFAIP) Dealing with people is probably the biggest problem you face, especially if you are in business. Yes, and that is also true if you are a housewife, architect or engineer. Research done a few years ago under the auspices of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching uncovered a most important and significant fact – a fact later confirmed by additional studies made at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. These investigations revealed that even in such technical lines as engineering, about 15 percent of one’s financial success is due to one’s technical knowledge and about 85 percent is due to skill in human engineering – to personality and the ability to lead people.\nIn the heyday of his activity, John D. Rockefeller said that ‘the ability to deal with people is as purchasable a commodity as sugar or coffee.’ ‘And I will pay more for that ability,’ said John D., ‘than for any other under the sun.’\nWhat is this magic requirement? Just this: a deep, driving desire to learn, a vigorous determination to increase your ability to deal with people.\nHow can you develop such an urge? By constantly reminding yourself how important these principles are to you. Picture to yourself how their mastery will aid you in leading a richer, fuller, happier and more fulfilling life. Say to yourself over and over: ‘My popularity, my happiness and sense of worth depend to no small extent upon my skill in dealing with people.’\nIn order to get the most out of this book:\na. Develop a deep, driving desire to master the principles of human relations.\nb. Read each chapter twice before going on to the next one.\nc. As you read, stop frequently to ask yourself how you can apply each suggestion.\nd. Underscore each important idea.\ne. Review this book each month.\nf. Apply these principles at every opportunity. Use this volume as a working handbook to help you solve your daily problems.\ng. Make a lively game out of your learning by offering some friend a dime or a dollar every time he or she catches you violating one of these principles.\nh. Check up each week on the progress you are making. Ask yourself what mistakes you have made, what improvement, what lessons you have learned for the future.\ni. Keep notes in the back of this book showing how and when you have applied these principles.\nPART ONE FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN HANDLING PEOPLE PRINCIPLE 1\nDon\u0026rsquo;t criticise, condemn or complain.\nchapter two THE BIG SECRET OF DEALING WITH PEOPLE PRINCIPLE 2\nGive honest and sincere appreciation.\nchapter three \u0026lsquo;HE WHO CAN DO THIS HAS THE WHOLE WORLD WITH HIM. HE WHO CANNOT WALKS A LONELY WAY\u0026rsquo; PRINCIPLE 3\nArouse in the other person an eager want.\nchapter one DO THIS AND YOU\u0026rsquo;LL BE WELCOME ANYWHERE PRINCIPLE 1\nBecome genuinely interested in other people.\nChapter 2 PRINCIPLE 2\nSmile.\nchapter 3 PRINCIPLE 3\nRemember that a person’s name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.\nChap 4 PRINCIPLE 4\nBe a good listener.\nEncourage others to talk about themselves.\nChap 5 PRINCIPLE 5\nTalk in terms of the other person’s interests.\nChap 6 PRINCIPLE 6\nMake the other person feel important – and do it sincerely.\nYou can\u0026rsquo;t win an argument PRINCIPLE 1\nThe only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.\nNever tell other people they are wrong PRINCIPLE 2\nShow respect for the other person’s opinions. Never say, ‘You’re wrong.’\nIf you are wrong, admit it PRINCIPLE 3\nIf you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.\nA drop of honey PRINCIPLE 4\nBegin in a friendly way.\nThe Secret of Socrates PRINCIPLE 5\nGet the other person saying ‘yes, yes’ immediately.\nThe Safety Valve in Handling Complaints Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.\nHow to Get Cooperation PRINCIPLE 7\nLet the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.\nA Formula That Will Work Wonders for You PRINCIPLE 8\nTry honestly to see things from the other person’s point of view.\nWhat Everybody Wants PRINCIPLE 9\nBe sympathetic with the other person’s ideas and desires.\nAn Appeal That Everybody Likes PRINCIPLE 10\nAppeal to the nobler motives.\nThe Movies Do It.TV Does It.Why Don\u0026rsquo;t You Do It? PRINCIPLE 11\nDramatise your ideas.\nWhen Nothing Else Works,Try This PRINCIPLE 12\nThrow down a challenge.\nIf You Must Find Fault,This Is the Way to Begin PRINCIPLE 1\nBegin with praise and honest appreciation.\nHow to Criticise-and Not Be Hated for It PRINCIPLE 2\nCall attention to people’s mistakes indirectly.\nTalk About Your Own Mistakes First PRINCIPLE 3\nTalk about your own mistakes before criticising the other person.\nNo One Likes to Take Orders Ask questions instead of giving direct orders.\nLet the Other Person Save Face PRINCIPLE 5\nLet the other person save face.\nHowto Spur People Onto Success PRINCIPLE 6\nPraise the slightest improvement and praise every improvement. Be ‘hearty in your approbation and lavish in your praise.’\nGive a Dog a Good Name PRINCIPLE 7\nGive the other person a fine reputation to live up to.\nMake the Fault Seem Easy to Correct PRINCIPLE 8\nUse encouragement. Make the fault seem easy to correct.\nMaking People Glad to Do What You Want PRINCIPLE 9\nMake the other person happy about doing the thing you suggest.\nTHE GREATEST SALESMAN IN THE WORLD Preface I will persist until I succeed.\nI was not delivered into this world into defeat, nor does failure course in my veins. I am not a sheep waiting to be prodded by my shepherd. I am a lion and I refuse to talk, to walk, to sleep with the sheep.\nThe slaughterhouse of failure is not my destiny.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nChap 3 首先，你要向我证明，当然 更重要的是向自己证实，你能忍受推销的辛苦。你抽的这个签，远非轻 而易举。你常听我说，只要成功，报偿相当可观，我这么说，也是因为 成功的人太少了，所以回报才大。许多人半途而废，他们在绝望失意 中，并没有意识到自己已经拥有达到成功的一切条件。有些人面对困 难，畏缩不前，如临大敌，殊不知，这些绊脚石正是他们的朋友，他们 的助手。困难是成功的前提，因为推销和其他行业一样，胜利是在多次 失败之后才姗姗而来。每一次的失败和奋斗，都能使你的技艺更精湛， 思想更成熟，磨炼你的本领和耐力，增加你的勇气和信心。这样，困难 就成了你的伙伴，发人自省，迫人向上。只要永不放弃，持之以恒，每 次挫折，都是你进步的机会。如果你逃避退缩，那就等于自毁前途。\n还有，你正走向世界上最孤独的行业。即便是受人轻视的税 吏，夕阳西下时，还有家可归。那些罗马士兵，天黑以后也有营舍为 家。但是你以后会眼睁睁地看着太阳落山，远离亲友，无处藏身，看着 别人合家欢聚，共享天伦，你别无选择，只能穿越万家灯火，匆匆赶 路。世上没有比这些更能让人触景生情，心碎意沉的了。\n倍感寂寞的时候，诱惑就来了，”柏萨罗继续说着，“如何应对这 些诱惑，关系到你的事业和前途。当你独自赶路，伴着你的只有一匹骆 驼时，你会感到陌生而可怕。那种时候，我们常常会暂时忘了一切，忘 了前途，忘了身份，变得像小孩子一样，渴望安全，渴望一份属于自己 的爱。许多人熬不住，半途而废，另寻寄托。而事实上，他们都具有潜 力，可以成为一流的推销员。还有，当你的货推销不出去的时候，没有 人会谅解你，安慰你。人们只会趁你不注意的时候，拿走你的钱袋。”\n只要决心成功，失败永远不会把我击垮。 Failure will never overtake you if your determination to succeed is strong enough.\n第八章 羊皮卷之一 今天，我开始新的生活。 今天，我爬出满是失败创伤的老茧。 今天，我重新来到这个世上，我出生在葡萄园中，园内的葡萄任人 享用。 今天，我要从最高最密的藤上摘下智慧的果实，这葡萄藤是好几代 前的智者种下的。 今天，我要品尝葡萄的美味，还要吞下每一粒成功的种子，让新生 命在我心里萌芽。 我选择的道路充满机遇，也有辛酸与绝望。失败的同伴数不胜数， 叠在一起，比金字塔还高。 然而，我不会像他们一样失败，因为我手中持有航海图，可以领我 越过汹涌的大海，抵达梦中的彼岸。 失败不再是我奋斗的代价。它和痛苦都将从我的生命中消失。失败 和我，就像水火一样，互不相容。我不再像过去一样接受它们。我要在 智慧的指引下，走出失败的阴影，步入富足、健康、快乐的乐园，这些 都超出了我以往的梦想。 我要是能长生不老，就可以学到一切，但我不能永生，所以，在有 限的人生里，我必须学会忍耐的艺术，因为大自然的行为一向是从容不 迫的。造物主创造树中之王橄榄树需要一百年的时间，而洋葱经过短短 的九个星期就会枯老。我不留恋从前那种洋葱式的生活，我要成为万树 之王——橄榄树，成为现实生活中最伟大的推销员。 怎么可能？我既没有渊博的知识，又没有丰富的经验，况且，我曾 一度跌入愚昧与自怜的深渊。答案很简单：我不会让所谓的知识或者经 验妨碍我的行程。造物主已经赐予我足够的知识和本能，这份天赋是其 他生物望尘莫及的。经验的价值往往被高估了，人老的时候开口讲的多 是糊涂话。 说实在的，经验确实能教给我们很多东西，只是这需要花费太长的 时间。等到人们获得智慧的时候，其价值已随着时间的消逝而减少了。 结果往往是这样，经验丰富了，人也余生无多。经验和时尚有关，适合 某一时代的行为，并不意味着在今天仍然行得通。 只有原则是持久的，而我现在正拥有了这些原则。这些可以指引我 走向成功的原则全写在这几张羊皮卷里。它教我如何避免失败，而不只 是获得成功，因为成功更是一种精神状态。人们对于成功的定义，见仁 见智，而失败却往往只有一种解释：失败就是一个人没能达到他的人生 目标，不论这些目标是什么。 事实上，成功与失败的最大分野，来自不同的习惯。好习惯是开启 成功的钥匙，坏习惯则是一扇向失败敞开的门。因此，我首先要做的便 是养成良好的习惯，全心全意去实行。 小时候，我常会感情用事，长大成人了，我要用良好的习惯代替一 时的冲动。我的自由意志屈服于多年养成的恶习，它们威胁着我的前 途。我的行为受到品味、情感、偏见、欲望、爱、恐惧、环境和习惯的 影响，其中最厉害的就是习惯。因此，如果我必须受习惯支配的话，那 就让我受好习惯的支配。那些坏习惯必须戒除，我要在新的田地里播种 好的种子。 我要养成良好习惯，全心全意去实行。 这不是轻而易举的事情，要怎样才能做到呢？靠这些羊皮卷就能做 到。因为每一卷里都写着一个原则，可以摒除一项坏习惯，换取一个好 习惯，使人进步，走向成功。这也是自然法则之一，只有一种习惯才能 抑制另一种习惯。所以，为了走好我选择的道路，我必须养成的第一个 习惯是： 每张羊皮卷用三十天的时间阅读，然后再进入下一卷。 清晨即起，默默诵读；午饭之后，再次默读；夜晚睡前，高声朗 读。 第二天的情形完全一样。这样重复三十天后，就可以打开下一卷 了。每卷都依照同样的方法读上三十天，久而久之，它们就成为一种习 惯了。 这些习惯有什么好处呢？这里隐含着人类成功的秘诀。当我每天重 复这些话的时候，它们成了我精神活动的一部分，更重要的是，它们渗 入我的心灵。那是个神秘的世界，永不静止，创造梦境，在不知不觉中 影响我的行为。 当这些羊皮卷上的文字，被我奇妙的心灵完全吸收之后，我每天都 会充满活力地醒来。我从来没有这样精力充沛过。我更有活力，更有热 情，要向世界挑战的欲望克服了一切恐惧与不安。在这个充满争斗和悲 伤的世界里，我竟然比以前更快活。 最后，我会发现自己有了应付一切情况的办法。不久，这些办法就 能运用自如。因为，任何方法，只要多练习，就会变得简单易行。 经过多次重复，一种看似复杂的行为就变得轻而易举，实行起来， 就会有无限的乐趣，有了乐趣，出于人之天性，我就更乐意常去实行。 于是，一种好的习惯便诞生了，习惯成为自然。既是一种好的习惯，也 就是我的意愿。 今天，我开始新的生活。 我郑重地发誓，决不让任何事情妨碍我新生命的成长。在阅读这些 羊皮卷的时候，我决不浪费一天的时间，因为时光一去不返，失去的日 子是无法弥补的。我也决不打破每天阅读的习惯。事实上，每天在这些 新习惯上花费少许时间，相对于可能获得的快乐与成功而言，只是微不 足道的代价。 当我阅读羊皮卷中的字句时，决不能因为文字的精炼而忽视内容的 深沉。一瓶葡萄美酒需要千百颗果子酿制而成，果皮和渣子抛给小鸟。 葡萄的智慧代代相传，有些被过滤，有些被淘汰，随风飘逝。只有纯正 的真理才是永恒的。它们就精炼在我要阅读的文字中。我要依照指示， 决不浪费，饮下成功的种子。 今天，我的老茧化为尘埃。我在人群中昂首阔步，不会有人认出我 来，因为我不再是过去的自己，我已拥有新的生命。\nChapter Eight The Scroll Marked I Today I begin a new life.\nToday I shed my old skin which hath, too long, suffered the bruises of failure and the wounds of mediocrity.\nToday I am born anew and my birthplace is a vineyard where there is fruit for all.\nToday I will pluck grapes of wisdom from the tallest and fullest vines in the vineyard, for these were planted by the wisest of my profession who have come before me, generation upon generation.\nToday I will savor the taste of grapes from these vines and verily I will swallow the seed of success buried in each and new life will sprout within me.\nThe career I have chosen is laden with opportunity yet it is fraught with heartbreak and despair and the bodies of those who have failed, were they piled one atop another, would cast a shadow down upon all the pyramids of the earth.\nYet I will not fail, as the others, for in my hands I now hold the charts which will guide me through perilous waters to shores which only yesterday seemed but a dream.\nFailure no longer will be my payment for struggle. Just as nature made no provision for my body to tolerate pain neither has it made any provision for my life to suffer failure. Failure, like pain, is alien to my life. In the past I accepted it as I accepted pain. Now I reject it and I am prepared for wisdom and principles which will guide me out of the shadows into the sunlight of wealth, position, and happiness far beyond my most extravagant dreams until even the golden apples in the Garden of Hesperides will seem no more than my just reward.\nTime teaches all things to him who lives forever but I have not the luxury of eternity. Yet, within my allotted time I must practice the art of patience for nature acts never in haste. To create the olive, king of all trees, a hundred years is required. An onion plant is old in nine weeks. I have lived as an onion plant. It has not pleased me. Now I wouldst become the greatest of olive trees and, in truth, the greatest of salesmen.\nAnd how will this be accomplished? For I have neither the knowledge nor the experience to achieve greatness and already I have stumbled in ignorance and fallen into pools of self-pity. The answer is simple. I will commence my journey unencumbered with either the weight of unnecessary knowledge or the handicap of meaningless experience. Nature already has supplied me with knowledge and instinct far greater than any beast in the forest and the value of experience is overrated, usually by old men who nod wisely and speak stupidly.\nIn truth, experience teaches thoroughly yet her course of instruction devours men’s years so the value of her lessons diminishes with the time necessary to acquire her special wisdom. The end finds it wasted on dead men. Furthermore, experience is comparable to fashion; an action that proved successful today will be unworkable and impractical tomorrow.\nOnly principles endure and these I now possess, for the laws that will lead me to greatness are contained in the words of these scrolls. What they will teach me is more to prevent failure than to gain success, for what is success other than a state of mind? Which two, among a thousand wise men, will define success in the same words; yet failure is always described but one way. Failure is man’s inability to reach his goals in life, whatever they may be.\nIn truth, the only difference between those who have failed and those who have succeeded lies in the difference of their habits. Good habits are the key to all success. Bad habits are the unlocked door to failure. Thus, the first law I will obey, which precedeth all others is—I will form good habits and become their slave.\nAs a child I was slave to my impulses; now I am slave to my habits, as are all grown men. I have surrendered my free will to the years of accumulated habits and the past deeds of my life have already marked out a path which threatens to imprison my future. My actions are ruled by appetite, passion, prejudice, greed, love, fear, environment, habit, and the worst of these tyrants is habit. Therefore, if I must be a slave to habit let me be a slave to good habits. My bad habits must be destroyed and new furrows prepared for good seed.\nI will form good habits and become their slave.\nAnd how will I accomplish this difficult feat? Through these scrolls, it will be done, for each scroll contains a principle which will drive a bad habit from my life and replace it with one which will bring me closer to success. For it is another of nature’s laws that only a habit can subdue another habit. So, in order for these written words to perform their chosen task, I must discipline myself with the first of my new habits which is as follows:\nI will read each scroll for thirty days in this prescribed manner, before I proceed to the next scroll.\nFirst, I will read the words in silence when I arise. Then, I will read the words in silence after I have partaken of my midday meal. Last, I will read the words again just before I retire at day’s end, and most important, on this occasion I will read the words aloud.\nOn the next day I will repeat this procedure, and I will continue in like manner for thirty days. Then, I will turn to the next scroll and repeat this procedure for another thirty days. I will continue in this manner until I have lived with each scroll for thirty days and my reading has become habit\nAnd what will be accomplished with this habit? Herein lies the hidden secret of all man’s accomplishments. As I repeat the words daily they will soon become a part of my active mind, but more important, they will also seep into my other mind, that mysterious source which never sleeps, which creates my dreams, and often makes me act in ways I do not comprehend.\nAs the words of these scrolls are consumed by my mysterious mind I will begin to awake, each morning, with a vitality I have never known before. My vigor will increase, my enthusiasm will rise, my desire to meet the world will overcome every fear I once knew at sunrise, and I will be happier than I ever believed it possible to be in this world of strife and sorrow.\nEventually I will find myself reacting to all situations which confront me as I was commanded in the scrolls to react, and soon these actions and reactions will become easy to perform, for any act with practice becomes easy.\nThus a new and good habit is born, for when an act becomes easy through constant repetition it becomes a pleasure to perform and if it is a pleasure to perform it is man’s nature to perform it often. When I perform it often it becomes a habit and I become its slave and since it is a good habit this is my will.\nToday I begin a new life.\nAnd I make a solemn oath to myself that nothing will retard my new life’s growth. I will lose not a day from these readings for that day cannot be retrieved nor can I substitute another for it. I must not, I will not, break this habit of daily reading from these scrolls and, in truth, the few moments spent each day on this new habit are but a small price to pay for the happiness and success that will be mine.\nAs I read and re-read the words in the scrolls to follow, never will I allow the brevity of each scroll nor the simplicity of its words to cause me to treat the scroll’s message lightly. Thousands of grapes are pressed to fill one jar with wine, and the grapeskin and pulp are tossed to the birds. So it is with these grapes of wisdom from the ages. Much has been filtered and tossed to the wind. Only the pure truth lies distilled in the words to come. I will drink as instructed and spill not a drop. And the seed of success I will swallow.\nToday my old skin has become as dust. I will walk tall among men and they will know me not, for today I am a new man, with a new life.\n第九章 羊皮卷之二 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 因为，这是一切成功的最大秘密。强力能够劈开一块盾牌，甚至毁 灭生命，但是只有爱才具有无与伦比的力量，使人们敞开心扉。在掌握 了爱的艺术之前，我只算商场上的无名小卒。我要让爱成为我最大的武 器，没有人能抵挡它的威力。 我的理论，他们也许反对；我的言谈，他们也许怀疑；我的穿着， 他们也许不赞成；我的长相，他们也许不喜欢；甚至我廉价出售的商品 都可能使他们将信将疑，然而我的爱心一定能温暖他们，就像太阳的光 芒能溶化冰冷的冻土。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 我该怎样做呢？从今往后，我对一切都要满怀爱心，这样才能获得 新生。我爱太阳，它温暖我的身体；我爱雨水，它洗净我的灵魂；我爱 光明，它为我指引道路；我也爱黑夜，它让我看到星辰。我迎接快乐， 它使我心胸开阔；我忍受悲伤，它升华我的灵魂；我接受报酬，因为我 为此付出汗水；我不怕困难，因为它们给我挑战。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 我该怎样说呢？我赞美敌人，敌人于是成为朋友；我鼓励朋友，朋 友于是成为手足。我要常想理由赞美别人，决不搬弄是非，道人长短。 想要批评人时，咬住舌头；想要赞美人时，高声表达。 飞鸟，清风，海浪，自然界的万物不都在用美妙动听的歌声赞美造 物主吗？我也要用同样的歌声赞美她的儿女。从今往后，我要记住这个 秘密。它将改变我的生活。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 我该怎样行动呢？我要爱每个人的言谈举止，因为人人都有值得钦 佩的性格，虽然有时不易察觉。我要用爱摧毁困住人们心灵的高墙，那 充满怀疑与仇恨的围墙。我要铺一座通向人们心灵的桥梁。 我爱雄心勃勃的人，他们给我灵感；我爱失败的人，他们给我教 训；我爱王侯将相，因为他们也是凡人；我爱谦恭之人，因为他们非 凡；我爱富人，因为他们孤独；我爱穷人，因为穷人太多了；我爱少 年，因为他们真诚；我爱长者，因为他们有智慧；我爱美丽的人，因为 他们眼中流露着凄迷；我爱丑陋的人，因为他们有颗宁静的心。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 我该怎样回应他人的行为呢？用爱心。爱是我打开人们心扉的钥 匙，也是我抵挡仇恨之箭与愤怒之矛的盾牌。爱使挫折变得如春雨般温 和，它是我商场上的护身符：孤独时，给我支持；绝望时，使我振作； 狂喜时，让我平静。这种爱心会一天天加强，越发具有保护力，直到有 一天，我可以自然地面对芸芸众生，处之泰然。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 我该怎样面对遇到的每一个人呢？只有一种办法，我要在心里默默 地为他祝福。这无言的爱会闪现在我的眼神里，流露在我的眉宇间，让 我嘴角挂上微笑，在我的声音里响起共鸣。在这无声的爱意里，他的心 扉向我敞开了。他不再拒绝我推销的货物。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 最主要的，我要爱自己。只有这样，我才会认真检查进入我的身 体、思想、精神、头脑、灵魂、心怀的一切东西。我决不放纵肉体的需 求，我要用清洁与节制来珍惜我的身体。我决不让头脑受到邪恶与绝望 的引诱，我要用智慧和知识使之升华。我决不让灵魂陷入自满的状态， 我要用沉思和祈祷来滋润它。我决不让心怀狭窄，我要与人分享，使它 成长，温暖整个世界。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。 从今往后，我要爱所有的人。仇恨将从我的血管中流走。我没有时 间去恨，只有时间去爱。现在，我迈出成为一个优秀的人的第一步。有 了爱，我将成为伟大的推销员，即使才疏智浅，也能以爱心获得成功； 相反地，如果没有爱，即使博学多识，也终将失败。 我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。\nChapter Nine The Scroll Marked II I will greet this day with love in my heart.\nFor this is the greatest secret of success in all ventures. Muscle can split a shield and even destroy life but only the unseen power of love can open the hearts of men and until I master this art I will remain no more than a peddler in the market place. I will make love my greatest weapon and none on whom I call can defend against its force.\nMy reasoning they may counter; my speech they may distrust; my apparel they may disapprove; my face they may reject; and even my bargains may cause them suspicion; yet my love will melt all hearts liken to the sun whose rays soften the coldest clay.\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nAnd how will I do this? Henceforth will I look on all things with love and I will be born again. I will love the sun for it warms my bones; yet I will love the rain for it cleanses my spirit. I will love the light for it shows me the way; yet I will love the darkness for it shows me the stars. I will welcome happiness for it enlarges my heart; yet I will endure sadness for it opens my soul. I will acknowledge rewards for they are my due; yet I will welcome obstacles for they are my challenge.\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nAnd how will I speak? I will laud mine enemies and they will become friends; I will encourage my friends and they will become brothers. Always will I dig for reasons to applaud; never will I scratch for excuses to gossip. When I am tempted to criticize I will bite on my tongue; when I am moved to praise I will shout from the roofs.\nIs it not so that birds, the wind, the sea and all nature speaks with the music of praise for their creator? Cannot I speak with the same music to his children? Henceforth will I remember this secret and it will change my life.\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nAnd how will I act? I will love all manners of men for each has qualities to be admired even though they be hidden. With love I will tear down the wall of suspicion and hate which they have built round their hearts and in its place will I build bridges so that my love may enter their souls.\nI will love the ambitious for they can inspire me! I will love the failures for they can teach me. I will love the kings for they are but human; I will love the meek for they are divine. I will love the rich for they are yet lonely; I will love the poor for they are so many. I will love the young for the faith they hold; I will love the old for the wisdom they share. I will love the beautiful for their eyes of sadness; I will love the ugly for their souls of peace.\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nBut how will I react to the actions of others? With love. For just as love is my weapon to open the hearts of men, love is also my shield to repulse the arrows of hate and the spears of anger. Adversity and discouragement will beat against my new shield and become as the softest of rains. My shield will protect me in the market place and sustain me when I am alone. It will uplift me in moments of despair yet it will calm me in time of exultation. It will become stronger and more protective with use until one day I will cast it aside and walk unencumbered among all manners of men and, when I do, my name will be raised high on the pyramid of life.\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nAnd how will I confront each whom I meet? In only one way. In silence and to myself I will address him and say I Love You. Though spoken in silence these words will shine in my eyes, unwrinkle my brow, bring a smile to my lips, and echo in my voice; and his heart will be opened. And who is there who will say nay to my goods when his heart feels my love?\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nAnd most of all I will love myself. For when I do I will zealously inspect all things which enter my body, my mind, my soul, and my heart. Never will I overindulge the requests of my flesh, rather I will cherish my body with cleanliness and moderation. Never will I allow my mind to be attracted to evil and despair, rather I will uplift it with the knowledge and wisdom of the ages. Never will I allow my soul to become complacent and satisfied, rather I will feed it with meditation and prayer. Never will I allow my heart to become small and bitter, rather I will share it and it will grow and warm the earth.\nI will greet this day with love in my heart.\nHenceforth will I love all mankind. From this moment all hate is let from my veins for I have not time to hate, only time to love. From this moment I take the first step required to become a man among men. With love I will increase my sales a hundredfold and become a great salesman. If I have no other qualities I can succeed with love alone. Without it I will fail though I possess all the knowledge and skills of the world.\nI will greet this day with love, and I will succeed.\n第十章 羊皮卷之三 坚持不懈，直到成功。 在古老的东方，挑选小公牛到竞技场格斗有一定的程序。它们被带 进场地，向手持长矛的斗士攻击，裁判以它受戳后再向斗牛士进攻的次 数多寡来评定这只公牛的勇敢程度。从今往后，我须承认，我的生命每 天都在接受类似的考验。如果我坚忍不拔，勇往直前，迎接挑战，那么 我一定会成功。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 我不是为了失败才来到这个世界上的，我的血管里也没有失败的血 液在流动。我不是任人鞭打的羔羊，我是猛狮，不与羊群为伍。我不想 听失意者的哭泣，抱怨者的牢骚，这是羊群中的瘟疫，我不能被它传 染。失败者的屠宰场不是我命运的归宿。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 生命的奖赏远在旅途终点，而非起点附近。我不知道要走多少步才 能达到目标，踏上第一千步的时候，仍然可能遭到失败。但成功就藏在 拐角后面，除非拐了弯，我永远不知道还有多远。 再前进一步，如果没有用，就再向前一点。事实上，每次进步一点 点并不太难。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 从今往后，我承认每天的奋斗就像对参天大树的一次砍击，头几刀 可能了无痕迹。每一击看似微不足道，然而，累积起来，巨树终会倒 下。这恰如我今天的努力。 就像冲洗高山的雨滴，吞噬猛虎的蚂蚁，照亮大地的星辰，建起金 字塔的奴隶，我也要一砖一瓦地建造起自己的城堡，因为我深知水滴石 穿的道理，只要持之以恒，什么都可以做到。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 我决不考虑失败，我的字典里不再有放弃、不可能、办不到、没法 子、成问题、失败、行不通、没希望、退缩……这类愚蠢的字眼。我要 尽量避免绝望，一旦受到它的威胁，立即想方设法向它挑战。我要辛勤 耕耘，忍受苦楚。我放眼未来，勇往直前，不再理会脚下的障碍。我坚 信，沙漠尽头必是绿洲。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 我要牢牢记住古老的平衡法则，鼓励自己坚持下去，因为每一次的 失败都会增加下一次成功的机会；这一次的拒绝就是下一次的赞同；这 一次皱起眉头就是下一次舒展的笑容；今天的不幸，往往预示着明天的 好运。夜幕降临，回想一天的遭遇，我总是心存感激。我深知，只有失 败多次，才能成功。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 我要尝试，尝试，再尝试。障碍是我成功路上的弯路，我迎接这项 挑战。我要像水手一样，乘风破浪。 坚持不懈，直到成功。 从今往后，我要借鉴别人成功的秘诀。过去的是非成败，我全不计 较，只抱定信念，明天会更好。当我精疲力竭时，我要抵制回家的诱 惑，再试一次。我一试再试，争取每一天的成功，避免以失败收场。我 要为明天的成功播种，超过那些按部就班的人。在别人停滞不前时，我 继续拼搏，终有一天我会丰收。 我不因昨日的成功而满足，因为这是失败的先兆。我要忘却昨日的 一切，是好是坏，都让它随风而去。我信心百倍，迎接新的太阳，相 信“今天是此生最好的一天”。 只要我一息尚存，就要坚持到底，因为我已深知成功的秘诀： 坚持不懈，终会成功。\nChapter Ten The Scroll Marked III I will persist until I succeed.\nIn the Orient young bulls are tested for the fight arena in a certain manner. Each is brought to the ring and allowed to attack a picador who pricks them with a lance. The bravery of each bull is then rated with care according to the number of times he demonstrates his willingness to charge in spite of the sting of the blade. Henceforth will I recognize that each day I am tested by life in like manner. If I persist, if I continue to try, if I continue to charge forward, I will succeed.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nI was not delivered unto this world in defeat, nor does failure course in my veins. I am not a sheep waiting to be prodded by my shepherd. I am a lion and I refuse to talk, to walk, to sleep with the sheep. I will hear not those who weep and complain, for their disease is contagious. Let them join the sheep. The slaughterhouse of failure is not my destiny.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nThe prizes of life are at the end of each journey, not near the beginning; and it is not given to me to know how many steps are necessary in order to reach my goal. Failure I may still encounter at the thousandth step, yet success hides behind the next bend in the road. Never will I know how close it lies unless I turn the corner.\nAlways will I take another step. If that is of no avail I will take another, and yet another. In truth, one step at a time is not too difficult.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nHenceforth, I will consider each day’s effort as but one blow of my blade against a mighty oak. The first blow may cause not a tremor in the wood, nor the second, nor the third. Each blow, of itself, may be trifling, and seem of no consequence. Yet from childish swipes the oak will eventually tumble. So it will be with my efforts of today.\nI will be liken to the rain drop which washes away the mountain; the ant who devours a tiger; the star which brightens the earth; the slave who builds a pyramid. I will build my castle one brick at a time for I know that small attempts, repeated, will complete any undertaking.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nI will never consider defeat and I will remove from my vocabulary such words and phrases as quit, cannot, unable, impossible, out of the question, improbable, failure, unworkable, hopeless, and retreat; for they are the words of fools. I will avoid despair but if this disease of the mind should infect me then I will work on in despair. I will toil and I will endure. I will ignore the obstacles at my feet and keep mine eyes on the goals above my head, for I know that where dry desert ends, green grass grows.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nI will remember the ancient law of averages and I will bend it to my good. I will persist with knowledge that each failure to sell will increase my chance for success at the next attempt. Each nay I hear will bring me closer to the sound of yea. Each frown I meet only prepares me for the smile to come. Each misfortune I encounter will carry in it the seed of tomorrow’s good luck. I must have the night to appreciate the day. I must fail often to succeed only once.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nI will try, and try, and try again. Each obstacle I will consider as a mere detour to my goal and a challenge to my profession. I will persist and develop my skills as the mariner develops his, by learning to ride out the wrath of each storm.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nHenceforth, I will learn and apply another secret of those who excel in my work. When each day is ended, not regarding whether it has been a success or a failure, I will attempt to achieve one more sale. When my thoughts beckon my tired body homeward I will resist the temptation to depart. I will try again. I will make one more attempt to close with victory, and if that fails I will make another. Never will I allow any day to end with a failure. Thus will I plant the seed of tomorrow’s success and gain an insurmountable advantage over those who cease their labor at a prescribed time. When others cease their struggle, then mine will begin, and my harvest will be full.\nI will persist until I succeed.\nNor will I allow yesterday’s success to lull me into today’s complacency, for this is the great foundation of failure. I will forget the happenings of the day that is gone, whether they were good or bad, and greet the new sun with confidence that this will be the best day of my life.\nSo long as there is breath in me, that long will I persist. For now I know one of the greatest principles of success; if I persist long enough I will win.\nI will persist.\nI will win.\n第十一章 羊皮卷之四 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 自从上帝创造了天地万物以来，没有一个人和我一样，我的头脑、 心灵、眼睛、耳朵、双手、头发、嘴唇都是与众不同的。言谈举止和我 完全一样的人以前没有，现在没有，以后也不会有。虽然四海之内皆兄 弟，然而人人各异。我是独一无二的造化。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 我不可能像动物一样容易满足，我心中燃烧着代代相传的火焰，它 激励我超越自己，我要使这团火燃得更旺，向世界宣布我的出类拔萃。 没有人能模仿我的笔迹，我的商标，我的成果，我的推销能力。从 今往后，我要使自己的个性充分发展，因为这是我得以成功的一大资 本。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 我不再徒劳地模仿别人，而要展示自己的个性。我不但要宣扬它， 还要推销它。我要学会去同存异，强调自己与众不同之处，回避人所共 有的通性，并且要把这种原则运用到商品上。推销员和货物，两者皆独 树一帜，我为此而自豪。 我是独一无二的奇迹。 物以稀为贵。我独行特立，因而身价百倍。我是千万年进化的终端 产物，头脑和身体都超过以往的帝王与智者。 但是，我的技艺，我的头脑，我的心灵，我的身体，若不善加利 用，都将随着时间的流逝而迟钝，腐朽，甚至死亡。我的潜力无穷无 尽，脑力、体能稍加开发，就能超过以往的任何成就。从今天开始，我 就要开发潜力。 我不再因昨日的成绩沾沾自喜，不再为微不足道的成绩自吹自擂。 我能做的比已经完成的更好。我的出生并非最后一样奇迹，为什么自己 不能再创造奇迹呢？ 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 我不是随意来到这个世上的。我生来应为高山，而非草芥。从今往 后，我要竭尽全力成为群峰之巅，将我的潜能发挥到最大限度。 我要吸取前人的经验，了解自己以及手中的货物，这样才能成倍地 增加销量。我要字斟句酌，反复推敲推销时用的语言，因为这是成就事 业的关键。我决不忘记，许多成功的商人，其实只有一套说词，却能使 他们无往不利。我也要不断改进自己的仪态和风度，因为这是吸引别人 的美德。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 我要专心致志对抗眼前的挑战，我的行动会使我忘却其他一切，不 让家事缠身。身在商场，不可恋家，否则那会使我思想混沌；另一方 面，当我与家人同处时，一定得把工作留在门外，否则会使家人感到冷 落。 商场上没有一块属于家人的地方，同样，家中也没有谈论商务的地 方，这两者必须截然分开，否则就会顾此失彼，这是很多人难以走出的 误区。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 我有双眼，可以观察；我有头脑，可以思考。现在我已洞悉了一个 人生中伟大的奥秘。我发现，一切问题、沮丧、悲伤，都是乔装打扮的 机遇之神。我不再被他们的外表所蒙骗，我已睁开双眼，看破了他们的 伪装。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 飞禽走兽、花草树木、风雨山石、河流湖泊，都没有像我一样的起 源，我孕育在爱中，肩负使命而生。过去我忽略了这个事实，从今往 后，它将塑造我的性格，引导我的人生。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。 自然界不知何谓失败，终以胜利者的姿态出现，我也要如此，因为 成功一旦降临，就会再度光顾。 我会成功，我会成为伟大的推销员，因为我举世无双。 我是自然界最伟大的奇迹。\nChapter Eleven The Scroll Marked IV I am nature’s greatest miracle.\nSince the beginning of time never has there been another with my mind, my heart, my eyes, my ears, my hands, my hair, my mouth. None that came before, none that live today, and none that come tomorrow can walk and talk and move and think exactly like me. All men are my brothers yet I am different from each. I am a unique creature.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nAlthough I am of the animal kingdom, animal rewards alone will not satisfy me. Within me burns a flame which has been passed from generations uncounted and its heat is a constant irritation to my spirit to become better than I am, and I will. I will fan this flame of dissatisfaction and proclaim my uniqueness to the world.\nNone can duplicate my brush strokes, none can make my chisel marks, none can duplicate my handwriting, none can produce my child, and, in truth, none has the ability to sell exactly as I. Henceforth, I will capitalize on this difference for it is an asset to be promoted to the fullest.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nVain attempts to imitate others no longer will I make. Instead will I place my uniqueness on display in the market place. I will proclaim it, yea, I will sell it. I will begin now to accent my differences; hide my similarities. So too will I apply this principle to the goods I sell. Salesman and goods, different from all others, and proud of the difference.\nI am a unique creature of nature.\nI am rare, and there is value in all rarity; therefore, I am valuable. I am the end product of thousands of years of evolution; therefore, I am better equipped in both mind and body than all the emperors and wise men who preceded me.\nBut my skills, my mind, my heart, and my body will stagnate, rot, and die lest I put them to good use. I have unlimited potential. Only a small portion of my brain do I employ; only a paltry amount of my muscles do I flex. A hundredfold or more can I increase my accomplishments of yesterday and this I will do, beginning today.\nNevermore will I be satisfied with yesterday’s accomplishments nor will I indulge, anymore, in self-praise for deeds which in reality are too small to even acknowledge. I can accomplish far more than I have, and I will, for why should the miracle which produced me end with my birth? Why can I not extend that miracle to my deeds of today?\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nI am not on this earth by chance. I am here for a purpose and that purpose is to grow into a mountain, not to shrink to a grain of sand. Henceforth will I apply all my efforts to become the highest mountain of all and I will strain my potential until it cries for mercy.\nI will increase my knowledge of mankind, myself, and the goods I sell, thus my sales will multiply. I will practice, and improve, and polish the words I utter to sell my goods, for this is the foundation on which I will build my career and never will I forget that many have attained great wealth and success with only one sales talk, delivered with excellence. Also will I seek constantly to improve my manners and graces, for they are the sugar to which all are attracted.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nI will concentrate my energy on the challenge of the moment and my actions will help me forget all else. The problems of my home will be left in my home. I will think naught of my family when I am in the market place for this will cloud my thoughts. So too will the problems of the market place be left in the market place and I will think naught of my profession when I am in my home for this will dampen my love.\nThere is no room in the market place for my family, nor is there room in my home for the market. Each I will divorce from the other and thus will I remain wedded to both. Separate must they remain or my career will die. This is a paradox of the ages.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nI have been given eyes to see and a mind to think and now I know a great secret of life for I perceive, at last, that all my problems, discouragements, and heartaches are, in truth, great opportunities in disguise. I will no longer be fooled by the garments they wear for mine eyes are open. I will look beyond the cloth and I will not be deceived.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nNo beast, no plant, no wind, no rain, no rock, no lake had the same beginning as I, for I was conceived in love and brought forth with a purpose. In the past I have not considered this fact but it will henceforth shape and guide my life.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\nAnd nature knows not defeat. Eventually, she emerges victorious and so will I, and with each victory the next struggle becomes less difficult.\nI will win, and I will become a great salesman, for I am unique.\nI am nature’s greatest miracle.\n第十二章 羊皮卷之五 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 我要如何利用这最后、最宝贵的一天呢？首先，我要把一天的时间 珍藏好，不让一分一秒的时间滴漏。我不为昨日的不幸叹息，过去的已 够不幸，不要再赔上今日的运道。 时光会倒流吗？太阳会西升东落吗？我可以纠正昨天的错误吗？我 能抚平昨日的创伤吗？我能比昨天年轻吗？一句出口的恶言，一记挥出 的拳头，一切造成的伤痛，能收回吗？ 不能！过去的永远过去了，我不再去想它。 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 我该怎么办？忘记昨天，也不要痴想明天。明天是一个未知数，为 什么要把今天的精力浪费在未知的事上？想着明天的种种，今天的时光 也白白流逝了。企盼今早的太阳再次升起，太阳已经落山。走在今天的 路上，能做明天的事吗？我能把明天的金币放进今天的钱袋里吗？明日 瓜熟，今日能蒂落吗？明天的死亡能将今天的欢乐蒙上阴影吗？我能杞 人忧天吗？明天和昨天一样被我埋葬。我不再想它。 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 这是我仅有的一天，是现实的永恒。我像被赦免死刑的囚犯，用喜 悦的泪水拥抱新生的太阳。我举起双手，感谢这无与伦比的一天。当我 想到昨天和我一起迎接日出的朋友，今天已不复存在时，我为自己的幸 存，感激上苍。我是无比幸运的人，今天的时光是额外的奖赏。许多强 者都先我而去，为什么我得到这额外的一天？是不是因为他们已大功告 成，而我尚在途中跋涉？如果这样，这是不是成就我的一次机会，让我 功德圆满？造物主的安排是否别具匠心？今天是不是我超越他人的机 会？ 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 生命只有一次，而人生也不过是时间的累积。我若让今天的时光白 白流逝，就等于毁掉人生最后一页。因此，我珍惜今天的一分一秒，因 为它们将一去不复返。我无法把今天存入银行，明天再来取用。时间像 风一样不可捕捉。每一分一秒，我要用双手捧住，用爱心抚摸，因为它 们如此宝贵。垂死的人用毕生的钱财都无法换得一口生气。我无法计算 时间的价值，它们是无价之宝！ 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 我憎恨那些浪费时间的行为。我要摧毁拖延的习性。我要以真诚埋 葬怀疑，用信心驱赶恐惧。我不听闲话，不游手好闲，不与不务正业的 人来往。我终于醒悟到，若是懒惰，无异于从我所爱之人手中窃取食物 和衣裳。我不是贼，我有爱心，今天是我最后的机会，我要证明我的爱 心和伟大。 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 今日事今日毕。今天我要趁孩子还小的时候，多加爱护，明天他们 将离我而去，我也会离开；今天我要深情地拥抱我的妻子，给她甜蜜的 热吻，明天她会离去，我也是；今天我要帮助落难的朋友，明天他不再 求援，我也听不到他的哀求。我要乐于奉献，因为明天我无法给予，也 没有人来领受了。 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 如果这是我的末日，那么它就是不朽的纪念日。我把它当成最美好 的日子。我要把每分每秒化为甘露，一口一口，细细品尝，满怀感激。 我要每一分钟都有价值。我要加倍努力，直到精疲力竭。即使这样，我 还要继续努力。我要拜访更多的顾客，销售更多的货物，赚取更多的财 富。今天的每一分钟都胜过昨天的每一小时，最后的也是最好的。 假如今天是我生命中的最后一天。 如果不是的话，我要跪倒在上苍面前，深深致谢。\nChapter Twelve The Scroll Marked V I will live this day as if it is my last.\nAnd what shall I do with this last precious day which remains in my keeping? First, I will seal up its container of life so that not one drop spills itself upon the sand. I will waste not a moment mourning yesterdays misfortunes, yesterday’s defeats, yesterday’s aches of the heart, for why should I throw good after bad?\nCan sand flow upward in the hour glass? Will the sun rise where it sets and set where it rises? Can I relive the errors of yesterday and right them? Can I call back yesterday’s wounds and make them whole? Can I become younger than yesterday? Can I take back the evil that was spoken, the blows that were struck, the pain that was caused? No. Yesterday is buried forever and I will think of it no more.\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nAnd what then shall I do? Forgetting yesterday neither will I think of tomorrow. Why should I throw now after maybe? Can tomorrow’s sand flow through the glass before today’s? Will the sun rise twice this morning? Can I perform tomorrow’s deeds while standing in today’s path? Can I place tomorrow’s gold in today’s purse? Can tomorrow’s child be born today? Can tomorrow’s death cast its shadow backward and darken today’s joy? Should I concern myself over events which I may never witness? Should I torment myself with problems that may never come to pass? No! Tomorrow lies buried with yesterday, and I will think of it no more.\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nThis day is all I have and these hours are now my eternity. I greet this sunrise with cries of joy as a prisoner who is reprieved from death. I lift mine arms with thanks for this priceless gift of a new day. So too, I will beat upon my heart with gratitude as I consider all who greeted yesterday’s sunrise who are no longer with the living today. I am indeed a fortunate man and today’s hours are but a bonus, undeserved. Why have I been allowed to live this extra day when others, far better than I, have departed? Is it that they have accomplished their purpose while mine is yet to be achieved? Is this another opportunity for me to become the man I know I can be? Is there a purpose in nature? Is this my day to excel?\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nI have but one life and life is naught but a measurement of time. When I waste one I destroy the other. If I waste today I destroy the last page of my life. Therefore, each hour of this day will I cherish for it can never return. It cannot be banked today to be withdrawn on the morrow, for who can trap the wind? Each minute of this day will I grasp with both hands and fondle with love for its value is beyond price. What dying man can purchase another breath though he willingly give all his gold? What price dare I place on the hours ahead? I will make them priceless!\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nI will avoid with fury the killers of time. Procrastination I will destroy with action; doubt I will bury under faith; fear I will dismember with confidence. Where there are idle mouths I will listen not; where there are idle hands I will linger not; where there are idle bodies I will visit not. Henceforth I know that to court idleness is to steal food, clothing, and warmth from those I love. I am not a thief. I am a man of love and today is my last chance to prove my love and my greatness.\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nThe duties of today I shall fulfill today. Today I shall fondle my children while they are young; tomorrow they will be gone, and so will I. Today I shall embrace my woman with sweet kisses; tomorrow she will be gone, and so will I. Today I shall lift up a friend in need; tomorrow he will no longer cry for help, nor will I hear his cries. Today I shall give myself in sacrifice and work; tomorrow I will have nothing to give, and there will be none to receive.\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nAnd if it is my last, it will be my greatest monument. This day I will make the best day of my life. This day I will drink every minute to its full. I will savor its taste and give thanks. I will maketh every hour count and each minute I will trade only for something of value. I will labor harder than ever before and push my muscles until they cry for relief, and then I will continue. I will make more calls than ever before. I will sell more goods than ever before. I will earn more gold than ever before. Each minute of today will be more fruitful than hours of yesterday. My last must be my best.\nI will live this day as if it is my last.\nAnd if it is not, I shall fall to my knees and give thanks.\n第十三章 羊皮卷之六 今天我要学会控制情绪。 潮起潮落，冬去春来，夏末秋至，日出日落，月圆月缺，雁来雁 往，花开花谢，草长瓜熟，自然界万物都在循环反复的变化中，我也不 例外，情绪会时好时坏。 今天我要学会控制情绪。 这是大自然的玩笑，很少有人窥破天机。每天我醒来时，不再有旧 日的心情。昨日的快乐变成今日的哀愁，今日的悲伤又转为明日的喜 悦。我心中像有一只轮子不停地转着，由乐而悲，由悲而喜，由喜而 忧。这就好比花儿的变化，今天绽放的喜悦也会变成凋谢时的绝望。但 是我要记住，正如今天枯败的花儿蕴藏着明天新生的种子，今天的悲伤 也预示着明天的快乐。 今天我要学会控制情绪。 我怎样才能控制情绪，以使每天卓有成效呢？除非我心平气和，否 则迎来的又将是失败的一天。花草树木，随着气候的变化而生长，但是 我为自己创造天气。我要学会用自己的心灵弥补气候的不足。如果我为 顾客带来风雨、忧郁、黑暗和悲观，那么他们也会报之风雨、忧郁、黑 暗和悲观，而他们什么也不会买。相反地，如果我为顾客献上欢乐、喜 悦、光明和笑声，他们也会报之以欢乐、喜悦、光明和笑声，我就能获 得销售上的丰收，赚取成仓的金币。 今天我要学会控制情绪。 我怎样才能控制情绪，让每天充满幸福和欢乐？我要学会这个千古 秘诀：弱者任思绪控制行为，强者让行为控制思绪。每天醒来当我被悲 伤、自怜、失败的情绪包围时，我就这样与之对抗： 沮丧时，我引吭高歌。 悲伤时，我开怀大笑。 病痛时，我加倍工作。 恐惧时，我勇往直前。 自卑时，我换上新装。 不安时，我提高嗓音。 穷困潦倒时，我想象未来的富有。 力不从心时，我回想过去的成功。 自轻自贱时，我想想自己的目标。 总之，今天我要学会控制自己的情绪。 从今往后，我明白了，只有低能者才会江郎才尽，我并非低能者， 我必须不断对抗那些企图摧垮我的力量。失望与悲伤一眼就会被识破， 而其他许多敌人是不易觉察的。他们往往面带微笑，招手而来，却随时 可能将我摧毁。对他们，我永远不能放松警惕。 自高自大时，我要追寻失败的记忆。 纵情享受时，我要记得挨饿的日子。 洋洋得意时，我要想想竞争的对手。 沾沾自喜时，不要忘了那忍辱的时刻。 自以为是时，看看自己能否让风驻步。 腰缠万贯时，想想那些食不果腹的人。 骄傲自满时，要想到自己怯懦的时候。 不可一世时，让我抬头，仰望群星。 今天我要学会控制情绪。 有了这项新本领，我也更能体察别人的情绪变化。我宽容怒气冲冲 的人，因为他尚未懂得控制自己的情绪，就可以忍受他的指责与辱骂， 因为我知道明天他会改变，重新变得随和。 我不再只凭一面之交来判断一个人，也不再因一时的怨恨与人绝 交，今天不肯花一分钱购买金篷马车的人，明天也许会用全部家当换取 树苗。知道了这个秘密，我可以获得极大的财富。 今天我要学会控制自己的情绪。 我从此领悟了人类情绪变化的奥秘。对于自己千变万化的个性，我 不再听之任之，我知道，只有积极主动地控制情绪，才能掌握自己的命 运。 我控制自己的命运，而我的命运就是成为世界上最伟大的推销员！ 我成为自己的主人。我由此而变得伟大。\nThirteen The Scroll Marked VI Today I will be master of my emotions.\nThe tides advance; the tides recede. Winter goes and summer comes. Summer wanes and the cold increases. The sun rises; the sun sets. The moon is full; the moon is black. The birds arrive; the birds depart. Flowers bloom; flowers fade. Seeds are sown; harvests are reaped. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a part of nature and so, like the tides, my moods will rise; my moods will fall.\nToday I will be master of my emotions.\nIt is one of nature’s tricks, little understood, that each day I awaken with moods that have changed from yesterday. Yesterday’s joy will become today’s sadness; yet today’s sadness will grow into tomorrow’s joy. Inside me is a wheel, constantly turning from sadness to joy, from exultation to depression, from happiness to melancholy. Like the flowers, today’s full bloom of joy will fade and wither into despondency, yet I will remember that as today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s bloom so, too, does today’s sadness carry the seed of tomorrow’s joy.\nToday I will be master of my emotions.\nAnd how will I master these emotions so that each day will be productive? For unless my mood is right the day will be a failure. Trees and plants depend on the weather to flourish but I make my own weather, yea I transport it with me. If I bring rain and gloom and darkness and pessimism to my customers then they will react with rain and gloom and darkness and pessimism and they will purchase naught. If I bring joy and enthusiasm and brightness and laughter to my customers they will react with joy and enthusiasm and brightness and laughter and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a granary of gold for me.\nToday I will be master of my emotions.\nAnd how will I master my emotions so that every day is a happy day, and a productive one? I will learn this secret of the ages: Weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions; strong is he who forces his actions to control his thoughts. Each day, when I awaken, I will follow this plan of battle before I am captured by the forces of sadness, self-pity and failure—\nIf I feel depressed I will sing.\nIf I feel sad I will laugh.\nIf I feel ill I will double my labor.\nIf I feel fear I will plunge ahead.\nIf I feel inferior I will wear new garments.\nIf I feel uncertain I will raise my voice.\nIf I feel poverty I will think of wealth to come.\nIf I feel incompetent I will remember past success.\nIf I feel insignificant I will remember my goals.\nToday I will be master of my emotions.\nHenceforth, I will know that only those with inferior ability can always be at their best, and I am not inferior. There will be days when I must constantly struggle against forces which would tear me down. Those such as despair and sadness are simple to recognize but there are others which approach with a smile and the hand of friendship and they can also destroy me. Against them, too, I must never relinquish control—\nIf I become overconfident I will recall my failures.\nIf I overindulge I will think of past hungers.\nIf I feel complacency I will remember my competition.\nIf I enjoy moments of greatness I will remember moments of shame.\nIf I feel all-powerful I will try to stop the wind.\nIf I attain great wealth I will remember one unfed mouth.\nIf I become overly proud I will remember a moment of weakness.\nIf I feel my skill is unmatched I will look at the stars.\nToday I will be master of my emotions.\nAnd with this new knowledge I will also understand and recognize the moods of him on whom I call. I will make allowances for his anger and irritation of today for he knows not the secret of controlling his mind. I can withstand his arrows and insults for now I know that tomorrow he will change and be a joy to approach.\nNo longer will I judge a man on one meeting; no longer will I fail to call again tomorrow on he who meets me with hate today. This day he will not buy gold chariots for a penny, yet tomorrow he would exchange his home for a tree. My knowledge of this secret will be my key to great wealth.\nToday I will be master of my emotions.\nHenceforth I will recognize and identify the mystery of moods in all mankind, and in me. From this moment I am prepared to control whatever personality awakes in me each day. I will master my moods through positive action and when I master my moods I will control my destiny.\nToday I control my destiny, and my destiny is to become the greatest salesman in the world!\nI will become master of myself.\nI will become great.\n第十四章 羊皮卷之七 我要笑遍世界。 只有人类才会笑。树木受伤时也会流“血”，禽兽也会因痛苦和饥饿 而哭嚎哀鸣，然而，只有我才具备笑的天赋，可以随时开怀大笑。从今 往后，我要培养笑的习惯。 笑有助于消化，笑能减轻压力，笑，是长寿的秘方。现在我终于掌 握了它。 我要笑遍世界。 我笑自己，因为自视甚高的人往往显得滑稽。千万不能跌进这个精 神陷阱。虽说我是造物主最伟大的奇迹，我不也是沧海一粟吗？我真的 知道自己从哪里来，到哪里去吗？我现在所关心的事情，十年后看来， 不会显得愚蠢吗？为什么我要让现在发生的微不足道的琐事烦扰我？在 这漫漫的历史长河中，能留下多少日落的记忆呢？ 我要笑遍世界。 当我受到别人的冒犯时，当我遇到不如意的事情时，我只会流泪诅 咒，却怎么笑得出来？有一句至理名言，我要反复练习，直到它们深入 我的骨髓，出口成言，让我永远保持良好的心境。这句话，传自远古时 代，它们将陪我渡过难关，使我的生活保持平衡。这句至理名言就是： 这一切都会过去。 我要笑遍世界。 世上种种到头来都会成为过去。心力衰竭时，我安慰自己，这一切 都会过去；当我因成功洋洋得意时，我提醒自己，这一切都会过去；穷 困潦倒时，我告诉自己，这一切都会过去；腰缠万贯时，我也告诉自 己，这一切都会过去。是的，昔日修筑金字塔的人早已作古，埋在冰冷 的石头下面，而金字塔有朝一日，也会埋在沙土下面。如果世上种种终 必成空，我又为何对今天的得失斤斤计较？ 我要笑遍世界。 我要用笑声点缀今天，我要用歌声照亮黑夜。我不再苦苦寻觅快 乐，我要在繁忙的工作中忘记悲伤。我要享受今天的快乐，它不像粮食 可以贮藏，更不似美酒越陈越香。我不是为将来而活。今天播种今天收 获。 我要笑遍世界。 笑声中，一切都显露本色。我笑自己的失败，它们将化为梦的云 彩；我笑自己的成功，它们回复本来面目；我笑邪恶，它们远我而去； 我笑善良，它们发扬光大。我要用我的笑容感染别人，虽然我的目的自 私，但这确是成功之道，因为皱起的眉头会让顾客弃我而去。 我要笑遍世界。 从今往后，我只因幸福而落泪，因为悲伤、悔恨、挫折的泪水在商 场上毫无价值，只有微笑可以换来财富，善言可以建起一座城堡。 我不再允许自己因为变得重要、聪明、体面、强大，而忘记如何嘲 笑自己和周围的一切。在这一点上，我要永远像小孩子一样，因为只有 做回小孩子，我才能尊敬别人；尊敬别人，我才不会自以为是。 我要笑遍世界。 只要我能笑，就永远不会贫穷。这也是天赋，我不再浪费它。只有 在笑声和快乐中，我才能真正体会到成功的滋味；只有在笑声和快乐 中，我才能享受到劳动的果实。如果不是这样的话，我会失败，因为快 乐是提味的美酒佳酿。要想享受成功，必须先有快乐，而笑声便是那伴 娘。 我要快乐。 我要成功。 我要成为世界上最伟大的推销员。\nChapter Fourteen The Scroll Marked VII I will laugh at the world.\nNo living creature can laugh except man. Trees may bleed when they are wounded, and beasts in the field will cry in pain and hunger, yet only I have the gift of laughter and it is mine to use whenever I choose. Henceforth I will cultivate the habit of laughter.\nI will smile and my digestion will improve; I will chuckle and my burdens will be lightened; I will laugh and my life will be lengthened for this is the great secret of long life and now it is mine.\nI will laugh at the world.\nAnd most of all, I will laugh at myself for man is most comical when he takes himself too seriously. Never will I fall into this trap of the mind. For though I be nature’s greatest miracle am I not still a mere grain tossed about by the winds of time? Do I truly know whence I came or whither I am bound? Will my concern for this day not seem foolish ten years hence? Why should I permit the petty happenings of today to disturb me? What can take place before this sun sets which will not seem insignificant in the river of centuries?\nI will laugh at the world.\nAnd how can I laugh when confronted with man or deed which offends me so as to bring forth my tears or my curses? Four words I will train myself to say until they become a habit so strong that immediately they will appear in my mind whenever good humor threatens to depart from me. These words, passed down from the ancients, will carry me through every adversity and maintain my life in balance. These four words are: This too shall pass.\nI will laugh at the world.\nFor all worldly things shall indeed pass. When I am heavy with heartache I shall console myself that this too shall pass; when I am puffed with success I shall warn myself that this too shall pass. When I am strangled in poverty I shall tell myself that this too shall pass; when I am burdened with wealth I shall tell myself that this too shall pass. Yea, verily, where is he who built the pyramid? Is he not buried within its stone? And will the pyramid, one day, not also be buried under sand? If all things shall pass why should I be of concern for today?\nI will laugh at the world.\nI will paint this day with laughter; I will frame this night in song. Never will I labor to be happy; rather will I remain too busy to be sad. I will enjoy today’s happiness today. It is not grain to be stored in a box. It is not wine to be saved in a jar. It cannot be saved for the morrow. It must be sown and reaped on the same day and this I will do, henceforth.\nI will laugh at the world.\nAnd with my laughter all things will be reduced to their proper size. I will laugh at my failures and they will vanish in clouds of new dreams; I will laugh at my successes and they will shrink to their true value. I will laugh at evil and it will die untasted; I will laugh at goodness and it will thrive and abound. Each day will be triumphant only when my smiles bring forth smiles from others and this I do in selfishness, for those on whom I frown are those who purchase not my goods.\nI will laugh at the world.\nHenceforth will I shed only tears of sweat, for those of sadness or remorse or frustration are of no value in the market place whilst each smile can be exchanged for gold and each kind word, spoken from my heart, can build a castle.\nNever will I allow myself to become so important, so wise, so dignified, so powerful, that I forget how to laugh at myself and my world. In this matter I will always remain as a child, for only as a child am I given the ability to look up to others; and so long as I look up to another I will never grow too long for my cot.\nI will laugh at the world.\nAnd so long as I can laugh never will I be poor. This, then, is one of nature’s greatest gifts, and I will waste it no more. Only with laughter and happiness can I truly become a success. Only with laughter and happiness can I enjoy the fruits of my labor. Were it not so, far better would it be to fail, for happiness is the wine that sharpens the taste of the meal. To enjoy success I must have happiness, and laughter will be the maiden who serves me.\nI will be happy.\nI will be successful.\nI will be the greatest salesman the world has ever known.\n第十五章 羊皮卷之八 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 桑叶在天才的手中变成了丝绸。 粘土在天才的手中变成了堡垒。 柏树在天才的手中变成了殿堂。 羊毛在天才的手中变成了袈裟。 如果桑叶、粘土、柏树、羊毛经过人的创造，可以成百上千倍地提 高自身的价值，那么我为什么不能使自己身价百倍呢？ 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 我的命运如同一颗麦粒，有着三种不同的道路。一颗麦粒可能被装 进麻袋，堆在货架上，等着喂猪；也可能被磨成面粉，做成面包；还可 能撒在土壤里，让它生长，直到金黄色的麦穗上结出成百上千颗麦粒。 我和一颗麦粒惟一的不同在于：麦粒无法选择是变得腐烂还是做成 面包，或是种植生长。而我有选择的自由，我不会让生命腐烂，也不会 让它在失败、绝望的岩石下磨碎，任人摆布。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 要想让麦粒生长、结实，必须把它种植在黑暗的泥土中，我的失 败、失望、无知、无能便是那黑暗的泥土，我须深深地扎在泥土中，等 待成熟。麦粒在阳光雨露的哺育下，终将发芽、开花、结实。同样，我 也要健全自己的身体和心灵，以实现自己的梦想。麦粒须等待大自然的 契机方能成熟，我却无须等待，因为我有选择自己命运的能力。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 怎样才能做到呢？首先，我要为每一天、每个星期、每个月、每一 年，甚至我的一生确立目标。正像种子需要雨水的滋润才能破土而出， 发芽长叶，我的生命也须有目标方能结出硕果。在制定目标的时候，不 妨参考过去最好的成绩，使其发扬光大。这必须成为我未来生活的目 标。永远不要担心目标过高。取法乎上，得其中也；取法乎中，得其下 也。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 高远的目标不会让我望而生畏，虽然在达到目标以前可能屡受挫 折。摔倒了，再爬起来，我不灰心，因为每个人在抵达目标前都会受到 挫折。只有小爬虫不必担心摔倒。我不是小爬虫，不是洋葱，不是绵 羊。我是一个人。让别人挖他们的粘土造洞穴吧，我只要造一座城堡。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 太阳温暖大地，麦粒吐穗结实。这些羊皮卷上的话也会照耀我的生 活，使梦想成真。今天我要超越昨日的成就。我要竭尽全力攀登今天的 高峰，明天更上一层楼。超越别人并不重要，超越自己才是最重要的。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 春风吹熟了麦穗，风声也将我的声音吹往那些愿意聆听者的耳畔。 我要宣告我的目标。君子一言，驷马难追。我要成为自己的预言家。虽 然大家可能嘲笑我的言辞，但会倾听我的计划，了解我的梦想，因此我 无处可逃，直到兑现了诺言。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 我不能放低目标。 我要做失败者不屑一顾的事。 我不停留在力所能及的事上。 我不满足于现有的成就。 目标达到后再定一个更高的目标。 我要努力使下一刻比此刻更好。 我要常常向世人宣告我的目标。 但是，我决不炫耀我的成绩。让世人来赞美我吧，但愿我能明智而 谦恭地接受它们。 今天我要加倍重视自己的价值。 一颗麦粒增加数倍以后，可以变成数千株麦苗，再把这些麦苗增加 数倍，如此数十次，它们可以供养世上所有的城市。难道我不如一颗麦 粒吗？ 当我完成这件事，我要再接再厉。当羊皮卷上的话在我身上实现 时，世人会惊叹我的伟大。\nChapter Fifteen The Scroll Marked VIII Today I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nA mulberry leaf touched with the genius of man becomes silk.\nA field of clay touched with the genius of man becomes a castle.\nA cyprus tree touched with the genius of man becomes a shrine.\nA cut of sheep’s hair touched with the genius of man becomes raiment for a king.\nIf it is possible for leaves and clay and wood and hair to have their value multiplied a hundred, yea a thousandfold by man, cannot I do the same with the clay which bears my name?\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nI am liken to a grain of wheat which faces one of three futures. The wheat can be placed in a sack and dumped in a stall until it is fed to swine. Or it can be ground to flour and made into bread. Or it can be placed in the earth and allowed to grow until its golden head divides and produces a thousand grains from the one.\nI am liken to a grain of wheat with one difference. The wheat cannot choose whether it be fed to swine, ground for bread, or planted to multiply. I have a choice and I will not let my life be fed to swine nor will I let it be ground under the rocks of failure and despair to be broken open and devoured by the will of others.\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nTo grow and multiply it is necessary to plant the wheat grain in the darkness of the earth and my failures, my despairs, my ignorance, and my inabilities are the darkness in which I have been planted in order to ripen. Now, like the wheat grain which will sprout and blossom only if it is nurtured with rain and sun and warm winds, I too must nurture my body and mind to fulfill my dreams. But to grow to full stature the wheat must wait on the whims of nature. I need not wait for I have the power to choose my own destiny.\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nAnd how will I accomplish this? First I will set goals for the day, the week, the month, the year, and my life. Just as the rain must fall before the wheat will crack its shell and sprout, so must I have objectives before my life will crystallize. In setting my goals I will consider my best performance of the past and multiply it a hundredfold. This will be the standard by which I will live in the future. Never will I be of concern that my goals are too high for is it not better to aim my spear at the moon and strike only an eagle than to aim my spear at the eagle and strike only a rock?\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nThe height of my goals will not hold me in awe though I may stumble often before they are reached. If I stumble I will rise and my falls will not concern me for all men must stumble often to reach the hearth. Only a worm is free from the worry of stumbling. I am not a worm. I am not an onion plant. I am not a sheep. I am a man. Let others build a cave with their clay. I will build a castle with mine.\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nAnd just as the sun must warm the earth to bring forth the seedling of wheat so, too, will the words on these scrolls warm my life and turn my dreams into reality. Today I will surpass every action which I performed yesterday. I will climb today’s mountain to the utmost of my ability yet tomorrow I will climb higher than today, and the next will be higher than tomorrow. To surpass the deeds of others is unimportant; to surpass my own deeds is all.\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nAnd just as the warm wind guides the wheat to maturity, the same winds will carry my voice to those who will listen and my words will announce my goals. Once spoken I dare not recall them lest I lose face. I will be as my own prophet and though all may laugh at my utterances they will hear my plans, they will know my dreams; and thus there will be no escape for me until my words become accomplished deeds.\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nI will commit not the terrible crime of aiming too low.\nI will do the work that a failure will not do.\nI will always let my reach exceed my grasp.\nI will never be content with my performance in the market.\nI will always raise my goals as soon as they are attained.\nI will always strive to make the next hour better than this one.\nI will always announce my goals to the world.\nYet, never will I proclaim my accomplishments. Let the world, instead, approach me with praise and may I have the wisdom to receive it in humility.\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nOne grain of wheat when multiplied a hundredfold will produce a hundred stalks. Multiply these a hundredfold, ten times, and they will feed all the cities of the earth. Am I not more than a grain of wheat?\nToday I will multiply my value a hundredfold.\nAnd when it is done I will do it again, and again, and there will be astonishment and wonder at my greatness as the words of these scrolls are fulfilled in me.\n第十六章 羊皮卷之九 我的幻想毫无价值，我的计划渺如尘埃，我的目标不可能达到。 一切的一切毫无意义——除非我们付诸行动。 我现在就付诸行动。 一张地图，不论多么详尽，比例多么精确，它永远不可能带着它的 主人在地面上移动半步。一个国家的法律，不论多么公正，永远不可能 防止罪恶的发生。任何宝典，即使我手中的羊皮卷，永远不可能创造财 富。只有行动才能使地图、法律、宝典、梦想、计划、目标具有现实意 义。行动像食物和水一样，能滋润我，使我成功。 我现在就付诸行动。 拖延使我裹足不前，它来自恐惧。现在我从所有勇敢的心灵深处， 体会到这一秘密。我知道，要想克服恐惧，必须毫不犹豫，起而行动， 唯其如此，心中的慌乱方得以平定。现在我知道，行动会使猛狮般的恐 惧，减缓为蚂蚁般的平静。 我现在就付诸行动。 从此我要记住萤火虫的启迪：只有在振翅的时候，才能发出光芒。 我要成为一只萤火虫，即使在艳阳高照的白天，我也要发出光芒。让别 人像蝴蝶一样，舞动翅膀，靠花朵的施舍生活；我要做萤火虫，照亮大 地。 我现在就付诸行动。 我不把今天的事情留给明天，因为我知道明天是永远不会来临的。 现在就去行动吧！即使我的行动不会带来快乐与成功，但是动而失败总 比坐而待毙好。行动也许不会结出快乐的果实，但是没有行动，所有的 果实都无法收获。 我现在就付诸行动。 立刻行动！立刻行动！立刻行动！从今往后，我要一遍又一遍，每 时每刻重复这句话，直到成为习惯，好比呼吸一般，成为本能，好比眨 眼一样。有了这句话，我就能调整自己的情绪，迎接失败者避而远之的 每一次挑战。 我现在就付诸行动。 我要一遍又一遍地重复这句话。 清晨醒来时，失败者流连于床榻，我却要默诵这句话，然后开始行 动。 我现在就付诸行动。 外出推销时，失败者还在考虑是否会遭到拒绝的时候，我要默诵这 句话，面对第一个来临的顾客。 我现在就付诸行动。 面对紧闭的大门时，失败者怀着恐惧与惶惑的心情，在门外等候； 我却默诵这句话，随即上前敲门。我现在就付诸行动。 面对诱惑时，我默诵这句话，然后远离罪恶。 我现在就付诸行动。 只有行动才能决定我在商场上的价值。若要加倍我的价值，我必须 加倍努力。我要前往失败者惧怕的地方，当失败者休息的时候，我要继 续工作。失败者沉默的时候，我开口推销。我要拜访十户可能买我东西 的人家，而失败者在一番周详的计划之后，却只拜访一家。在失败者认 为为时太晚时，我能够说大功告成。 我现在就付诸行动。 现在是我的所有。明日是为懒汉保留的工作日，我并不懒惰；明日 是弃恶从善的日子，我并不邪恶；明日是弱者变为强者的日子，我并不 软弱；明日是失败者借口成功的日子，我并不是失败者。 我现在就付诸行动。 我是雄狮，我是苍鹰，饥即食，渴即饮。除非行动，否则死路一 条。 我渴望成功、快乐、心灵的平静。除非行动，否则我将在失败、不 幸、夜不成眠的日子中死亡。 我发布命令。我要服从自己的命令。 我现在就付诸行动。 成功不是等待。如果我迟疑，她会投入别人的怀抱，永远弃我而 去。 此时。此地。此人。 我现在就付诸行动。\nChapter Sixteen The Scroll Marked IX My dreams are worthless, my plans are dust, my goals are impossible.\nAll are of no value unless they are followed by action.\nI will act now.\nNever has there been a map, however carefully executed to detail and scale, which carried its owner over even one inch of ground. Never has there been a parchment of law, however fair, which prevented one crime. Never has there been a scroll, even such as the one I hold, which earned so much as a penny or produced a single word of acclamation. Action, alone, is the tinder which ignites the map, the parchment, this scroll, my dreams, my plans, my goals, into a living force. Action is the food and drink which will nourish my success.\nI will act now.\nMy procrastination which has held me back was born of fear and now I recognize this secret mined from the depths of all courageous hearts. Now I know that to conquer fear I must always act without hesitation and the flutters in my heart will vanish. Now I know that action reduces the lion of terror to an ant of equanimity.\nI will act now.\nHenceforth, I will remember the lesson of the firefly who gives of its light only when it is on the wing, only when it is in action. I will become a firefly and even in the day my glow will be seen in spite of the sun. Let others be as butterflies who preen their wings yet depend on the charity of a flower for life. I will be as the firefly and my light will brighten the world.\nI will act now.\nI will not avoid the tasks of today and charge them to tomorrow for I know that tomorrow never comes. Let me act now even though my actions may not bring happiness or success for it is better to act and fail than not to act and flounder. Happiness, in truth, may not be the fruit plucked by my action yet without action all fruit will die on the vine.\nI will act now.\nI will act now. I will act now. I will act now. Henceforth, I will repeat these words again and again and again, each hour, each day, every day, until the words become as much a habit as my breathing and the actions which follow become as instinctive as the blinking of my eyelids. With these words I can condition my mind to perform every act necessary for my success. With these words I can condition my mind to meet every challenge which the failure avoids.\nI will act now.\nI will repeat these words again and again and again.\nWhen I awake I will say them and leap from my cot while the failure sleeps yet another hour.\nI will act now.\nWhen I enter the market place I will say them and immediately confront my first prospect while the failure ponders yet his possibility of rebuff.\nI will act now.\nWhen I face a closed door I will say them and knock while the failure waits outside with fear and trepidation.\nI will act now.\nWhen I face temptation I will say them and immediately act to remove myself from evil.\nI will act now.\nWhen I am tempted to quit and begin again tomorrow I will say them and immediately act to consummate another sale.\nI will act now.\nOnly action determines my value in the market place and to multiply my value I will multiply my actions. I will walk where the failure fears to walk. I will work when the failure seeks rest. I will talk when the failure remains silent. I will call on ten who can buy my goods while the failure makes grand plans to call on one. I will say it is done before the failure says it is too late.\nI will act now.\nFor now is all I have. Tomorrow is the day reserved for the labor of the lazy. I am not lazy. Tomorrow is the day when the evil become good. I am not evil. Tomorrow is the day when the weak become strong. I am not weak. Tomorrow is the day when the failure will succeed. I am not a failure.\nI will act now.\nWhen the lion is hungry he eats. When the eagle has thirst he drinks. Lest they act, both will perish.\nI hunger for success. I thirst for happiness and peace of mind. Lest I act I will perish in a life of failure, misery, and sleepless nights.\nI will command, and I will obey mine own command.\nI will act now.\nSuccess will not wait. If I delay she will become betrothed to another and lost to me forever. This is the time. This is the place. I am the man.\nI will act now.\n第十七章 羊皮卷之十 即使没有信仰的人，遇到灾难的时候，不是也呼求神的保佑吗？一 个人在面临危险、死亡或一些从未见过或无法理解的神秘之事时，不曾 失声大喊吗？每一个生灵在危险的刹那都会脱口而出的这种强烈的本能 是由何而生的呢？ 把你的手在别人眼前出其不意地挥一下，你会发现他的眼睑本能地 一眨；在他的膝盖上轻轻一击，他的腿会跳动；在黑暗中吓一个朋友， 他会本能地大叫一声“天啊”。 不管你有没有宗教信仰，这些自然现象谁也无法否认。世上的所有 生物，包括人类，都具有求助的本能。为什么我们会有这种本能、这种 恩赐呢？ 我们发出的喊声，不是一种祈祷的方式吗？人们无法理解，在一个 受自然法则统治的世界里，上苍将这种求救的本能赐予了羊、驴子、小 鸟、人类，同时也规定这种求救的声音应被一种超凡的力量听到并作出 回应。从今往后，我要祈祷，但是我只求指点迷津。 我从不求物质的满足。我不祈求有仆人为我送来食物，不求屋舍、 金银财宝、爱情、健康、小的胜利、名誉、成功或者幸福。我只求得到 指引，指引我获得这些东西的途径，我的祷告都有回音。 我所祈求的指引，可能得到，也可能得不到，但这两种结果不都是 一种回音？如果一个孩子问爸爸要面包，面包没有到手，这不也是父亲 的答复吗？ 我要祈求指导，以一个推销员的身份来祈祷—— 万能的主啊，帮助我吧！今天，我独自一人，赤条条地来到这个世 上，没有您的双手指引，我将远离通向成功与幸福的道路。 我不求金钱或衣衫，甚至不求适合我能力的机遇，我只求您引导我 获得适合机遇的能力。 您曾教狮子和雄鹰如何利用牙齿和利爪觅食。求您教给我如何利用 言辞谋生，如何借助爱心得以兴旺，使我能成为人中的狮子，商场上的 雄鹰。 帮助我！让我经历挫折和失败后仍能谦恭待人，让我看见胜利的奖 赏。 把别人不能完成的工作交给我，指引我由他们的失败中，撷取成功 的种子。让我面对恐惧，好磨炼我的精神。给我勇气嘲笑自己的疑虑和 胆怯。 赐给我足够的时间，好让我达到目标。帮助我珍惜每日如最后一 天。 引导我言出必行，行之有果。让我在流言蜚语中保持缄默。 鞭策我，让我养成一试再试的习惯。教我使用平衡法则的方法。让 我保持敏感，得以抓住机会。赐给我耐心，得以集中力量。 让我养成良好的习惯，戒除不良嗜好。赐给我同情心，同情别人的 弱点。让我知道，一切都将过去，却也能计算每日的恩赐。 让我看出何谓仇恨，使我对它不再陌生。但让我充满爱心，使陌生 人变成朋友。 但这一切祈求都要合乎您的意愿。我只是个微不足道的人物，如那 孤零零挂在藤上的葡萄。然而您使我与众不同。事实上，我必须有一个 特别的位置。指引我，帮助我，让我看到前方的路。 当您把我种下，让我在世界的葡萄园里发芽，让我成为您为我计划 的一切。 帮助我这个谦卑的推销员吧！ 主啊，指引我！\nChapter Seventeen The Scroll Marked X Who is of so little faith that in a moment of great disaster or heartbreak has not called to his God? Who has not cried out when confronted with danger, death, or mystery beyond his normal experience or comprehension? From where has this deep instinct come which escapes from the mouth of all living creatures in moments of peril?\nMove your hand in haste before another’s eyes and his eyelids will blink. Tap another on his knee and his leg will jump. Confront another with dark horror and his mouth will say, “My God” from the same deep impulse.\nMy life need not be filled with religion in order for me to recognize this greatest mystery of nature. All creatures that walk the earth, including man, possess the instinct to cry for help. Why do we possess this instinct, this gift?\nAre not our cries a form of prayer? Is it not incomprehensible in a world governed by nature’s laws to give a lamb, or a mule, or a bird, or man the instinct to cry out for help lest some great mind has also provided that the cry should be heard by some superior power having the ability to hear and to answer our cry? Henceforth I will pray, but my cries for help will only be cries for guidance.\nNever will I pray for the material things of the world. I am not calling to a servant to bring me food. I am not ordering an innkeeper to provide me with room. Never will I seek delivery of gold, love, good health, petty victories, fame, success, or happiness. Only for guidance will I pray, that I may be shown the way to acquire these things, and my prayer will always be answered.\nThe guidance I seek may come, or the guidance I seek may not come, but are not both of these an answer? If a child seeks bread from his father and it is not forthcoming has not the father answered?\nI will pray for guidance, and I will pray as a salesman, in this manner—\nOh creator of all things, help me. For this day I go out into the world naked and alone, and without your hand to guide me I will wander far from the path which leads to success and happiness.\nI ask not for gold or garments or even opportunities equal to my ability; instead, guide me so that I may acquire ability equal to my opportunities.\nYou have taught the lion and the eagle how to hunt and prosper with teeth and claw. Teach me how to hunt with words and prosper with love so that I may be a lion among men and an eagle in the market place.\nHelp me to remain humble through obstacles and failures; yet hide not from mine eyes the prize that will come with victory.\nAssign me tasks to which others have failed; yet guide me to pluck the seeds of success from their failures. Confront me with fears that will temper my spirit; yet endow me with courage to laugh at my misgivings.\nSpare me sufficient days to reach my goals; yet help me to live this day as though it be my last.\nGuide me in my words that they may bear fruit; yet silence me from gossip that none be maligned.\nDiscipline me in the habit of trying and trying again; yet show me the way to make use of the law of averages. Favor me with alertness to recognize opportunity; yet endow me with patience which will concentrate my strength.\nBathe me in good habits that the bad ones may drown; yet grant me compassion for weaknesses in others. Suffer me to know that all things shall pass; yet help me to count my blessings of today.\nExpose me to hate so it not be a stranger; yet fill my cup with love to turn strangers into friends.\nBut all these things be only if thy will. I am a small and a lonely grape clutching the vine yet thou hast made me different from all others. Verily, there must be a special place for me. Guide me. Help me. Show me the way.\nLet me become all you planned for me when my seed was planted and selected by you to sprout in the vineyard of the world.\nHelp this humble salesman. Guide me, God.\n","date":"2022-05-04T23:28:55+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/reading/quotes/","title":"Quotes"},{"content":"Android dev intro.\nAndroid O Dev course Preamble Debug code Find solutions online: Google the specific error message Google \u0026ldquo;How do I \u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; Ask Good question: Be positive Be specific If possible, give a link to the code in action. Thank someone if they\u0026rsquo;ve helped you. Answer someone else\u0026rsquo;s question Intro to Android Studio Download \u0026amp; Install Android Studio @: https://developer.android.com/studio\nFollow with the default settigns and components, let it do its thing, and wait for the installation is complete.\nDive into AS The breadcrumb at the top of the dev window indicates the file structure and the path we are in.\nThe buttons at the top-right corner are debugging \u0026amp; running section.\nButtons on the left pane has a \u0026ldquo;project\u0026rdquo; pane and it lists the directory and a \u0026ldquo;Gradle Scipts\u0026rdquo;.\n\u0026ldquo;Gradle Scripts\u0026rdquo; are used to build the app we\u0026rsquo;re developing. Later in the course we will modify those scripts.\nInside the \u0026ldquo;App\u0026rdquo; folder, there is a \u0026ldquo;manifest\u0026rdquo; folder, open it, it contains a \u0026ldquo;xml\u0026rdquo; file: \u0026ldquo;AndroidManifest.xml\u0026rdquo; which contains information about the app. Later in the course we will modify this file to add features. But for now just leave it as it is.\nThe \u0026ldquo;Java\u0026rdquo; folder contains all of the codes. It has two \u0026ldquo;test\u0026rdquo; folders. Our point of interset should be the top-most folder which contains our code.\nThe \u0026ldquo;res\u0026rdquo; folder includes a \u0026ldquo;layout\u0026rdquo; folder, within this folder we can see a \u0026ldquo;activity_main.xml\u0026rdquo; file and we will spend a lot of time in this file.\nAS overview Create new project Activity settings Layouts: margin settings background hint color Open a existed project AS Basics Text: textfield password Button: onclick action Coding: Create object which defines the onclick action Statements: Log.i method: Log data into the console stream EditTxt object: A text field which accepts user\u0026rsquo;s input from the UI. Toast object: A fade message shows to the user. getText and toString method: To retrieve enterted data. (EditText) type cast: Convert the View object to EditText object. findViewbyId method: Find View object by element ID. Debugging Example Interactivity Demo app:\npublic void clickFunction(View view) { //The Click action EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.usernameEditText) //Creates a EditText object which can retrieve what the user has just typed into the text field. Log.i(log:\u0026#34;info\u0026#34;, editText.getText().toString()) //Logger which record the activities into the cnosole. } PS: CLOSE PROXIFIER BEFORE DEBUGGING\nHow to use Toast:\nInside the AS Mainactivity.java, type in Toast and autocomplete to get the following line of code.\nToast.makeText(context:this, text:\u0026#34;This is the message displayed in the pop up.\u0026#34;, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT.show()) Toast will display a pop up message at the bottom of the screen.\nImages To update image using a button:\nCopy \u0026amp; Paste the images to the res/drawable folder Add a \u0026ldquo;ImageView\u0026rdquo; element into the layout, rename its id, e.g. catImageView Add a \u0026ldquo;Button\u0026rdquo; element into the layout, rename its id, e.g. catSwitchButton Then create a onclick action, e.g. swtichCat In main_activity.xml file, follow the following code: public void switchCat(View view) { Log.i(tag:\u0026#34;info\u0026#34;, msg:\u0026#34;Button pressed.\u0026#34;; ImageView image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.catImageView); // 1.Create an ImageView object \u0026#34;image\u0026#34;. // 2.Use findViewById to find the imageView element in the layout, then cast it into ImageView object. image.setImageResource(R.drawable.cat2); // 3.Update the image resource to the second image. } Currency Converter To build a currency converter app, we need those elements:\nA display image displays at the top of the screen. A textView element that indicates the user to enter an amount in pounds. A plainText element which allows the user to input the amount. A Button element which trigers the calculation after the user tap the button. A Toast message that tells the user how much value worth in dollar. Assume the converter only convert pounds into dollars. Step:\nDownload an image, copy \u0026amp; paste it to the res/drawable folder. Add an imageView element to the layout, and align/modify its position when sees fit in position. Add a textView element to the layout, and align/modify. Configure the text attribute to indicate the user what should be typed into. Add a plainText element to the layout, and align/modify, configure the hint attribute. Add a button element to the layout, and align/modify, configure the onClick \u0026amp; text attribute. In main_acitivity.xml, do those: Log the info when the user presses the button. Get amount which user entered.(Data type should be in double) Calculate the amount converted to dollars(Data type should be in double too.) Prints out a Toast message that tells how much dollars worth by the value of pounds he/she just typed. Codes:\npublic void onClick(View view) { EditText amountInPoundEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.id_of_plainText) Double poundValue = Double.parseDouble(amountInPoundText.getText().toString()); Double dollarValue = poundValue * 1.3; Toast.makeText(context:this, String.format(\u0026#34;Pound in %.2f is %.2f dollars\u0026#34;, poundValue, dollarValue), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT.show()); } Dive into Java HelloWorld.java:\npublic class HelloWorld { // `public` means this class is accessable throughout the file. // `clas` means its a chunk of code which defines what this class is. public static void main(String[] args) { // `static` defines a specific behavior of an instance of this class. // `void` means it does not return anythin. // `main` is a function that each Java program must have. // `String[]` defines a string array. // `args` means the parameter this function needs to complete its work. System.out.println(\u0026#34;Hello World!\u0026#34;); // `System.out.println` output the results to the system console. } } Primitive Data types:\nString // a set of characters byte // integers, range from -128 to 127 short // integers, range from 32**** to -32*** int // integers, range from 2^32 to -2^32 float // floating point numbers double // floating point numbers that stores a number double the memory long // floating point numbers that takes up to 8 bytes. boolean // true or false Basic methods:\nstring.length() // operations + - * / ... Basic constructs:\nArray: similar to tuple in Python.(Immutable after creation)\nList: similar to list in Python. PS: call import java.util.*; at the begining of the java program to use List type.\nMap: similar to dict in Python.\nUsage:\nArray public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] primeNums = {1,2,3,4,5}; // integer array; String[] names = {\u0026#34;Max\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Gwen\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Kevin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Michale\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Jack\u0026#34;}; // string array; System.out.println(names); System.out.println(primeNums.toString); } } List import java.util.*; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { List countries = new ArrayList(); countries.add(\u0026#34;China\u0026#34;); countries.add(\u0026#34;USA\u0026#34;); countries.add(\u0026#34;Japan\u0026#34;); countries.remove(2); // Remove \u0026#34;Japan\u0026#34; from the list. countries.remove(\u0026#34;USA\u0026#34;); // Remove \u0026#34;USA\u0026#34; from the list. System.out.println(countries.toString()); } } Hash Map import java.util.*; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { Map family = new HashMap(); map.put(\u0026#34;Father\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Max\u0026#34;); map.put(\u0026#34;Mother\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Gwen\u0026#34;); System.out.println(map.get(\u0026#34;Father\u0026#34;)); // output is: Max System.out.println(map.get(\u0026#34;Mother\u0026#34;)); // output is: Gwen System.out.println(map.toString()); // output is: {Father=Max, Mother=Gwen} System.out.println(map.size()); // output is: 2 } } If statement import java.util.*; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] compare_nums = {1, 1}; if (compare_nums[1] == compare_nums[0]) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;The second number is equal to the first number.\u0026#34;); } else if (compare_nums[1] \u0026gt; compare_nums[0]) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;The second number is greater than the first number.\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.println(\u0026#34;The second number is less than the first number.\u0026#34;); } } } Loops /************************************************************************* \u0026gt; File Name: HelloWorld.java \u0026gt; Author: xuanchengpan \u0026gt; Mail: maxnpan@163.com \u0026gt; Created Time: Wed, Sep 23, 2020 5:52:20 PM ************************************************************************/ public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { // 1. first ten 3 multiples using while loop. System.out.println(\u0026#34;*******************First ten multiples of three using while loop.\u0026#34;); int x = 1; while (x\u0026lt;=10) { System.out.println(x*3); x++; } // 2. first ten 3 multiples using for loop. System.out.println(\u0026#34;*******************First ten multiples of three using for loop.\u0026#34;); for (int y = 1; y \u0026lt;= 10; y++) { System.out.println(y*3); } // 3. Triangular numbers using while loop. System.out.println(\u0026#34;*******************First ten triangular numbers using while loop.\u0026#34;); int m = 0; int count = 0; while (count \u0026lt; 10) { System.out.println(m); m += count + 1; count++; } // 4. Triangular numbers using for loop. System.out.println(\u0026#34;*******************First ten triangular numbers using while loop.\u0026#34;); int foo = 0; for (int n = 0; n \u0026lt; 10; n++) { System.out.println(foo); foo += n + 1; } } } Output:\n*******************First ten multiples of three using while loop. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 *******************First ten multiples of three using for loop. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 *******************First ten triangular numbers using while loop. 0 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45 *******************First ten triangular numbers using while loop. 0 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45 real 0m0.912s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.046s Hit any key to close this window... Classes and objects /************************************************************************* \u0026gt; File Name: HelloWorld.java \u0026gt; Author: xuanchengpan \u0026gt; Mail: maxnpan@163.com \u0026gt; Created Time: Wed, Sep 23, 2020 5:52:20 PM ************************************************************************/ import java.util.*; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { class Number { int value; public boolean isPositive() { if (value \u0026gt; 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } } Number a_num = new Number(); a_num.value = 0; if (a_num.isPositive()) { System.out.println(a_num.value + \u0026#34; is positive.\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.println(a_num.value + \u0026#34; is not positive.\u0026#34;); } } } Output:\n\u0026#34;C:\\Program Files\\Git\\usr\\bin\\bash.exe\u0026#34; -c \u0026#34;time java HelloWorld.java\u0026#34; 0 is not positive. real 0m0.758s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.031s Hit any key to close this window... Number Shapes app Create an app that determine whether a number entered by the user is a square number, a triangular number, or none of the above.\npackage com.xuanchengpan.numbershapes; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { class Number { int value; public boolean isSquare() { double square = Math.sqrt(value); String num_string = String.valueOf(square); return num_string.length() \u0026lt;= 3; } public boolean isTriangular() { int remainder = value % 9; int[] triangular = {0, 1, 3, 6}; for (int i : triangular) { if (remainder == i) { return true; } } return false; } } public void checkNumber(View view) { EditText numberEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.numberEditText); Number number = new Number(); number.value = Integer.parseInt(numberEditText.getText().toString()); String message; Log.i(\u0026#34;info\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Button pressed.\u0026#34;); if (number.isSquare() \u0026amp;\u0026amp; number.isTriangular()) { message = \u0026#34;The number you entered are both square and triangular number!\u0026#34;; } else if (number.isSquare() \u0026amp;\u0026amp; !number.isTriangular()) { message = \u0026#34;The number you entered is a square number!\u0026#34;; } else if (!number.isSquare() \u0026amp;\u0026amp; number.isTriangular()) { message = \u0026#34;The number you entered is a triangular number!\u0026#34;; } else { message = \u0026#34;Sorry, the number you entered is neither a triangular number nor a square number.\u0026#34;; } Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } } Mistake:\nSince I found that all triangular numbers has a remainder of 0, 1, 3, 6 when divded by 9, so a number can be determiend as a triangular number if it has a remainder of 0, 1, 3, 6 divided by 9.\nBut this is wrong.\nE.g. 9 has a remainder of 0 when divided by 9, but it is not a triangular number.\nA correct way to approach this is to iterate each triangular number until it is not less than the target number.\nAfter the iteration, check if the number is equal to a triangular number, if it is, then it is triangular.\nNumer shape app 2.0 Fixed that when the user tap the button with nothing entered the app crashes. package com.xuanchengpan.numbershapes; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public void checkNumber(View view) { Log.i(\u0026#34;info\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Button pressed\u0026#34;); EditText numberEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.numberEditText); String message = numberEditText.getText().toString(); if (message.isEmpty()) { message = \u0026#34;Please enter a number to start!\u0026#34;; } else { Number number = new Number(); number.value = Integer.parseInt(numberEditText.getText().toString()); if (number.isTriangular() \u0026amp;\u0026amp; number.isSquare()) { message += \u0026#34; is both a triangular number and a square number!\u0026#34;; } else if (number.isSquare()) { message += \u0026#34; is a square number!\u0026#34;; } else if (number.isTriangular()) { message += \u0026#34; is a triangular number!\u0026#34;; } else { message += \u0026#34; is neither a square number nor a triangular number!\u0026#34;; } } Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } class Number { int value; public boolean isTriangular() { int triangular_num = 0; for (int i = 0; triangular_num \u0026lt; value; i++) { triangular_num += i + 1; } if (triangular_num == value) { return true; } else { return false; } } public boolean isSquare() { double square_num = Math.sqrt(value); if (square_num == Math.floor(square_num)) { return true; } else { return false; } } } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } } Tic Tac Toe package com.xuanchengpan.tictactoe; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.GridLayout; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import org.w3c.dom.Text; import java.util.Arrays; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { // 1: Player 1, 2: Player 2 int player = 1; int[] state = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; int[][] win_pos = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5}, {6, 7, 8}, {0 ,3 ,6}, {1, 4, 7}, {2, 5, 8}, {0, 4, 8}, {2, 4, 6} }; String winning_message; boolean game_state = true; public void dropIn(View view) { int counter = 0; // player 1: red, player 2: purple Button play_again_button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.playAgainButton); ImageView imageView = (ImageView) view; TextView winnerTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.winningStateTextView); // 1.Initiatives int tag = Integer.parseInt(imageView.getTag().toString()); if (state[tag] == 0 \u0026amp;\u0026amp; game_state) { counter++; if (counter == state.length){ game_state = false; winning_message = \u0026#34;No one wins!\u0026#34;; } imageView.setTranslationY(-1000); // 2.Player turns if (player == 1) { imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.red); tag = Integer.parseInt(imageView.getTag().toString()); state[tag] = 1; player = 2; } else if (player == 2) { imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.purple); tag = Integer.parseInt(imageView.getTag().toString()); state[tag] = 2; player = 1; } imageView.animate().translationY(0).setDuration(200); // 3.Check winning state for (int[] list : win_pos) { if (state[list[0]] == state[list[1]] \u0026amp;\u0026amp; state[list[1]] == state[list[2]] \u0026amp;\u0026amp; state[list[2]] != 0) { String winner; if (player == 1) { winner = \u0026#34;Purple\u0026#34;; } else { winner = \u0026#34;Red\u0026#34;; } winning_message = \u0026#34;Player \u0026#34; + winner + \u0026#34; wins!\u0026#34;; game_state = false; } } } else { winnerTextView.setText(winning_message); play_again_button.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); winnerTextView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } } public void playAgain(View view){ Log.i(\u0026#34;info\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Button pressed.\u0026#34;); TextView winner_text_view = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.winningStateTextView); Button play_again_button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.playAgainButton); play_again_button.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); winner_text_view.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); androidx.gridlayout.widget.GridLayout grid_layout = findViewById(R.id.gridLayOut); for(int i=0; i\u0026lt;grid_layout.getChildCount(); i++) { ImageView child = (ImageView) grid_layout.getChildAt(i); child.setImageDrawable(null); } Arrays.fill(state, 0); game_state = true; player = 1; } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } } Section 4: Media, Images, Video \u0026amp; Audio Add images To add images:\nAdd ImageView, and move the images to res/drawable fodler. Create instance of ImageView and there are bunch of options, e.g. moving(SetTranslation), fade(alpha), rotation(rotation), animation duration(SetDuration). Video Too add video:\nAdd VideoView and move the video to res/raw folder. Create instance of VideoView, and VideoView.setVideoPath() to refer to the video in the folder. Add MediaController to control the playback of the video. Audio To add audio:\nNotice: There are no viewports for audio, audio shall be created when the app starts as a background resource.\nWe can apply three functions to an audio, which are:Play, Pause, Stop To Play the audio, first move the audio files to res/raw fodler. Instantiate mediaPlayer and audioManager, as well as SeekBar. Set seekbar progress change listener to mediaplayer progress. Set seekbar seekto position to audiomanager and timer. Basic Phrase Function:\nAlign 8 Play buttons in a grid layout. Play the corresponding audio when press each button. package com.xuanchengpan.basicphrase; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.media.MediaPlayer; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { MediaPlayer mPlayer; public void play(View v) { Button button = (Button) v; if (mPlayer == null) { mPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(this, getResources().getIdentifier(button.getTag().toString(), \u0026#34;raw\u0026#34;, getPackageName())); mPlayer.start(); } else { mPlayer.release(); mPlayer = null; } } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } } Advanced Features Times Tables app Goal:\nListView Use SeekBar to display the time multiples.(e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4\u0026hellip;) Code:\npackage com.xuanchengpan.timestable; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.*; import java.util.ArrayList; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { ListView timeTableListView; public void timeTableGenerate(int timeTableNumber) { ArrayList\u0026lt;String\u0026gt; timeTableNumbers = new ArrayList\u0026lt;String\u0026gt;(); for (int i = 1; i \u0026lt; 10; i++) { timeTableNumbers.add(Integer.toString(i * timeTableNumber)); } ArrayAdapter\u0026lt;String\u0026gt; arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter\u0026lt;String\u0026gt;(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, timeTableNumbers); timeTableListView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter); } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final SeekBar timeTableSeekBar = findViewById(R.id.timeTableSeekBar); timeTableListView = findViewById(R.id.timeTableListView); timeTableSeekBar.setMax(20); timeTableSeekBar.setProgress(10); timeTableGenerate(1); timeTableSeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() { @Override public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) { int timeTableNumber; int min = 1; if (progress \u0026lt; min) { timeTableNumber = min; timeTableSeekBar.setProgress(min); } else { timeTableNumber = progress; } Log.i(\u0026#34;SeekBar moved to: \u0026#34;, Integer.toString(timeTableNumber)); timeTableGenerate(timeTableNumber); } @Override public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) { } @Override public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) { } }); } } Mistake:\nCannot findViewById if declaring an object before OnCreate() Method.\nTimer() Goal:\nKnow how the Timer() behaves. Know how to control SeekBar. Update Timer() package com.example.eggtimer; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.CountDownTimer; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.SeekBar; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { // Define class property as primitive types. int time; // Time position. int minutes = 0; // Minute.(Time remainder divided by 1 minute, ie. 60000 miliseconds.) int seconds = 0; // Second.(Time ifference with minutes, divided by 1 second, ie. 1000 miliseconds.) int timeMax = 600 * 1000; // Upper bound of timer. int timeMin = 3 * 1000; // Lower bound of timer. int time_interval = 1000; // One second. TextView minutesTextView; TextView secondsTextView; Button countDownTimerButton; // Compute minutes and seconds. public void calculateMinutesAndSeconds() { minutes = time / (60 * 1000); seconds= (time - (60 * 1000 * minutes)) / 1000; } // Update the text view corresponding to updated minutes and seconds. public void setMinutesAndSecondsText() { minutesTextView.setText(String.valueOf(minutes)); secondsTextView.setText(String.valueOf(seconds)); } // Count down timer start after the button is pressed. public void countDownTimerStart(View view) { Log.i(\u0026#34;Debug\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;countDownTimerStart\u0026#34;); new CountDownTimer(time, time_interval) { @Override public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) { Log.i(\u0026#34;Count Down Timer:\u0026#34;, minutes + \u0026#34; : \u0026#34; + seconds); time -= time_interval; calculateMinutesAndSeconds(); setMinutesAndSecondsText(); } @Override public void onFinish() { Log.i(\u0026#34;Count Timer Done.\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;No count down.\u0026#34;); } }.start(); } // OnCreate. @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // Initialize visual elements. minutesTextView = findViewById(R.id.minutesTextView); secondsTextView = findViewById(R.id.secondsTextView); setMinutesAndSecondsText(); countDownTimerButton = findViewById(R.id.countDownTimerButton); final SeekBar countDownTimerSeekBar = findViewById(R.id.countDownTimerSeekBar); // countDownTimerSeekBar settings. countDownTimerSeekBar.setMax(timeMax); countDownTimerSeekBar.setProgress(timeMin); // countDownTimerSeekBar behavior definition. countDownTimerSeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() { @Override public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) { Log.i(\u0026#34;Debug\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;The user moved the SeekBar. Now the time is: \u0026#34; + time); // Track the user movement and define the minimum value of the timer could count. if (progress \u0026lt; timeMin) { countDownTimerSeekBar.setProgress(timeMin); time = timeMin; } else { time = progress; } calculateMinutesAndSeconds(); Log.i(\u0026#34;Minute:\u0026#34;, String.valueOf(minutes)); Log.i(\u0026#34;Second:\u0026#34;, String.valueOf(seconds)); setMinutesAndSecondsText(); } @Override public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {} @Override public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {} }); } } ","date":"2021-02-16T06:08:20+08:00","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/tech/android/","title":"Android intro"},{"content":"pandas quick start guide and EXCEL analyzing examples.\n14.3 Using pandas in Python import pandas Official Documentation link:https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/\nIntro: pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language.\nInstall \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;pip3 install pandas # In a local shell, Python must in PATH Import \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;import pandas as pd Using pandas Read file To read a excel file end in .xlsx extension:\n\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;excel = pd.read_excel(\u0026#34;test.xlsx\u0026#34;, sheet_name=\u0026#34;Sheet1\u0026#34;) The datatype for excel is pandas.core.frame.DataFrame, which is a builtin Data structure in pandas to store data.\nExtract data by columns \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;print(excel.\u0026#34;column name here\u0026#34;) After created excel, it has multiple methods. It will return the data in the specified column.\nExtract data by rows \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;print(excel.loc[\u0026#34;start row\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;end row\u0026#34;]) By this way, excel will return the data in specified rows, and print to the console.\n\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;print(excel.loc[0]) Extract the first row, which are the titles in excel file, Sheet1.\nExtract specified data by rows and columns \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt;print(excel.loc[3:5, [\u0026#34;age\u0026#34;]]) Extract data by cell print(excel.at[0, \u0026#34;age\u0026#34;]) Note: dtype here is int64. When extracting by cell, the dtype becomes the datatype of that isolated object.\nWrite By .to_excel This is the first method which can write the data into a new excel file with a specified file name and sheet name.\nCode:\nexcel = pd.read_excel(\u0026#34;test.xlsx\u0026#34;, sheet_name=\u0026#34;Sheet1\u0026#34;) data = excel.loc[2:8, \u0026#34;age\u0026#34;] data.to_excel(\u0026#34;data1.xlsx\u0026#34;, sheet_name=\u0026#34;Sheet2\u0026#34;) By writer Code:\nwriter = pd.ExcelWriter(\u0026#34;data2.xlsx\u0026#34;) df1 = pd.DataFrame(data={ # Declare a DatFrame data on our own \u0026#34;col1\u0026#34;:[1, 2, 3, 4], \u0026#34;col2\u0026#34;:[\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;b\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;c\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;d\u0026#34;] }) print(df1) print(type(df1)) Result:\nIn [35]: print(df1) col1 col2 0 1 a 1 2 b 2 3 c 3 4 d In [36]: print(type(df1)) \u0026lt;class \u0026#39;pandas.core.frame.DataFrame\u0026#39;\u0026gt; Write to file\ndf1.to_excel(Writer, \u0026#34;Sheet name\u0026#34;) Writer.save() Result:\n","date":"2020-03-12T14:25:56Z","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/tech/pandas/","title":"Python pandas intro"},{"content":"Markdown syntax guide.\nMarkdown syntax practice Font - *Italic* or _Italic_ - **Bold** - ***Italic and Bold*** - ~~DELETE LINE~~ Result:\nItalic\nBold\nItalic and bold\nDELETE LINE\nTitles # Main title ## Sub-title ### Sub-sub-title ... Hyperlink 1. In-line hyperlink Welcome to [a_link](http://a_link_address.com \u0026quot;a_hover_display_message\u0026quot;) Result: Welcome to a_link\n2. Reference hyperlink [Link1][1] [Link2][2] [Link3][3] [1]:http://www.google.com \u0026quot;Google\u0026quot; [2]:http://github.com \u0026quot;Github\u0026quot; [3]:http://purdue.edu \u0026quot;Purdue\u0026quot; Result:\nGoogle:Link1\nGithub:Link2\nPurdue:Link3\n3. Auto link \u0026lt;a_sample_link_covered_by_a_pair_of_'\u0026lt;\u0026gt;'\u0026gt; \u0026lt;address@example.com\u0026gt; Result:\n\u0026lt;www.google.com\u0026gt;\naddress@example.com\nIndex Code:\n# 0. TOC{#index} jump to [TOC](#index) Reulst:\nJump to Main title\nJump to Font\nList 1. A disorder list Code:\n- element 1 - element 2 - element 3 Result:\nelement 1 element 2 element 3 2. A ordered list Code:\n1. element 1 2. element 2 3. element 3 Result:\nelement 1 element 2 element 3 3. Defining list Code:\nCode block 1 : This is the definition of the 'Code block 1' The code block of 'Code block 1' Result:\nCode block 1 This is the definition of the \u0026lsquo;Code block 1\u0026rsquo; The code block of 'Code block 1' 4. List indentation Code:\n* Some text. * Some other text. * Some other text. * Some other text. Result:\nSome text. Some other text. Some other text. Some other text. 5. List including paragraph Code:\n* Title: \u0026gt; Paragraph 1 \u0026gt; Paragraph 2 Result:\n* Title: \u0026gt; Paragraph 1 \u0026gt; Paragraph 2 Table Implement:\n|1st block|2nd block|3rd block| |-|-| |3rd block|4th block|5th block| |6th block|7th block|8th block| Result:\n1st block 2nd block 3rd block 3rd block 4th block 5th block 6th block 7th block 8th block Quotation Code:\n\u0026gt; Quote with 2 phrases. \u0026gt; Phrase 1, sentence 1. \u0026gt; Phrase 1, sentence 2. \u0026gt; \u0026gt; Phrase 2, sentence 1. \u0026gt; Phrase 2, sentence 2. Result:\nQuote with 2 phrases. Phrase 1, sentence 1. Phrase 1, sentence 2.\nPhrase 2, sentence 1. Phrase 2, sentence 2.\nOr:\n\u0026gt; Quote with 2 phrases. Phrase 1, sentence 1. Phrase 1, sentence 2. \u0026gt; Phrase 2, sentence 1. Phrase 2, sentence 2. Result:\nQuote with 2 phrases. Phrase 1, sentence 1. Phrase 1, sentence 2.\nPhrase 2, sentence 1. Phrase 2, sentence 2.\nQuotation levels Code:\n\u0026gt; 1st level. \u0026gt;\u0026gt; 2nd level. \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u0026gt; 3rd level. Result:\n1st level.\n2nd level.\n3rd level.\nQuote other elements Quotation supports other markdown syntaxes, including title, lists, code blocks, etc.\nCode:\n\u0026gt; 1. First element of a list. \u0026gt; 2. 2nd element of a list. \u0026gt; Some sample codes: return shell_exec(\u0026quot;echo $input | $markdown_script\u0026quot;); Result:\nFirst element of a list. 2nd element of a list. Some sample codes. return shell_exec(\u0026ldquo;echo $input | $markdown_script\u0026rdquo;); Insert Image In-line Code:\n![image](image@address \u0026quot;title_of_the_image\u0026quot;) Result:\nReference Code:\n![sample_image][picture1] [picture1]:https://c4.wallpaperflare.com/wallpaper/373/465/123/watchmen-dr-manhattan-wallpaper-preview.jpg \u0026quot;sample image\u0026quot; Result:\nTable of content Insert \u0026lsquo;[TOC]\u0026rsquo; to show the table of content.\nFoot note Code:\nAdd a foot note like this[^1] [^1]:A sample foot note. Result:\nAdd a foot note like this1\nInsert formula Single-line Code:\nUse a '\u0026amp;' to represent a formula. E.g.: $E=mc^2$ Result:\nUse a \u0026lsquo;\u0026amp;\u0026rsquo; to represent a formula. E.g.: $E=mc^2$\nMultiline Code:\n$$\\sum_{i=1}^n a_i=0$$ $$f(x_1,x_x,\\ldots,x_n) = x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \\cdots + x_n^2 $$ $$\\sum^{j-1}_{k=0}{\\widehat{\\gamma}_{kj} z_k}$$ Result:\n$$\\sum_{i=1}^n a_i=0$$ $$f(x_1,x_x,\\ldots,x_n) = x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \\cdots + x_n^2 $$ $$\\sum^{j-1}{k=0}{\\widehat{\\gamma}{kj} z_k}$$\nSeperation line Code:\n*** * * * --- ------------ Result:\nCode block In-line code Code:\nSample: A name of a function 'print()' Result:\nSample: A name of a function \u0026lsquo;print()\u0026rsquo;.\nBy indentation Code:\n#include \u0026lt;stdio.h\u0026gt; int main(void) { printf(\u0026quot;Hello world\\n\u0026quot;); } Result:\n#include \u0026lt;stdio.h\u0026gt; int main(void) { printf(\u0026quot;Hello world\\n\u0026quot;); } HTML You can use HTML language to code your markdown file.\nFor full guide, go to: https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet\nA sample foot note.\u0026#160;\u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n","date":"2020-03-02T06:28:49Z","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/tech/markdown/","title":"Markdown intro"},{"content":"","date":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","permalink":"https://example.com/posts/images/tzkbz_16.jpeg/","title":""}]